A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF TOURISM 2018 2018

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, 1

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

1.1 INTRODUCTION

KERALA “GODS OWN COUNTRY” has been recognized as the best tourism brand in the world. This is achieved by introducing variety of tourism products, developing new centers’ of attraction and upgrading all existing major centers. Beaches, wand weather, backwater ,hill stations, waterfalls, wildlife, Ayurvedha, year round festivals, are unique destination for tourists. During the few years, the Kerala state government has been giving high priority to this sector in Kerala state, tourism is a new opportunity

Tourism is an important source of foreign currency for the government. The flow of tourists and income from it is increasing year by year. In 2005, 2.46lakhs foreigners and 59.46 lakh tourists from other state of visited Kerala. He total income is rupees 7738crores. In 2006 428534 foreigners and 6271724domestic tourists visited Kerala. That means a growth of 5.47% in domestic tourists and 23.68% in foreign tourists

Being a service industry, tourism creates employment opportunity for local population .Direct job establishment like hotels, restaurants, tourist shops, travel agencies, and also in transport, handloom and handicraft industries. A forecast study conducted by WTTC states that travel and tourism related to economic activity of Kerala grows at 11.4% during 2004-2013 and shall provide employment to 2.2 million (15 per cent of total employment) by2013. The growth rate of tourist arrivals in Kerala is more than six times compared to the growth rate of World tourist arrival in 2010.. The rolling high ranges of the are very attractive and also play an important role in determining the climate of the State. Eco-tourism centers of Kerala are very popular. India’s first planned eco-tourism center is in Kerala, at .

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 2

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

Kerala is renowned as a health tourism destination also. The Ayurvedic health tourism is more popular here because the State has an unparalleled wealth of herbs and natural vegetation; perhaps, similar plants are seen only in the Himalayas. It is due to the unique geographical position and tropical climate of the State. The humid climatic condition is also favorable for Ayurvedic treatment and the best attraction to the tourist

Apart from being a tourist destination, Kerala is also India’s most literate and advanced society, most peaceful and cleanest State. Kerala was adjudged as one of the ‘Ten paradises of the World by the National Geographic Traveler. Kerala’s geographical diversity and ecological features are promising for tourism development. No tourist can experience anywhere in the World, except Kerala such a geographical diversity within a small piece of land

Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purpose, usually ofa limited duration. Tourism is of commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country. The world tourism organization defines tourists as people “travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Kerala is a agricultural state and for many reason its agricultural contributions are declining year by year. Hence it should find new areas to sustain in the competitive economy. Tourism is an important source of foreign currency and it creates a lot of employment opportunities we are promoting Kerala as a tourist destination very aggressively all over the world But the facilities available to foreign as well as domestic tourists are not satisfactory

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 3

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

NILAMBUR the land of golden teak is an unexplored tourists spot as our state it is very close to Nilagiri biosphere and Bangalore-Calicut national highway, where 1000 of tourists are passing every day. In order to attract more Tourists, we should find the problems connected with these tourists destinations and to develop the tourism infrastructure in these places.

This study is an analysis of various problems connected with different tourists destinations and the role of tourism department for the development of these tourists destination

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES

An enquiry into the potential of tourism in and also the problem of the important tourist destinations

The study has been undertaken with the following specific objectives in mind

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

To identify the tourist attractions in district To analyses the present condition of tourism and prospects of tourism in Nilambur To study the role of tourism department for the development of nilambur tourism To evaluate the tourists perception about tourism in Nilambur To study the problems faced by the tourists in different locations in Nilambur To give suggestions for the development of tourism in Nilambur

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 4

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

NILAMBUR tourism is a part of eco-tourism. eco-tourism is both nature Based and ecologically sustainable more over it require less tourism Infrastructure facilities and services compared to conventional tourism. Eco-Tourism include visitation to all the unpolluted natural areas and so as to generate awareness towards conservation of these resources.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted in Nilambur Taluk. This study intended to understand the growth and problems related with tourism

1.6 THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research methodology adopted for carrying out the study is mainly designed as an empirical work based primary data and secondary data, primary data was obtained through questionnaire and direct personal interviews of tourists The secondary data which support or used for the purpose of analysis, are taken from various websites and other related publications.

1.6.1 SAMPLING METHOD.

Random sampling method is used for collecting data

1.6.2 SAMPLING SIZE

The sample selection for the study consist of 30 tourists in Nilambur taluk of

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 5

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

1.7 ANALYSIS TOOL

The data collected has been tabulated and analyzed using simple percentage method. The tabulated results are represented in the form of bar graph and pie charts

1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

° Due to the limitation of time, all the variables could not be considered ° Respondent may not give correct answer ° Important tourist places are only taken into account for this study ° Since the study is based on the sampling method, sampling errors are Bound to occur

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 6

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

CHAPTER 2

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 7

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

HISTORY OF TOURISM

Tourism can be recognized as long as people have travelled; the narrative of Marco Polo in the 13th century; the "grand tour" of the British aristocracy to Europe in the 18th century; and the journeys of David Livingstone through African the 19th century are all examples of early tourism. Thomas Cook is popularly regarded as the founder of inclusive tours with his use of a chartered train in 1841to transport tourists from Southborough to Leicester. Before the 1950s, tourism in Europe was mainly a domestic activity with some international travel between countries, mainly within continental Europe. In the period of recovery following World War II, a combination of circumstances provided an impetus to international travel. Among the important contributing factors were the growing number of people in employment, the increase in real disposable incomes and available leisure time, and changing social attitudes towards leisure and work. These factors combined to stimulate the latent demand for foreign travel and holidays. The emergence of specialist tour operators who organized inclusive holidays by purchasing transport, accommodation, and related services and selling these at a single price, brought foreign holidays within the price-range of a new and growing group of consumers. The "package" or "inclusive" tour democratized travel in Europe; foreign holidays were no longer the preserve of the affluent and socially lite classes.

Tourist is a person who comes from another country or another place to see and enjoy the attractions and famous places in the region.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 8

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TOURISM IN INDIA

Tourism in India is economically important and is growing rapidly. The World Travel & Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated 6.4 trillion or 6.6% of the nation's GDP in 2012. It supported 39.5 million jobs, 7.7% of its total employment. The sector is predicted to grow at an average annual rate of7.9% till 2023 making India the third fastest growing tourism destination over the next decade. India has a large medical tourism sector which is expected to grow at an estimated rate of 30% annually to reach about Rs.95 billion by 2015.

About 22.57 million tourists arrived in India in 2014, compared to 19.95million in 2013. This ranks India as the 38th country in the world in terms of foreign tourist arrivals. Domestic tourist visits to all states and Union Territories numbered 1,036.35 million in 2012, an increase of 16.5% from 2011. In 2014,Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh were the most popular states for tourists. Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai and Agra have been the four most visited cities of India by foreign tourists during the year 2011. Worldwide, Chennai is ranked 38 by the number of foreign tourists, while Mumbai is ranked at 50,Delhi at 52 and Agra at 66 and Kolkata at 99.

The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013 ranks India 65th out of 144 countries overall. The report ranks the price competitiveness of India's tourism sector 20th out of 144 countries. It mentions that India has quite good air transport (ranked 39th), particularly given the country’s stage of development, and reasonable ground transport infrastructure (ranked 42nd).Some other aspects of its tourism infrastructure remain somewhat underdeveloped however. The nation has very few hotel rooms per capita by international comparison and low ATM penetration the World Tourism Organization reported that India's receipts from tourism during 2012 ranked16th in the world, and 7th among Asian and Pacific countries.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 9

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and promotion of tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the sector including various Central Ministries/agencies, state governments, Union Territories and the representatives of the private sector. Concerted efforts are being made to promote new forms of tourism such as rural, cruise, medical and eco-tourism. The Ministry also maintains the campaign.

India’s rich history and its cultural and geographical diversity make its international tourism appeal large and diverse it present heritage and cultural tourism along with medical ,business, educational and sports tourism.

The major segments of Indian tourism industry are medical tourism, Eco — tourism and monsoon tourism.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 10

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TOURISM IN KERALA

Kerala is a state on the tropical of south-western India. Nicknamed as one of the "10 paradises of the world" by National Geographic, Kerala is famous especially for its Eco-tourism initiatives. Its unique culture and traditions, coupled with its varied demography, has made it one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. Growing at a rate of 13.31%, the tourism industry significantly contributes to the state's economy.

Until the early 19805, Kerala was a relatively unknown destination, with most tourism circuits concentrated around the north of the country. Aggressive marketing campaigns launched by the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation the government agency that oversees tourism prospects of the state laid the foundation for the growth of the tourism industry. In the decades that followed, Kerala Tourism was able to transform itself into one of the niche holiday destinations in India. The tag line Kerala God's Own Country was adopted in its tourism promotions and became a global super brand. Kerala is regarded as one of the destinations with the highest brand recall. In 2010,Kerala attracted 660,000 foreign tourist arrivals.

Kerala is an established destination for both domestic as well as foreign tourists. Kerala is well known for its beaches, backwaters in and , mountain ranges and wildlife sanctuaries. Other popular attractions in the state include the beaches at , , and ; backwater tourism and lake resorts around , Kollam; hill stations and resorts at , Wayanad, , and ; and national parksand wildlife sanctuaries at , Parambikulam and .

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 11

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

The "backwaters" region—an extensive network of interlocking rivers, lakes, and canals that centre on Ashtamudi Lake, Kollam, also see heavy tourist traffic. Heritage sites, such as the , Hill Palace, and Palace, are also visited. The city of Trivandrum ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala. To further promote , the Grand Kerala Shopping Festival was started by the in 2007. Since then it has been held every year during the December—January period.

The state's tourism agenda promotes ecologically sustained tourism, which focuses on the local culture, wilderness adventures, volunteering and personal growth of the local population. Efforts are taken to minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people

The tourism industry in Kerala can be classified on the basis of different types of tourism.

Health Tourism:

Thousands of foreigners are coming to Kerala for the local concepts of rejuvenation and restoration that is embodied in the system of treatment. For the visitor, the holiday is a stress - buster. Although ideally the treatment last for a month, there are shorter courses meant for the tourist in hurry. Many are the visitors who patronize Ayurveda and during this holiday take up short courses that will help them run parlous abroad. Notable among the centers providing the Ayurveda package are Somatheextham Resort, Hotel Samudra,

Manamtheeram, Dr. Franklin’s Panchakarma Institute and five star hotels here. A system of medicine which goes for treating the person and not the disease

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 12

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

cannot have a universal cure for people from all climes. The herbal oil bath is favorite for the tourist. Structuring the treatment according to the demands from the markets some offer a body purification course, slimming programme, rejuvenation, beauty care, yoga, and stress management, dhara massage combination. The time of stay can vary one week to fourteen days for any of these courses. Many of the foreigners come here to master the — a martial art form and their exposure to the medicinal aspect opens one more avenue for misuse of the knowledge acquired. Here the tourists need accommodation for the period of treatment. There is chance for hotel industries with professionally quailed persons. It also requires skilled persons in the field of uzhichal, pizhichal, etc, who are professionals in ayurvedic system of medicine.

Pilgrimage Tourism Destinations in Kerala

One of the important pilgrim places in Kerala is of Lord Ayyappa. It is a day’s walk from through picturesque forests. Every year lakhs of people visit Shabarimala for whom different kinds of services required. Sri Padmanabha Swami Temple in the Fort area of Trivandrum willed light the tourist with brilliant specimens of Dravidian architecture. Entry is restricted to Hindus. The Attukal Devi temple in is famous for Ponkala

Maholsavam, where the entry strictly restricted to ladies. Another pilgrim place in Kerala is SreeNarayana Religious Complex in Varkala. Sri Narayanaguru was a social reformer and religious teacher of the early years of last century. Parthasamthy Temple organizes a grand spectacle of snake boat races on the Pambariver on the fifth day after Thiruvonam in August! September.

Thousands of people are attracted to the boat race. The festival in May at Vadakkunathan temple with dazzling display of scores of caparisoned elephants in line

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 13

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

and silken umbrellas is what qualifies the city “” as a must in tourism literature. It is again the railroad for a side trip to Guruvayoor, the most famous Sree temple in India.

The most important pilgrim place in Wayanad is Thirunelly temple,which attracts a large number of tourists every year. This is famous for ‘Pithritharpanam’. One of the important pilgrim places in North Kerala is the Parassinikkadavu Sree Muthappan temple, situated 14 km away from Kannurtown, a pilgrim place of Hindus. Most of the pilgrim places in Kerala are unique with their ‘prasadams’. The production of such prasadams provides employment opportunities. It requires the services of skilled persons. All these places require accommodation and transportation facilities. It also requires the services of guides, where the tourists do not know about the customs and conditions prevailing in various temples. Certain items are necessary for the operations of each

Cultural and Heritage Tourism:

The temple of Sri. Padmanabha Swamy (Bhagwan ) which was rebuilt by Raja Marthandavarma in 1733 AD with its magnificent gopuram of seven storied heights was deity of the state. Its historical background also is an important factor which has given it special gravity. Besides these there are other attractions too, such as , Sri Chithra Art Gallery, Natural History Museum, Science and Technology Museum, Museum Art Gallery and Zoo in Thiruvananthapuram, the political capital of Kerala.

Cochin has a rich combination of Jewish Synagogue, Dutch architecture, some mosques, temples and . All represent different culture and history. The Jewish Synagogue was built in 1568AD in Mattanchery. The Great scrolls of the old testaments, the copper plates in which the grants of privilege made by the Cochin rulers

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 14

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

were recorded and the exquisite Chinese hand printed tiles are antiquities of interest. All tiles are unique in design no two are similar and over 200 years old. There are five silver and gold crowns which were gifted to the synagogue by various patrons.

Mattancheriy Palace was built in 1555 AD by Portuguese and presented to the Cochin Raja. In 1663 the Dutch repaired. There is a portrait gallery of Cochin Rajas, many rooms with murals on , made in the 17th century. The manmade island Wellingdon, the Bolghatty Island with Dutch made palace and the Gundu islands are attractive for tourists. Alleppy, 60km from Cochin, is full of canals, waterways and temples. There is famous snake temple. There are at least4000 granite stone snake idols. The active people of Kerala, their festivals, cultural activities, etc are also added attractions in themselves. The tourism calendar of Kerala begins with , the harvest festival occurs in August — September. The state Govt. now celebrates it as tourism week. During Onam festival Kerala celebrates six months long Nrithotsavam from October. Dance programmes are organized by the Tourism Dept. The main attractions of Kerala are socio-culturalin nature. There are many important temples in Kerala of religious importance.There are about a dozen cave temples in the state. The main temples are Kaviyoor, Kottakal, Thrivikramangalam, Padmanabhaswami in Trivandrum, Bhagwati in Kodungalloor, Guruvayoor, etc. Each of these temples is maintaining their own peculiar traditions from centuries.

Different fairs and festivals attract a large number of people. The Kerala Kalamandalam in Cheruthuruthi founded and nurtured by the great poet of Kerala,Vallathol, which is one of the important places of cultural tourism.

Vallathol Narayana Menon was a literary giant of great gifis and rare poetic insights. Kerala Kalamandalam is an academy to revive Kerala’s theatrical and temple arts. , Kerala’s own dance system is taught here. Mohini Attom, another of

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 15

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

Kerala's native art forms can also see here. The cultural tourism provides employment to musicians and artists which are seasonal in nature. The art galleries and museums require the services of many professionally qualified persons. Boarding and lodging are necessary for the tourists which provide job opportunities. The manufacturing and sale of handycraft products are another area of employment related with cultural tourism. It uses the local resources like the waste of , etc. This type of industry requires less amount of capital. The tourist polices can help the tourists in these areas by providing protection and guidance.

Ecotourism:

Kerala is a small state bounded by Eastern high lands and endless water body of Arabian Sea on the west. The different elements of ecological phenomena are interrelated. The in Kerala begins with the establishment of Thenmala Ecotourism, the India’s first planned ecotourism destination. Ecotourism is tourism with a commitment to earth. Thenmala Ecotourism envisages three components, i.e, Eco- friendly general tourism, Ecotourism and Pilgrimage tourism. There are facilities for boating in wildlife sanctuary. There is a deer rehabilitation center. The National Adventure Foundation conducts so trekking programmes and night camps for one to three days in Thenmala. An eco-pilgrimage circuit connecting three Ayyappa temples at Kualthupuzha, Aryankavu and Achankoil is possible from Thenmala. Now the Govt. has decided to promote ecotourism in Paithal mala of district, which is a place suitable for adventure tourism. The services of tourist polices are most useful in the place of adventure tourism.

Accommodations which do not destroy the natural beauty are one of the peculiarities of ecotourism. This requires the services of specialized persons. The security guards can play an important role in adventure tourism.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 16

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

Coastal Tourism (Beach Tourism):

Being a coastal state with a coastline of about 575km, the sea played an important role in shaping the . The sea facilitates connections with many western countries. Kovalam, the celebrate beach resort, is situated in Trivandrum district. It is one of the finest beaches in the world. The sea lying at the foot of rocky promontory is like a placid pond during the season when anyone may bath in safety. Veli, near Trivandrum, is a lake ideal for boating. It is arural area and visitors can take a good look around to Kerala life in a natural setting. The Papanasini beach in Varkala is known for its springs and rocky cliffs. is a lovely beach bordering Vypeen island is ideal for swimming. Dolphins are occasionally seen here. Kappad beach in is where Vascode Gama had landed in 1698AD. The legends woven around its historic origins and traditions cast a mystical spell on this beach. fort in is a classical beautiful palm fi-inged beach. beach is protected by black rocks and makes it swimmer’s paradise. This is Kerala’sonly drive in beach where you can drive down the entire length of 4km. Thepayyambalam beach in Kannur also attracts many visitors. The life guards arethe persons who will help the tourists when they fall in the sea. These persons are specialized in swimming. It provides employment opportunities in beeches. Guides and tourist polices can also help the tourists in beeches. Accommodation with the facility to see sunrise and sunset are more preferable to the tourists. It will provide employment to many people in the locality

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 17

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

Serious Tourism

Serious tourism means making arrangements for the meeting of big business corporates. There are event management group who provide all facilities for the conduct of conferences and seminars. They manage the meetings and conferences as per the requirements of the business units. The meetings may be at the Kettuvellam (Conference on Wave) or at the Vehicle (Conference on Wheels).Here the event management group arranges all facilities for the conferences inside the or vehicle. The participants of the meeting can enjoy the spirit of back water without spending more time. Many of the foreign companies prefer Kerala as destination for their conferences.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 18

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TOURISM IN MALAPPURAM

The hilly district of Malappuram falls among the northern districts in the state of Kerala. Closely bordered by the mountain ranges of the Western Ghats on its east, and flanked by the Arabian Sea on the West, Malappuram has an eventful history with the of Kozhikode ruling the region for a significant period in the past. The district has also witnessed several local uprisings against the British rule, and was once a prominent center for Hindu-Vedic learning and Islamic philosophy. Historic monuments, natural attractions, ritual art forms, ethnic cuisine and age-old traditions make Malappuram a unique destination for travelers.

The District Tourism Promotion Council (DTPC) is set up with the purpose of fully exploiting the tourism potential of the State through sustained efforts by coordinating various Government departments, voluntary agencies and others interested in travel and tourism. The climate of the region is moderate and suitable for sightseeing.

The dominance of Muslim population has given rise to a spectacular food culture in the district which combines Arabic and traditional Kerala flavors. The natural beauty, eventful history, exotic cuisines of Malappuram caters to the travel expectations of nature enthusiast, history lovers and foodies alike.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 19

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

PROSPECTS OF ECO-TOURISM IN NILAMBUR

Nilambur is an integral part of Nilagiri biosphere, where includes Wayanad and Bandhipur forest area. This area is blessed with diversity of vegetation and wildlife. Rare and butterflies are the attraction for tourist and scientific researchers to this dreamland. Nilambur has its prestigious place in the tourism route map ages back.

There are further concrete evidences which prove integral relationship with nature, now the place has the inerasable reputation for the most ancient plantation of the world‘ he Connolly who was the former collector planted it during the British region. He was a lover of nature and much to his credit this place still remembers Connolly’s plot. Yet another enchanting forest resort waits for visitors. Nedumkayam, situated in forest range will prove the fantasy to any newcomer. Along with historic movements and diverse natural attractions, 3 range of cultural and ritual art forms add to this values as a destination worth visiting.

The major tourist centers are;

° ° CONNOLYS PLOT ° ADYAN PARA ° NEDUMKAYAM ° KAKKADANPOYIL

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 20

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TOURISM IN NILAMBUR

Nilambur is a municipality and a Taluk in the Malappuram district of the Indian state of Kerala. It is located close to the Nilgiris range of the WesternGhats on the banks of the River. It is about 40 kilometers fromMalappuram city and 24 kilometers from on the Kozhikode—Gudalurroad called CNG road (Calicut-Nilambur— Gudallur road).

Nilambur attracts tourists because of the variety of its forests that contain bamboo, teak, rosewood, etc

Banglavumkunnu is a place located in Nilambur where the DFO, under colonial India, in 1929, built a Sightseeing bun glow. The main idea of the building was to see the approach of the Tippu sultan's army via Naadukaanichuram. The huge bungalow is situated at the centre of the Nilambur forest near the Chaliyar River.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 21

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

THE VARIOUS TOURIST LOCATIONS IN

NILAMBUR:

TEAK MUSEUM

Teak museum is located about 4 km from the town of Nilambur, on the Nilambur- Gudallur route. The museum is also popular for being the world’ s first teak museum where visitors can get all possible information related to teak trees. This museum was established by the Kerala Forest Research Institute, in coordination with the Kerala Forest Department. Information related to different aspects of the teak tree, including cultural, historic, aesthetic and scientific information, are available in the museum.

The museum consists of paintings of some of the oldest teak trees in the region; and the entrance door of the museum is also made of teak wood. The oldest teak tree in the region, is named as Kannimara. One of the most important features of the museum is the root system of a mature teak tree, which is also very popular among visitors. Visitors will also find small replicas and miniatures of ships and small boats, made of wood. Within the museums, logs of 116 year old trees are also kept in proper condition. The Teak Museum also consists of a library where literature related to teak wood is available.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 22

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

THE TEAK PLANTATION CONOLLYS PLOT

The teak plantation, which is also known by the name of Connolly's Plot, is a vast plot that extends over a total area of 2.31 hectares. This plot has been named a fire H.V. Connolly, who was the collector of the region during the British rule. He played a main role in developing teak plantations all over the region around Nilambur, with assistance from a forest officer by the name of Shri ChanthuMenon, who was his subordinate.

This teak plantation was established in between the years 1842 to 1844,which is why it is also popular as the world’s first teak plantation. The plot is also popular for one of the oldest teak trees still standing. Shri Chanthu Menon is said to have been buried near the teak garden as a matter of respect.

THE HANGING BRIDGE

To reach Connolly’s Plot, you have to walk through a long hanging bridge over River Chaliyar. The suspension bridge, just over 140 feet, is the largest of its kind in Kerala. Needless to say, the bridge sways when people walk on it

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 23

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

ADYANPARA WATERFALLS

Adyanpara is cascading waterfall in the Kurumbalangode village of Nilambur thaluk in kerala, India. It is 14 km away from Nilambur town. This is a seasonal waterfall. During summers, water flow is low and is not suggested to visit the waterfalls. This waterfall is natural cascading style as the water fall descends over the rock.

Tourism Department is trying to protect the nature a beauty of the place Adyanpara. As part of the “Clean destination Project” of tourism department, Kudumbasree workers are employed there to clean the place. The 3.5 megawatt hydro—electric project has been set up at Kanjirappuzhanear Adyampara water falls in Nilambur. It is opened for visitors recently.

The average number of visitors is 120 per day and an approximate figure of 43950 per year.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 24

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

NEDUMKAYAM

Located about 18 km from Nilambur in Malappuram district is the Nedumkayam rain forest. This is one of the beautiful and dense forests in Kerala with a splendid variety of flora and fauna. An integral part of Nilagiri biosphere reserve, this area is ideal for trekking. The wooden rest house built here by the British, offers a panoramic view of elephants and deers gracing in the forest nearby. As elephant taming centre which attracts visitors from all climes is also there.

The bridge built in 1933 by British stills attracts the visitors. Heavy restrictions are imposed as a measure to save the existing forest land. One has to obtain prior permission from the forest department of entering the forest zone.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 25

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

CENTRAL FOREST NURSERY

One of the four central forest nurseries present in Kerala, is the Central Forest Nursery, which was established during the year 1997, by the Kerala Forest Department. Some of the important species of plantations found here include eucalyptus, teak, acacia etc. Production here, is in large quantities in the form of root trainer seedlings and rooted cuttings.

ARUVACODE: LAND OF POTTERS AND POTTERY WORKS

A small village located near the region of Nilambur, is Aruvacode, which is very popular for its work related to pottery. The village is inhabited by traditional potters, but because of the increasing use of substitutes, they are slowly giving up the art.

The traditional artisan community called Kumbham, was also formed here to explore the possibilities of pottery. Kumbham products are very popular in the region of Kerala. K B Jinan, an activist cum designer intervened. He initiated Kumbham handicraft project which became a creative inspiration for the skilled artisans. People at Aruvakkode became innovative at transforming clay to a wide range of useful products. From their imagination, murals to mirror frames were born out of clay. The pottery village is one of the rare examples where an isolated community of traditional producers has succeeded against the onslaught of Globalization.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 26

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

KOVILAKOMS: THE RESIDENCE OF LOCAL RAJAS

Kovilakom (also Kovilakam) is the residence of the erstwhile local rulers, Nilambur Rajas. Kovilakom is just on the outskirts of town, only a few hundred metres from Government hospital.

Rajas, the admin representatives of the main king, of Calicut, ruled the region for hundreds of years.

Kovilakom is the by the side of River Chaliyar. There are severalresidences inside a large two storied gate where the descendents of the rulerslive. Some of them are ancestral buildings in traditional Kerala architecturewhile others are modern buildings.

In the vicinity is Vettakkorumakan temple, a 200 year old shrine, dedicatedto Lord Siva in his Kiratha (tribal) fonn. The six day festival (PattuUlsavam) heldannually at the temple is an important event in local social life.

KAKKADAMPOYIL

This hilly retreat, about 24 kms from Nilambur, puts on a misty covernow and then. The views are great when the mist is not too near. There are some good trekking spots. One such location is Kozhippara waterfall, where you can have a dip in the water and trek alongside the stream.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 27

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

CHAPTER 3

DATA ANALYSIS

AND

INTERPRETATION

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 28

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.1

AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS

Age wise Below 31-40 41-50 51-60 Above Total classification 30 Years Years Years Years

Years

Total number 19 6 2 2 1 30

Percentage 63.3 20 6.7 6.7 3.3 100

Figure 3.1

70 63.3% 60 50 40 30 20% 20 6.7% 6.7% 10 3.3% 0 Below 30 Years 31 -40 Years 41 -50 Years 51 -60 Years Above Years

Percentage (%)

Interpretation

Table 3.1 show that age of 63.3% of tourists are below 30yrs, 20% of tourist is between 31-40 years and only 6.7% of tourist is between 41-50 yrs and 6.7% are between 51-60 years and tourist above 60 yrs are 3.3%

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 29

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.2

EDUCATION WISE CLASSIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS

Educational qualification Total numbers Percentage

Degree 15 50

Diploma 4 13.3

Post graduate 6 20

Other 5 16.7

Total 30 100 Figure 3.2

Percentage

50

0

Degree Percentage Diploma Post graduate Other

Graph showing education wide classification of respondent

Interpretation

Table 3.2 shows that education wise classification of respondents out of which 50% are degree holders, 13.3% are diploma holders, 20% are post graduate and 16.7 are no t qualified in mentioned head

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 30

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.3

TYPE OF TOURISM WHICH RESPONDENT LIKE

Beach Wild Life Health Eco Total Types Other Tourism Tourism Tourism Tourism

Total 7 11 1 10 1 30 Numbers

Percentage 23.3 36.7 3.3 33.4 3.3 100

Figure 3.3

36.7% 40 33.4% 30 23.3% 20 10 3.3% 3.3% 0 Beach Wild Life Health Eco Tourism Other Tourism Tourism Tourism

Column1 Percentage

Graph showing type of tourism which respondent like

Interpretation

Table 3.3 shows type of tourism which respondents like out of which 23.3% like beach tourism, 36.7% like wild life tourism 3.3% like health tourism 33.4% like eco tourism and 3.3% like other tourism

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 31

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.4

AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION REGARDING THE TOURIST PLACE

Way Internet Book Newspaper Friends other Total magazine

Total 3 2 10 10 5 30 numbers

Percentage 10 6.7 33.3 33.3 16.7 100

Figure 3.4

Total numbers

7% 17% 10%

33% 33%

Chart showing sources of information relied by tourists to get information

Interpretation

Table 3.4 show 10% of customer prefer internet, 6.7% of customers prefer books and magazines and 33.3% from friends and 33.3% from newspaper and 16.7% other. For get ting information regarding tourist places

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 32

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.5

OPINION ABOUT THE INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

Opinion V Good Good Average Poor V poor Total

Total number 9 12 4 5 0 30

Percentage 30 40 13.3 16.7 0 100

Figure 3.5

45 40 40 35 30 30 25 20 16.7 15 13.3 10 5 0 0 V Good Good Average Poor V poor

Percentage

Graph showing the opinion about the infrastructure facilities

Interpretation

Table 3.5 shows opinion about the infrastructure facilities in Nilambur tourist areas 30% have very good opinion and 40% have good 13.3% have average opinion and 16.7% have poor opinion

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 33

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.6

ROLE OF DTPC FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AREA

Satisfactio Highly Satisfied Average Dissatisfie Highly Total n satisfaction d dissatisfied

Total 7 5 3 10 5 30 numbers

Percentage 23.3 16.7 10 33.3 16.7 100

Figure 3.6

23.3 33.3 40 16.7 10 20 16.7

0

Highly Satisfied satisfaction Average Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied

Column1 Percentage

Graph showing the role of DTPC for the development of area

Interpretation

Table 3.6 show the role of DTPC in the development of areas in N ilambur. From this 23.3% of people are highly satisfied, 16.7% are satisfied, 10% are average 10 are dissatisfied and 16.6% are highly dissatisfied.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 34

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.7

COOPERATION OF PEOPLE WITH TOUR IST

Type Good Average Poor Total

Total number 18 9 3 30

Percentage 60 30 10 100

Figure 3.7

60 60 50 40 30 30 20 10 10 0 Good Average Poor

Percentage

The above graph show the cooperation of local people with tourists

Interpretation

Table 3.7 shows the opinion of the tourists towards the cooperation extended by the local people. About 60% of respondent have good opinion good, 30% of respondent have average opinion 10% of respondent have poor opinion

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 35

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.8

SAFETY MEASURES TAKEN IN THE PLACE

Level Secure Not sere insecure Total

Total numbers 17 10 3 30

Percentage 56.7 33.3 10 100

Figure 3.8

Sales

Secure Not sere insecure

10%

33% 57%

Graph showing the safety measures taken in the places

Interpretation

Table 3.8 shows the safety measures taken in the place. about 56.7% of people said they feel secure and 33.3% people said they are not sure and 10% of people said insecure

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 36

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.9

AVAILABILITY OF GUIDE

Satisfactory Good Average Poor Total

Total number 8 10 12 30

Percentage 26.7 33.3 40 100

Figure 3.9

40

40 33.3 35 26 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Good Average Poor

Percentage

Graph showing the satisfaction level of tourists for the guide facility

Interpretation

From the table 3.9 it shows that 26.7% are satisfied, 33.3% of tourist have an average satisfaction and 40% of tourists are not satisfied with guide facility

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 37

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.10

SATISFACTION LEVEL OF SECURITY MEASURES PROVIDED TO THE TOURISTS

Satisfaction Good Average Poor Total

Total number 6 12 12 30

Percentage 20 40 40 100

Figure 3.10

40 40 40 35 30 25 20 20 15 10 5 0 Good Average Poor

Percentage

Graph showing satisfaction level of security measures provided to the tourists

Interpretation

According to the survey conducted 40% of the tourist are not satisfied with the security measures, 40% of the tourists have an average satisfaction and 20% are satisfied with the security measures

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 38

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.11

OPINION ABOUT THE ENTRY FEE CHARGED

Opinion High Medium Low Total

Total number 8 18 4 30

Percentage 26.7 60 13.3 100

Figure 3.11

Percentage

60

26.7

13.3

High Medium Low

Graph showing the opinion about the entry fees charged

Interpretation

From the table 3.11 shown above state that about 60% of tourist are having an average opinion about the entry fees, 26.7% of tourist says high fees and 13.3 % of tourists say low entry fees

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 39

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

TABLE 3.12

OPINION REGARDING THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE

Condition V Good Good Average Poor V poor Total

Total number 4 15 6 3 2 30

Percentage 13.3 50 20 10 6.7 100

Figure 3.12

V poor Poor 7% 10% V Good 13%

Average 20%

Good 50%

Above graph shows opinion of tourist regarding food and beverage

Interpretation

The above table 3.12 shows that 13.3% of tourists have very good opinion about the facility provided to them, 50% of tourists have good opinion regarding food beverage, 20% have average opinion, 10% of tourists have poor opinion and 6.7% have very poor about the food and beverage.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 40

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

CHAPTER 4

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS

AND

CONCLUSION

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 41

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

4.1FINDINGS

1. From the study conducted, the most number of tourist are below the age of 30 and the least is 3.3% i.e. above the age of 60 2. From the survey 66.7% male,33.3% female 3. In the study married people like eco-tourism (36.7%)and the least selection is found to be health tourism 4. Tourists like wild life tourism(36.7%) the most and the least selection is found to be health tourism 5. ABOUT 96.7% are having good opinion regarding eco-friendly features in Nilambur 6. More information regarding the place is obtained from newspapers and friends 7. Nilambur has great tourism potentials. But the absence of adequate infrastructure facility is the main problem faced by most of the tourist place in Nilambur 8. People of Nilambur have good cooperation with the tourists 9. The security measures provided to the tourists is not satisfactory 40% of tourist are not satisfied 10. It is found that most of the customers are not satisfied with the assistance provided by DTPC so it is necessary to provide information to the tourists by DTPC. 11. Tourists have only average opinion about the guide facility .40% of tourists are not satisfied with guide facility

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 42

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

4.2 SUGGESTIONS

1. Tourism department should take necessary actions to develop the transportation facility to Nilambur area 2. It is necessary to improve arrangement for providing food to visitors in tourist locations 3. To make arrangement for rest house facility in the tourist places 4. DTPC should open a tourist information center at; Nilambur 5. Tourism department should take remedial action to maintain tourist places as neat and clean and also make a “plastic zone” 6. Appoint more guides in tourist places in Nilambur area 7. Proper awareness programmes should be arranged to guide the tourists 8. In order to avoid accidents in tourist spot, Tourism department should be fixed danger signals board and appoint more trained security guards in concerned spot 9. Tourism department should give publicity about tourist places.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 43

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

4.3 CONCLUSION

Nilambur, the beautiful town in Malappuram district is always stores for its visitors .Thick rain forest, wild forest, wild life and waterfalls make these place as a unique tourist destination in Kerala. The extensively forested land is well known kanoli plot, the world’s oldest teak plantation and bamboos. The teak museum in nilambur is the only one of its kind in the world. Rare birds and butteries attract for tourists and scientific researches to their dream land Adyanpara in Kurumbalagodu village is famous for its waterfall and splendor of lush jungles, Nedumkayam.

Nedumkayam Is one of the beautiful and dense forest in Kerala with splendid of flora and fauna. But government will not give attention for the development of these places. The transportation facility available from Nilambur to Adyanpara is very poor .so the tourist may not visit these beautiful waterfalls. In the case of Nedumkayam the transportation facility is somewhat good. But tourism infrastructure is very poor. So tourism department should take remedial actions for the development of these tourist destinations in Nilambur and also give publicity about tourist places. The Nilambur can contribute much more to Kerala tourism through these tourist destinations.

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 44

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

APPENDIX

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 45

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

QUESTIONAIRE

Dear sir/madam

I am MOHAMMED AJMAL V currently pursuing my 3rdsem Ambedkar College of Arts and Science Wandoor. I am conducting “A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS ANDPROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM IN NILAMBUR (MALAPPURAMDISTRICTS)”. As a part on my curriculum I request you to fill up this questionnaire as the information provided by you will be extremely helpful in conducting this research. The information provided by you will be kept confidential

1. NAME:

2. AGE: Below 30 31-40 41-50 51-60

3. GENDER: MALE FEMALE

4. OCCUPATION: GOVT Employee

Pvt Employee

Business

Student

Any other

5. EDUCATION: Degree Post graduation diploma

6. NATIONALITY: INDIAN FOREIGN

7. MARITIAL STATUS: Single Married

8. Are you interested in Eco- tourism? Yes no

9. Which type of tourism you most like?

Beach tourism wild life tourism Health tourism co-tourism

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 46

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

10. Do you like Nilambur as a tourist place? YES NO

11. How did you come to know about this place?

Internet Book and magazines Friends newspaper

Television

12. Do you consider the place to be eco-friendly? Yes no

13. What is your opinion on infrastructure facilities?

Good V good Average poor

14. Are you satisfied with service provided by DTPC?

Highly satisfied satisfied average dissatisfied

15. How do you rate the friendly nature of people in Nilambur?

Good average poor

16. How secure you feel in our area?

Secure not secure insecure

17. Which is the favorite location you like the most at nilambur?

Teak museum Attiyanpara kerala kundu canolly plot

Tk colony

18. Why do you like the above marked spot most?

Beautiful scenery s cenery atmosphere calm environment

19. Are you satisfied with the guide facility available here?

Good Average poor

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 47

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

20. Please rate the security measure provided to the tourist here?

Good Average poor

21. What is your opinion about the parking facility in here?

Good Average poor

22. What is your opinion about the entry fee charged at the tour location in Nilambur

Yes no at some place

23. Please rate the condition of resting places provided to you?

V Good Good average poor

24. Give your suggestions if any

 …………………………………………………………… ……………………………..  …………………………………………………………… …………………………......  ……………………………………………………………

Thank you for your time you have spent in completing

This questionnaire

NAME:

INVESTIGATOR:

SIGNATURE:

(BCOM 6 TH SEMESTER)

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 48

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

BIBLIOGRAPHY

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 49

A STUDY ABOUT PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF KERALA TOURISM 2018 2018

BOOKS

‹ PRAVEEN SETHI (1999) :NATURE AND SCOPE OF TOURISMPUBLISHED BY RAJAT PUBLICATIONS ‹ BHA'HA A.K : TOURISM MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING ‹ SETH RABINDRA AND GUPTHA (2005) TOURISM IN INDIAPUBLISHED BY KALPAZ PUBLICATION

MAGAZINES

‹ TOURISM VOGUE ‹ KERALA CALLING ‹ KERALA TOURISM MAGAZINE

WEBSITES

‹ WWW.KERALATOIURISM.ORG ‹ W WW. Incredible India ‹ www.nilambur.com ‹ Www.kfri.org

AMBEDKAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, WANDOOR 50