Basic Math Review
NEWCOLORs_basic_math_rev 3/31/08 3:52 PM Page 1 Basic Math Review Key Words and Symbols Integers (continued) Fractions (continued) Rates, Ratios, Proportions, The following words and symbols are used for the and Percents MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING WITH NEGATIVES operations listed. # Equivalent fractions are found by multiplying the numerator -a b =-ab and denominator of the fraction by the same number. In the RATES AND RATIOS Addition previous example, - # - = A rate is a comparison of two quantities with different units. Numbers Important Properties Sum, total, increase, plus a b ab # # - 2 2 4 8 1 1 3 3 For example, a car that travels 110 miles in 2 hours is mov- a = a = = and = = . addend addend = sum # # ing at a rate of 110 miles/2 hours or 55 mph. NATURAL NUMBERS PROPERTIES OF ADDITION -b b 3 3 4 12 4 4 3 12 Subtraction a A ratio is a comparison of two quantities with the same {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …} Identity Property of Zero: a + 0 = a -a , b =- Difference, decrease, minus b MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING FRACTIONS units. For example, a class with 23 students has a WHOLE NUMBERS Inverse Property: a + -a = 0 When multiplying and dividing fractions, a common student–teacher ratio of 23:1 or23 . 1 2 minuend subtrahend = difference Some examples: 1 denominator is not needed. To multiply, take the product {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …} + = + Multiplication - # =- Commutative Property: a b b a 3 5 15 of the numerators and the product of the denominators: PROPORTIONS Product, of, times -7 -6 = 42 # INTEGERS Associative Property: a + b + c = a + b + c 1 21 2 a # c a c ac A proportion is a statement in which two ratios or rates are 1 2 1 2 * # - - = = = {…, Ϫ3, Ϫ2, Ϫ1, 0, 1, 2, …} a b, a b, a b , ab 24 8 3 # equal.
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