Ethnopharmacological Study of Medicinal Plants Sold in Some
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2019; 7(5): 13-22 ISSN (E): 2320-3862 ISSN (P): 2394-0530 Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants NAAS Rating: 3.53 JMPS 2019; 7(5): 13-22 sold in some markets in Haut-Sassandra (Central- © 2019 JMPS Received: 07-07-2019 West, Côte d’Ivoire) Accepted: 10-08-2019 Abba P Obouayeba Laboratory of Agrovalorisation, Abba P Obouayeba, Allali E Koffi, Djako ST Akré, Kouamé A N’guessan, UFR Agroforestry, Jean Bognan AAJ Ackah, Tanoh H Kouakou and Jean D N’guessan Lorougnon Guédé University, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire Abstract Allali E Koffi The Haut-Sassandra region in west-central Côte d’Ivoire provides a significant share of domestic Laboratory of Agrovalorisation, production of food and export products. The local population responsible for this production is generally UFR Agroforestry, Jean treated with medicinal plants for various reasons. It became important to know the pathologies affecting Lorougnon Guédé University, this population and the plants used to treat them. Thus, an ethnopharmacological survey was conducted BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire among 100 people in four localities (Daloa, Gonaté, Guessabo and Zoukougbeu). The procedure adopted in this study was a semi-directive interview based on a pre-elaborated questionnaire. The Djako ST Akré ethnopharmacological fact sheet consists of two main parts. The first relates to socio-demographic Laboratory of Agrovalorisation, information about the respondent. The second part concerns the botanical and pharmacological UFR Agroforestry, Jean characteristics of the plants surveyed. The majority of women herbalists (97%) are between 41 and 50 Lorougnon Guédé University, years old. The vast majority of herbalists have no grade level (97%) and 78% are married. The medicinal BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire plants used in Haut-Sassandra, the trees are mostly (76%) and the leaves are the most used organs (51%). Kouamé A N’guessan The decoction is the most used method (71%) and the drink (45%) dominates the other routes of Laboratory of Agrovalorisation, administration. In addition, malaria treated conditions are the most cited (24.54%). Fifty-three (53) UFR Agroforestry, Jean medicinal species were identified belonging to 35 families and that of Rubiaceae is more represented Lorougnon Guédé University, (7.40%). 30% of medicinal plants have various pharmacological properties in the literature. Finally, this BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire study shows that traditional medicine really contributes to the health care of the population and deserves to be accompanied. The identified medicinal plants will guide future research into natural substances for Bognan AAJ Ackah the development of improved traditional medicines. Laboratory of Agrovalorisation, UFR Agroforestry, Jean Keywords: Medicinal plants, Ethnopharmacology, Haut-Sassandra, Côte d’Ivoire Lorougnon Guédé University, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire 1. Introduction Tanoh H Kouakou For centuries and even millennia, man has used plants to relieve pain, heal ailments and heal Laboratory of Biology and wounds. From generation to generation, he transmitted simple knowledge and experiences, Improvement of Plant striving when he could to record them in writing. Thus, even now, despite the progress of Productions, UFR Sciences of modern medicine, the therapeutic use of medicinal plants is very present in some countries of Nature, Nangui Abrogoua University, 02 BP 801 Abidjan the world and especially in developing countries, in the absence of a modern medical system [1] 02, Côte d’Ivoire . Indeed, there are about 500,000 plant species on earth, of which 80,000 have medicinal properties [2]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in [3], more than 80 % of Jean D N’guessan the world’s population relies on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs [4]. Laboratory of Biochemical Several plants can be used in the treatment of many pathologies that range from simple Pharmacodynamy, UFR Biosciences, Félix Houphouet- digestive disorders to treatments for chronic diseases such as cancer, ulcer, diabetes, kidney [5-7] Boigny University, 22 BP 582 stones . Medicinal plants are a valuable resource for the vast majority of rural populations Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire in Africa, where more than 80 % of this population uses them for health care [8, 9]. In Côte d’Ivoire, the work carried out on medicinal plants is numerous and varied. This work focused on the pharmacological properties as well as the phytochemical study of plants from [10-12] the Ivorian pharmacopoeia . These data on medicinal plants have, on the one hand, made it possible to explain their therapeutic action and, on the other hand, to confirm the usefulness of their uses in traditional medicine. However, the region of Daloa, in the Central-West of Correspondence Côte d’Ivoire, remains poorly studied in terms of the place of traditional medicine in the life of Abba P Obouayeba the population. This population faces many recurring diseases and the high cost of health care Laboratory of Agrovalorisation, [13, 14] UFR Agroforestry, Jean offered by modern health centers, leads the population to resort to traditional medicine . Lorougnon Guédé University, These diseases, which can be fatal, are poorly documented and the medicinal plants involved BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire in their treatment are not well known, as the work of Koulibaly et al. [7]. These facts are at the ~ 13 ~ Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies http://www.plantsjournal.com origin of this investigation which is part of the general the respondent. The second part concerns the botanical and objective of the valorisation of medicinal plants from the pharmacological characteristics of the plants surveyed. The Ivorian pharmacopoeia. Thus, an ethnopharmacological study survey began on october 27, 2018 and ended on january 28, of medicinal plants sold in some markets in Haut-Sassandra 2019. It involved 100 people (herbalists, tradipraticians). was carried out with this in mind. 2.6. Data processing and analysis 2. Materials and methods On the basis of the survey sheets, the variables were drawn 2.1. Type of study up, in particular the profile of each respondent (sex, age, level It was an ethnopharmacological survey. It was done through a of study, etc.). So, we were able to characterize the traders in two-part fact sheet. The first part related to socio- our study area. For each plant, the data collected included the demographic information (age, sex, family status, level of vernacular name, scientific name, morphological type, organ education). The second part related to botanical characteristics used, method of preparation, mode of administration and (vernacular name, morphological type, preparation of drug disease treated. For this study, the Microsoft office 2016 recipes). (Word, Excel), basic software for calculations and data entry was used. 2.2. Presentation of the study area Located in central-western Côte d'Ivoire, the Haut-Sassandra 3. Results region covers an area of 15,205 km². It is limited as follows: 3.1. Socio-demographic characteristics to the north, the Worodougou region; to the east, the 3.1.1. Marketing of medicinal plants by sex Marahoué region; to the south, the Fromager and Bas- The marketing of medicinal plants (Figure 2) in the Haut- Sassandra regions; to the west, the Montagnes and Moyen- Sassandra region is carried out by both sexes with a large Cavally regions. The average annual temperature is 26 °C, female dominance (97 %) compared to (3 %) in the male sex. with average rainfall around 1 276 mm per year [15]. This region has many advantages not only for food production, but 3.1.2. Marketing of medicinal plants by age also for marketing. The Haut-Sassandra region is the The marketing of medicinal plants in the Haut-Sassandra country’s second-largest cocoa production area and first- region is spread over all age groups, with a predominance largest coffee producer [16]. The region presents itself as the among people aged 41 to 50 years with (51 %). However, for second pioneering front in the production of these crops [17]. the age group 31-40, the rate is (39 %) and for the age group The region is home to the town of Daloa, the capital of the 51-60 (6 %), and (4 %) for the age group 20-30 (Figure 3). region and the third largest city in the country, which has a large urban population. It contains several ethnic groups 3.1.3. Marketing of medicinal plants by level of study representative of the West African sub-region dominated by The vast majority of herbalists have no formal education (97 the Bété indigenous ethnic group. Survey sites included %) followed by primary (2 %) and secondary (1 %) as shown Daloa, Gonaté, Guessabo and Zoukougbeu (Figure 1). in figure 4. 2.3. Fact sheet 3.1.4. Marketing of plants according to marital status The material used in this ethnopharmacological study is a fact These results show that the majority of medicinal plants are sheet with questions that allowed us to collect information marketed by married people (78 %) versus single people (22 about people (tradipraticians, herbalists) and medicinal plants. %) as shown in figure 5. These plants have been identified at the Laboratory of Agricultural Production Improvement of UFR Agroforestery 3.2. Botanical characteristics of medicinal plants at the Jean Lorougnon Guédé University of Daloa (Côte 3.2.1. Morphological types d’Ivoire). Among the medicinal plants used in the Haut-Sassandra region, the vast majority of trees are 76 % compared to other 2.4. Study population species, 11 % of shrubs, 7 % of vines and 6 % of herbs, The people interviewed during our study were herbalists and respectively (Figure 6). tradipraticians who were 100. These people gave us socio- demographic and botanical information. 3.2.2. Organs of plants used The active ingredients can be found in different parts of 2.5. Methods medicinal plants (leaves, flowers, roots, bark, fruits, stems, The Daloa region contains forests in the mesophilic sector of rhizomes, etc.).