DOCSLIB.ORG

A Brief Analysis of Translation Errors in Subtitle of the Movie the Wandering Earth

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Brief Analysis of Translation Errors in Subtitle of the Movie the Wandering Earth ISSN 1923-1555[Print] Studies in Literature and Language ISSN 1923-1563[Online] Vol. 19, No. 1, 2019, pp. 60-64 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/11188 www.cscanada.org A Brief Analysis of Translation Errors in Subtitle of the Movie The Wandering Earth LI Lijun[a],*; LIANG Yali[b] [a]Professor, School of Foreign Language, North China Electric Power become more and more powerful, which has been University, Beijing, China. welcomed by foreign audiences and also provides a boost [b]Postgraduate. School of Foreign Language, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China. for the construction of national cultural soft power. New * Corresponding author. developments have taken place in the international market Supported by Construction of high-quality lesson “Pragmatic and the commercial value of Chinese movies has tended to Translation”, Project No. XM1703201, and “Special Fund for Beijing increase, especially in the field of science fiction movies. Common Construction Project”. Recently, the film The Wandering Earth, starring actor Received 15 April 2019; accepted 9 July 2019 Wu Jing, has not only won high praise, but also become Published online 26 August 2019 a big winner of the Spring Festival movies in China. This film has become an important factor in promoting the Abstract development of China’s science fiction film industry and In recent years, film industry of China has developed has been put on the international screen. The film shows rapidly. There have been a lot of high-quality movies concern for the great history of mankind, which combines which enter into the international market. Therefore, science, the common concern of mankind, the common subtitle translation is so crucial to win more overseas feeling of mankind, the ethical consciousness and values audiences to effectively disseminate Chinese culture of the Chinese people together well. It has led our film and display the soft power of China. This paper industry to a higher level of development either in art or takes the Chinese and English subtitles of the Movie in the industrial production of the whole film. The Wandering Earth as the research object. It Such an excellent science fiction film is also puts forward three categories of translation errors popular abroad and wins a good reputation. Therefore, according to Nord’s theory and analyzes the examples translation of the subtitles of the film plays a very of translation errors in the movie in order to provide important role. However, many foreign audiences references for movie subtitle translation. comment that there are many problems and errors in the translation of subtitles after watching the film, which Movie subtitle translation; Translation Key words: not only affects their understanding of the film but also errors; The Wandering Earth causes some ambiguities. Therefore, the author thinks it is very necessary to do such a case study to analyze Li, L. J., & Liang, Y. L. (2019). A Brief Analysis of Translation subtitle translation errors in order to illustrate that our Errors in Subtitle of the Movie The Wandering Earth. Studies in Literature and Language, 19(1), 60-64. Available from: film subtitle translation urgently need great improvement http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/11188 and development. The author would like to analyze the DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/11188 English subtitle translation of this film based on Nord’s theory of translation errors in order to provide references for movie subtitle translation. INTRODUCTION The current situation of Chinese film industry shows 1. THEORETICAL BASIS a good momentum of development. The international Eugene Nida, an American translation theorist, pointed influence of Chinese movies has been increasing and out that “translation is to reproduce the information of the Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture 60 LI Lijun; LIANG Yali (2019). Studies in Literature and Language, 19(1), 60-64 source language with the nearest natural equivalence in 2. TRANSLATION ERRORS IN SUBTITLE the target language from semantics to style.” (Yao, 2010) However, in the process of translation, some translators OF THE WANDERING EARTH still have some embarrassing translation errors due to the The movie The Wandering Earth has become a hot topic lack of knowledge of the source language and culture, nowadays, which arouses different opinions among the or the carelessness and irresponsibility of the translators. public, but the box office record proves everything. In From the perspective of translation function, Nord defines foreign countries, especially in the markets of developed translation errors as “failure to properly implement the countries, the film has gained many good reviews. instructions in the translation outline or unreasonable Of course, there are also negative opinions. Many solution to translation problems”(Nord, 2001). He holds foreign audiences have expressed their disappointment that if a translation error is defined as a failure to carry with the English subtitles of the film because of the out the instructions implied in the translation brief and poor translation. According to Nord’s theory, we will as an inadequate solution to a translation problem, then discuss translation errors of subtitle in this film on three translation errors can be classified into four categories: categories: linguistic translation errors, cultural translation linguistic translation errors, cultural translation errors, errors and pragmatic translation errors. pragmatic translation errors, text-specific translation 2.1 Linguistic Translation Errors errors (Nord, 2001). Nord believes that language translation error is caused Linguistic translation errors are caused by an by inadequate understanding of words and language inadequate translation of a translator when the focus is structures (Nord, 2001). There are a large number of such on language structures. And this kind of translation errors kind of translations errors in English subtitle in this movie, is often due to deficiencies in the translator’s source which includes many misuses of words, grammatical or target-language competence (Nord, 2001). Cultural errors and even spelling errors. translation errors are due to an inadequate decision with regard to reproduction or adaptation of culture-specific 2.1.1 Misuse of Words conventions, which depends on the influence they have The process of translation is essentially a process of on the function of the target text. In fact, translators who transformation of understanding and expression. Words are not proficient in both target language and source are the basic linguistic units. If we understand them language will not be able to pay attention to linguistic separately from the context in translation, it will easily or cultural translation in an appropriate way. Translation lead to misunderstanding and translation errors. In should first focus on the correctness of language, and then translation practice, the translator must start from the on the appropriateness of communication or function. context in which the language is used when judging the Therefore, it is very important to ensure that the translator semantics of the original words. Sometimes the translator has adequate language and cultural proficiency before may be misled by pre-existing knowledge, inherent ideas, translation. Pragmatic translation errors are mainly caused resulting in common sense errors and translation errors. by inadequate solutions to pragmatic translation problems. (1) ST：同声传译已上线 According to the experience of many translators, TT：Synchronal translation is on. pragmatic translation usually depends on the translator’s In this example, the translator translates “同声传译” common sense, which is not difficult to solve. Pragmatic directly into “synchronal translation”. Firstly, when we errors are one of the most important errors of translators, look up the word in the Collins Dictionary, we can find because the recipients often do not realize that the that the word “synchronal” is obsolete, which is equal information they receive is wrong, which leads to serious to “synchronical”, which means happening at the same consequences. Text-specific translation errors, which are time. Secondly, it can’t be found in the Collins Dictionary, related to a text-specific translation problem and, like and there are no similar phrases. Therefore, the correct the corresponding translation problems, can usually be translation of “同声传译” should be simultaneous evaluated from a functional or pragmatic point of view translation. In the Collins Dictionary, the definition of (Nord, 2001). simultaneous translation is “a form of translation in Based on Nord’s types of translation errors, this which the interpreter translates into the target language paper makes a classification analysis of translation as quickly as possible while the speaker is still speaking errors in Chinese-English subtitle translation of the in the source language”. So this sentence should be movie The Wandering Earth, aiming at discussing translated as follows “Simultaneous translation is on”. the underlying causes of translation errors. Since (2) ST：地面通讯马上会瘫痪 this paper focuses on the analysis of film subtitle TT：Earth’s communications will be paralysis translation errors, the fourth type of translation errors In this example, there is also a translation error. is not applicable here. Therefore, this paper will In Collins Dictionary, “paralysis” means “the loss of mainly analyze the first three categories of translation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 9780367508234 Text.Pdf
    Development of the Global Film Industry The global film industry has witnessed significant transformations in the past few years. Regions outside the USA have begun to prosper while non-traditional produc- tion companies such as Netflix have assumed a larger market share and online movies adapted from literature have continued to gain in popularity. How have these trends shaped the global film industry? This book answers this question by analyzing an increasingly globalized business through a global lens. Development of the Global Film Industry examines the recent history and current state of the business in all parts of the world. While many existing studies focus on the internal workings of the industry, such as production, distribution and screening, this study takes a “big picture” view, encompassing the transnational integration of the cultural and entertainment industry as a whole, and pays more attention to the coordinated develop- ment of the film industry in the light of influence from literature, television, animation, games and other sectors. This volume is a critical reference for students, scholars and the public to help them understand the major trends facing the global film industry in today’s world. Qiao Li is Associate Professor at Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia, and Visiting Professor at the Université Paris 1 Panthéon- Sorbonne. He has a PhD in Film Studies from the University of Gloucestershire, UK, with expertise in Chinese- language cinema. He is a PhD supervisor, a film festival jury member, and an enthusiast of digital filmmaking with award- winning short films. He is the editor ofMigration and Memory: Arts and Cinemas of the Chinese Diaspora (Maison des Sciences et de l’Homme du Pacifique, 2019).
    [Show full text]
  • An Ecological Alarm Bell: Liu Cixin's Science Fiction the Wandering Earth
    ISSN 1923-1555[Print] Studies in Literature and Language ISSN 1923-1563[Online] Vol. 19, No. 3, 2019, pp. 60-63 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/11366 www.cscanada.org An Ecological Alarm Bell: Liu Cixin’s Science Fiction The Wandering Earth LI Jiya[a],* [a] Instructor, PhD candidate, School of Foreign Languages, Southwest fiction literature. His short and medium-length novel Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China. The Wandering Earth was published in 2008, and has * Corresponding author. been reprinted by different publishing houses many Received 6 September 2019; accepted 21 November 2019 times. The box office of the adapted film of the same Published online 26 December 2019 name surpassed 1.6 billion in 2019, and the response at home and abroad was enthusiastic, which could be Abstract regarded as a milestone of Chinese science fiction film. The Wandering Earth is another masterpiece of Liu Cixin This work surpasses ordinary sci-fi literary works in after The Three, and later adapted into a film. After its both grand imagination and meticulous details of science release, the film has won high reputation at home and and technology, and can be regarded as a literary classic. abroad. It can be regarded as a milestone of Chinese In addition to the grand narrative, we should also pay science fiction movies. From the perspective of Western attention to the realistic problems, the development of eco-criticism, the future ecological environment described natural ecology and the ideological dilemma of human in the work is fragmented; the earth disaster which has beings. The story is full of humanistic care.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wandering Earth to Be Released in Imax® Theatres Across China Starting Feb
    THE WANDERING EARTH TO BE RELEASED IN IMAX® THEATRES ACROSS CHINA STARTING FEB. 5 FOR CHINESE NEW YEAR Beijing- January 16 2019- IMAX China Holding, Inc. (HKSE:1970) today announced that Chinese Film Group, Beijing Culture’s The Wandering Earth, recognized as the first real Chinese Sci-fi Film, will be digitally remastered into The IMAX Experience® and released in approximately 600 IMAX® theatres across China on Feb. 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. An IMAX exclusive poster for the film was also revealed as part of today’s announcement. Directed by Guo Fan, The Wandering Earth is an adaption of a book from a Hugo Award winner and the most iconic Chinese Sci-fi writer, Liu Cixin. It stars Wu Jing, Qu Chuxiao, Li Guangjie,Wu Mengda and Zhao Jinmai and tells the story of Earth in peril. With the imminent destruction of the sun and their solar system doomed, a group of brave astronauts set out to find a new planet for the human race. The IMAX® 3D release of The Wandering Earth will be digitally re-mastered into the image and sound quality of The IMAX Experience® with proprietary IMAX DMR® (Digital Re- mastering) technology. The crystal-clear images, coupled with IMAX's customized theatre geometry and powerful digital audio, create a unique environment that will make audiences feel as if they are in the movie. ### About IMAX China IMAX China is a subsidiary of IMAX Corporation, and is incorporated under the laws of Cayman Islands. IMAX China was established by IMAX Corporation specifically to oversee the expansion of IMAX's business throughout Greater China.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis on the New Models of Chinese Cinema Movie Intellectual Property Operation Under the Epidemic Situation Xiaoyan Yuan1,*
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 469 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2020) Analysis on the New Models of Chinese Cinema Movie Intellectual Property Operation Under the Epidemic Situation Xiaoyan Yuan1,* 1School of Film and Cinematic Arts, Communication University of China, Beijing, China *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Affected by the new coronavirus epidemic in 2020, the Chinese economy has generally suffered setbacks and the cultural industry has been hit hard. As the epidemic continues, the screening and creation of Chinese cinema films has entered a "sleep period", and industry self-help is extremely urgent. During the epidemic, movie theaters struggled to cope with difficulties and tried a variety of new IP (Intellectual Property) operation models under the pressure of huge risks. Keywords: epidemic situation, cinema movie, IP operation, new models characteristics of decentralized and multi-media I. INTRODUCTION integration gradually emerged. 1 The 2020 Chinese New Year prime time slot films Seven films "Legend of Deification", "The Wild were broken due to the epidemic situation, which Life", "Lost in Russia", "Winner", "Detective seriously affected the IP operation of the cinema film. Chinatown 3", "Vanguard", "The Rescue" are expected Although the " Lost in Russia" style breakthrough to be released during the Spring Festival prime time occurred during this period, it is still difficult to mark slot. In the epidemic, they all withdrew from the cinema the success of the operation of Chinese cinema films chain. The data shows that before the epidemic, the and the overall improvement of content quality in a total box office revenue of this year's Spring Festival special period.
    [Show full text]
  • Liu Cixin's Wandering Path to Apocalyptic Transcendence
    Liu Cixin‘s Wandering Path to Apocalyptic Transcendence: Chinese SF and the Three Poles of Modern Chinese Cultural Production An honors thesis for the Department of German, Russian, and Asian Languages & Literatures Philip A. Ballentine Tufts University, 2014 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1 WHAT IS SCIENCE FICTION (SF)? .............................................................................................................. 4 SF AND CHINA‘S REVOLUTIONARY MODERNIZATION MOVEMENTS ..................................................... 11 THE THREE POLES OF MODERN CHINESE CULTURAL PRODUCTION ...................................................... 15 THE DIDACTIC POLE .............................................................................................................................. 18 DIDACTIC CHINESE SF IN THE LATE QING AND MAY FOURTH ERAS ..................................................... 20 DIDACTIC SF IN THE SOCIALIST PERIOD ................................................................................................. 24 DIDACTIC ―REFORM LITERATURE‖ ......................................................................................................... 27 CHINESE SF‘S MOVE TOWARDS THE ANTI-DIDACTIC POLE ....................................................... 30 ―DEATH RAY ON A CORAL ISLAND:‖ A STUDY IN DIDACTIC ‗REFORM‘ SF .......................................... 33 CHINESE SF‘S
    [Show full text]
  • Negotiating Transnational Collaborations with the Chinese Film Industry
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+ University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2019 Negotiating Transnational Collaborations with the Chinese Film Industry Kai Ruo Soh University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1 University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Soh, Kai Ruo, Negotiating Transnational Collaborations with the Chinese Film Industry, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of the Arts, English and Media, University of Wollongong, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Soft Power & Digital Trade: Reshaping Global Image Through
    Working Paper Series International Trade and Economic Diplomacy Middlebury Institute of International Studies Monterey, CA China’s Soft Power & Digital Trade: Reshaping Global Image Through Digital Media & Entertainment Bryan Herbert Nicole Kroeger Li (Janet) Zhengjing MA in International Trade and Economic Diplomacy Candidates JANUARY 24, 2021 Despite having seen unprecedented economic growth over the past 30 years, in the eyes of many, China has fallen short in terms of its soft power development. China’s soft power development faces challenges from western democracies that seek to delegitimize China’s rise in power and influence in the world, as well as challenges from within. China’s top-down authoritarian structure is not conducive to organic soft power growth, and in turn China uses a state-led top-down approach to soft power that has seen relative short-term gains but has yet to realize long-term sustainability. I. Executive Summary: Despite having seen unprecedented economic growth over the past 30 years, in the eyes of many, China has fallen short in terms of its soft power development. China’s soft power development faces challenges from western democracies that seek to delegitimize China’s rise in power and influence in the world, as well as challenges from within. China’s top-down authoritarian structure is not conducive to organic soft power growth, and in turn China uses a state-led top-down approach to soft power that has seen relative short-term gains but has yet to realize long-term sustainability. China’s top down approach to soft power can be linked to its stance on digital trade and China’s desire to be a leader in high technology innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Fiction Literature in China
    Reynolds 1 THE ELECTRIC ERA: SCIENCE FICTION LITERATURE IN CHINA By Hannah C. Reynolds In partial fulfillment of the degree Bachelor of Arts with Honors in East Asian Studies Wittenberg University 1 May 2019 Reynolds 2 I. Introduction China is no stranger to writing, consuming, and cherishing highly imaginative works of literature, whether it be in the ancient dynastic ages or in modern Chinese libraries. The fantastical adventures of The Monkey King are loved by the entire nation, and mystical romances of A Dream of Red Mansions are being adapted into screenplays more than 200 years after the tale’s conception. Confucian values, while traditionally associated with their realistic and grounded nature, may have boosted China’s cultural fascination with the intangible oddities of life. Many of Confucius’ analects call for people to be realistic and focused on understanding the here and the now: “When you do not yet understand life, how could you understand death?” (Weizhi sheng, yanzhi si 未知生, 焉知死).1 But an important element of Confucian philosophy is the emphasis put on the connection between societal structures and the cosmic order of the universe; the connections between parent and child, husband and wife, and ruler and subject are not upheld merely for convenience—they keep the yin and yang of the universe in balance. Disruption of social order would be, in the eyes of Confucius, a blatant opposition of the higher cosmic order that is intrinsically connected to our mortal existence. Elements of fantasy are also more intertwined in modern, everyday Chinese life than in the lives of Westerners.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article
    Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 94 4th International Conference on Economy, Judicature, Administration and Humanitarian Projects (JAHP 2019) The Influence of "Wandering Earth" on Chinese Cultural Soft Power* Ling Ye School of Foreign Languages Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan, China 432000 Abstract—"Wandering Earth" became a phenomenal film China's "soft culture", which has a tremendous impact on the in 2019, and won a double harvest at the box office and word improvement of the soft power of Chinese film culture. of mouth. Some people commented on it as "China's first science fiction blockbuster", and others commented that its II. CULTURAL SOFT POWER AND FILM emergence opened the "first year of Chinese science fiction". The success of "Wandering Earth" shows that the production Regarding the concept of "cultural soft power", there is level of Chinese science fiction films has been greatly improved. currently no unified definition in the academic world. The Also, its success benefits from China's economic development understanding of it goes back to the concept of "soft power" and the advancement of science and technology. "Wandering proposed by Professor Joseph S. Nye of Harvard University Earth" has had a major impact on the improvement of Chinese in 1990. He believes that a country's overall national strength cultural soft power. It not only promotes the development of consists of "hard power" and "soft power". "Hard power" is Chinese science fiction movies, promotes the core values of manifested in a country's economy, science and technology, Chinese tradition, and reshapes China's national image, and military strength, etc., and "soft power" includes the but also has a unique position in the history of Chinese science attraction of culture and values, social systems, development fiction films.
    [Show full text]
  • FLM6210 Cinemas in Contemporary China Handbook 2020
    DEPARTMENT OF FILM STUDIES SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE, LINGUISTICS AND FILM QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON FLM6210 CINEMAS IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA MODULE HANDBOOK CONVENOR: DR. KIKI TIANQI YU SPRING 2020 Semester: Two Level: 6 Credit Value: 15 Lecture and Screening: Tuesday 3-6pm Queens LG4 Seminar: Thursday 1-2pm Queens LG1 Kiki Office hours: Thursday 2:30-4:30pm Contact details: [email protected] ArTsOne G25.C 1 Contents • Module Description • Learning Outcomes • Assignments • Weekly Outline • General Screening LisT • General Reading List 2 DESCRIPTION Taking contemporary Chinese cinema and moving image as case sTudies, This module examines The concepts of world cinema, global auteurs, generaTional cinema, independent cinema, The naTional and The TransnaTional, as well as localized genres and aesTheTics in non- WesTern cinema. While The People's Republic of China (PRC) is now The world's second- largesT film indusTry in terms of revenue, as perhaps befiTs its putaTive sTaTus as The world's largesT economy, cinema and moving image culTure are increasingly transnaTional, collaboraTive, mulTi-plaTform. This course will not only explore The commercial cinema and blockbusTers, but also The independent pracTices and moving image arT. It will mainly examine The pracTices in mainland China since The 1980s, but The pracTices in Taiwan and Hong Kong will also be discussed, to problemaTise notions of naTional, regional, TransnaTional and world cinema. LEARNING OUTCOMES STudents on The module can expecT to • engage criTically wiTh debaTes in the field of Chinese cinemas, world cinema, different forms of independent cinema and art cinema, and put them in producTive use. • make criTical judgements in the undersTanding and evaluaTion of a varieTy of film pracTices in contemporary China.
    [Show full text]
  • Xi Envisions Sinoafrican Cooperation
    Great return Dam designed Rift expands to prevent loss France, Italy feud escalates Chinese pair secures victory after of frozen soil as street protests continue foot stress fracture SPORTS, PAGE 23 CHINACHINA, PAGE 4DAILYWORLD, PAGE 12 MONDAY, February 11, 2019 www.chinadailyhk.com HK $8 Visitors flock to Xi envisions Palace Museum Sino­African By WANG KAIHAO [email protected] cooperation For those hoping to stop by key tourist attractions in the capital during Spring Festival holidays, admittance is not a given due to Tackling growing refugee problem limited space within popular placed on top of AU Summit agenda facilities. As the holiday began, some were surprised to find that tick­ By CAO DESHENG in Beijing the Forum on China­Africa Coop­ ets to Beijing’s Palace Museum and LUCIE MORANGI eration held in September, saying had been sold out until Sunday, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia he and leaders of African coun­ and they simply had to find other tries, along with the AU, mapped ways to enjoy their time off. China stands ready to join hands out a blueprint on the develop­ A quota restricting visitor Home stretch with the African Union and African ment of relations between China numbers has been in place by the countries to promote cooperation and Africa. museum since June 2015 to help Travelers make their way home related to the Belt and Road Initia­ He called on Africa to take advan­ with crowd control. on Sunday, the last day of the tive and build an even stronger Chi­ tage of the opportunities brought by Up to 80,000 people are Spring Festival break, amid na­Africa community with a shared implementing the outcomes of the allowed to enter the complex heavy snow in Yongji, Shanxi future, President Xi Jinping said on FOCAC Beijing Summit, and work each day.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Business
    OUR BUSINESS Our Mission Our mission is to make it easy to do business anywhere. Our founders started our company to champion small businesses, in the belief that the Internet would level the playing field by enabling small enterprises to leverage innovation and technology to grow and compete more effectively in domestic and global economies. We believe that concentrating on customer needs and solving their problems – whether those customers are consumers, merchants or enterprises – ultimately will lead to the best outcome for our business. We have developed a large digital economy that enables participants to create and share value on our platforms. Our decisions are guided by how they serve our mission over the long term, not by the pursuit of short-term gains. Our Vision We aim to build the future infrastructure of commerce. We envision that our customers will meet, work and live at Alibaba, and that we will be a company that lasts for 102 years. Meet @ Alibaba. We enable commercial and social interactions among hundreds of millions of users, between consumers and merchants, and among businesses every day. Work @ Alibaba. We empower our customers with the fundamental infrastructure for commerce and new technology, so that they can build businesses and create value that can be shared among our digital economy participants. Live @ Alibaba. We strive to expand our products and services to become central to the everyday lives of our customers. As we continue to expand our businesses from commerce to cloud computing, digital media and entertainment, among other sectors, Alibaba has evolved into a digital economy that is unique, energetic and innovative.
    [Show full text]