DOCSLIB.ORG

Beryllium and Tungsten Deposits of the Iron Mountain District Sierra and Socorro Counties New Mexico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beryllium and Tungsten Deposits of the Iron Mountain District Sierra and Socorro Counties New Mexico UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director Bulletin 945-C BERYLLIUM AND TUNGSTEN DEPOSITS OF THE IRON MOUNTAIN DISTRICT SIERRA AND SOCORRO COUNTIES NEW MEXICO BY RICHARD H. JAHNS WITH A SECTION ON THE BERYLLIUM MINERALS BY JEWELL J. GLASS Strategic Minerals Investigations, 1944 (Pages 45-79) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1944 For gale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price $1.25 CONTENTS Page Abstract................................................... 45 Introduction............................................... 46 Geology.................................................... 49 Sedimentary rocks...................................... 49 . Magdalena group.................................... 49 Younger pre-Tertiary rocks ......................... 50 Tertiary and Quaternary deposits.................... 50 Igneous rocks .......................................... 50 Volcanic rocks..................................... 50 Intrusive rocks.................................... 50 Structure.............................................. 51 Contact metamorphism................................... 52 Recrystallized rocks............................... 53 Metasomatlcally altered rocks.......................... 53 Iron-poor silicate rocks........................... 53 Iron-rich silicate rocks: tactites................ 54 Massive tactite................................ 54 ."Ribbon rock" tactite.......................... 54 Metamorphosed igneous rocks ........................ 55 Ore deposits............................................... 56 The beryllium minerals, by Jewell J. Glass............. 56 Helvite........................................:... 56 Other beryllium-bearing minerals................... 58 Beryllium deposits...................................... 58 Tungsten deposits...................................... 59 Other deposits......................................... 60 Descriptions of areas....................................... 61 Lower part of Discovery Gulch.......................... 62 West Slope area........................................ 63 Brown or- body......................................... 64 Jackpot Jo. 1 and Jackpot Extension areas.............. 64 North End area......................................... 65 Sclieelemite area.......................'................ 68 Parker Strike area..................................... 70 Lucky Strike-Tungs ten Reef area......................... 71 Scheelite' Gem deposits................................. 73 South Peak-Backslope area.............................. 74 Black Bed area......................................... 74 Reserves and outlook for the district...................... 75 Beryllium deposits..................................... 75 Tungsten deposits...................................... 78 Prospecting for other contact-metamorphic beryllium deposits................................................. 79 III ILLUSTRATIONS Page Plate 16. Mining claims in the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, N. Mex.... In pocket 17. Geologic map of the Iron Mountain district. Sierra and Socorro Counties, N. Mex.... In pocket 18. Geologic map of Iron Mountain, Sierra and Socorro Counties, N. Mex............... In pocket 19. Typical specimens of "ribbon rock" from the North End area, Iron Mountain............... 56 20. Specimens of ^partially and completely formed "ribbon rock" tactlte....................... 56 21. Geologic map of lower Discovery Gulch, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, N. Mex........ In pocket 22. Isometric fence diagram of lower Discovery Gulch area, Iron Mountain, N. Mex...... In pocket 23. Geologic map of the West Slope area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, N. Hex........ In pocket 24. Geologic map of the Brown area, Iron Moun­ tain, Sierra County, N. Mex............ In pocket 25o Geologic map of the Jackpot No. 1 area, Iron Mountain, Socorro County, N. Mex....... In pocket 26. Geologic map of the North End area, Iron Moun­ tain, Socorro County, N. Mex........... In pocket 27. Geologic map and sections of the Beryllium Reef and Star bodies, North End area, Iron Mountain, Socorro County, N. Mex....... In pocket 28. Geologic map of tVie Scheelemite area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, N. Mex........ In pocket 29. Geologic map of the Parker Strike area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, N. Mex........ In pocket 30. Geologic map of the Lucky Strike and Tungsten Reef areas, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, N. Mex................................. In pocket 31. Geologic map of the Black Bed tungsten area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, N. Mex..» In pocket Figure 9. Index map of New Mexico showing location of Iron Mountain district...................... 47 10. Sketch of tungsten-bearing veinlet zones in massive garnet-magnetite tactite, Lucky Strike deposit.............................. 72 IV BERYLLIUM AND TUNGSTEN DEPOSITS OF THE IRON MOUNTAIN DISTRICT, SIERRA AND SOCORRO COUNTIES, NEW MEXICO By Richard H. Jahns WITH A SECTION ON THE BERYLLIUM MINERALS By Jewell J. Glass ABSTRACT Beryllium and txmgsten deposits of contact-metamorphic origin occur in the Iron. Mountain district, in northwestern Sierra County and southwestern Socorro County, N. Mex. They are in irregular bodies of iron-rich silicate rock (tactite) formed by replacement of Paleozoic limestone and calcareous shale,, gener­ ally at or near contacts with small intrusive masses of rhyolite, granite, and apllte, probably of mid-Tertiary age. Most of the beryllium is in the complex -silicate mineral hel- vite, but some occurs as a minor constituent of grossularite gar­ net, idocrase, and chlorite. All these minerals occur chiefly in a layered variety of tactite, to which the name "ribbon rock" has been given, but partly in strongly mineralized shear and breccia zones in earlier-formed, thick-bedded magnetite-garnet tactite. Fluorite and magnetite are the principal constituents of the beryllium-bearing rock, which forms thick pods, pipelike masses, and thin tabular bodies. The "ribbon rock" appears to have been formed through replacement of limestone by iron-rich solutions that entered along fractxires, and the rhythmic layering is inter­ preted as a diffusion effect. The 'amount of beryllium-bearing tactite that can actually be measured is small, but detailed mapping and preliminary sampling of the deposits by the Geological Survey, followed by extensive exploration and sampling by the Bureau of Mines, indicate a reserve of about 3,500 tons of higher-grade, magnetite-rich "rib­ bon rock" arid 84,000 tons of lower-grade, silicate-rich "ribbon rock." The average BeO content of the magnetite-rich material, in which all or nearly all of the beryllium occurs in the mineral helvite, is probably about 0.7 percent, and that of the silicate- rich tactite, in which the beryllium is distributed among several 45 46 STRATEGIC MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS, 1944 minerals, is about 0.2 percent. Indicated reserves of the two classes would thus co'rrespond to approximately 204 and 1,400 tons, respectively, of beryl concentrates containing 12 percent BeO. In addition there are inferred reserves of roughly 1,000 tons of the higher-grade and 100,000 tons of the lower-grade "ribbon rock." These tonnages are thought to be near the maximum obtainable in the district, for the high-tonnage deposits of "ribbon rock" are cut off at shallow depth by igneous rock, and prospects for the discovery of new deposits are not good. The low grade of most of the Iron Mountain tactite and the difficul­ ties involved in its metallurgical "treatment appear to preclude its successful competition with beryl ores as a current source of beryllium, even though byproduct fluorite and magnetite might be recovered during its treatment. "Ribbon rock" may be a useful guide in searching for beryl­ lium-bearing contact deposits elsewhere. As beryllixim occurs in "ribbon rock" but not, as a primary constituent, in typical mas­ sive tactite, beryllium compoxmds in contact deposits may be con­ fined to rocks of dominantly hydrothermal origin. Close scrutiny of the hydrothermal portions of other contact deposits, particu­ larly those of mid-Tertiary age in the southwestern states, may thus bring to light other occurrences of beryllium. The tungsten minerals at Iron Mountain are scheelite and powellite, which occur most commonly as disseminations or frac­ ture fillings in massive-bedded magnetite-garnet tactite. The ore bodies are generally small, but many contain relatively high- grade material. Most of them are adjacent to igneous contacts, at the intersections of two or more well-developed sets of joints or shear planes. Reserves of indicated and inferred ore are estimated as approximately 9,100 tons containing from 0.5 to 2.0 percent of W03. This total does not include some 9,500 tons of mineralized material in the Lucky Strike area that appears to be too low in grade to be regarded as ore. -Even what is reckoned as ore is too low in grade, except for a few rich shoots in three deposits, to be shipped without milling; and construction of a small, carefully located mill in the district might be justified by the indicated tonnages and the possibility of'developing additional ore. None of the tungsten-bearing tactite should pre­ sent very serious milling problems. INTRODUCTION Beryllium and tungsten-deposits of contact-metamorphic origin are numeroxis in the Iron Mountain district, an area that embraces about 15 square miles in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
    MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Scanned
    Tne AMBRrcAx M rNBRALocrsr JOURNAL OF THE MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol.20 NOVEMBER, 1935 No. 11 THE PEGMATITE MINERALS FROM NEAR AMELIA, VIRGINIA* Jnwrr.r. J. Gless, U. S. Geological'Suraey, Washington, D. C. CoNrnxrs 1' rntroduction 741 2. Rutherfordmine 743 3' Morefield mine ' ' 744 4. Minerals 745 Albite, bertrandite, beryl, biotite, calcite, cassiterite, cerussite, chalcopy- rite, fluorite, galena, manganotantalite, microcline, microlite, monazite, muscovite, phenacite, pyrite, pyrolusite, qtsartz, spessartite, topaz, tourmaline, triplite, zinnwaldite, zircon. 5. Rarer elements identified by spectrographic analyses 764 6. Luminescence of minerals 766 7. Selected bibliography 768 1. INTnooucrroN The first commercial mica mines near Amelia Court House, Virginia, were opened in the early seventies, and the remarkable size and quality of the mica early awakened a keen economic in- terest in the pegmatite dikes of the region, but the richnessof the locality in rare and beautiful mineral specimenshas promoted a scientific interest which has persisted for sixty years. Thirty-six mineral species have been reported from the Rutherford mine alone,and the variety and perfection of many of thesehave led to their inclusion in most of the museums of the world. The concen- tration of unusual minerals in an easily accessible deposit at- tracted various scientific investigators and mineral collectors to this locality for successivegenerations. Such intensive investiga- tion of a locality might suggest that little remains to be learned about its minerals, but the recent opening of a new mine near Amelia and the reopening of the Rutherford mine have given new * Published by permission of the Director, U. S. Geological Survey. 742 THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST opportunities for study.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Processing
    Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Minerals and Mineral Products in Our Bedroom Bed Hematite
    Minerals and Mineral Products in our Bedroom Make-Up Kit Muscovite Bed Talc Hematite: hinges, handles, Mica mattress springs Hematite: for color Chromite: chrome plating Bismuth Radio Barite Copper: wiring Plastic Pail Quartz: clock Mica Gold: connections Cassiterite: solder Toilet Bowl / Tub Closet Feldspar: porcelain Chromite: chrome plating Pyrolusite: coloring Hematite: hinges, handles (steel) Chromite: plumbing fixtures Quartz : mirror on door Copper: tubing Desk Toothpaste Hematite: hinges, handles (steel) Apatite: teeth Chromite: chrome plating Fluorite: toothpaste Mirror Rutile: to color false Hematite: handle, frame teeth yellow Chromite: plating Gold: fillings Gold: plating Cinnabar: fillings Quartz: mirror Towels Table Lamp Sphalerite: dyes Brass (an alloy of copper and Chromite: dyes zinc): base Quartz: bulb Water Pipe/Faucet/Shower bulb Wolframite: lamp filament Brass Copper: wiring Iron Nickel Minerals and Mineral Products in our Bedroom Chrome: stainless steel Bathroom Cleaner Department of Environment and Natural Resources Borax: abrasive, cleaner, and antiseptic MINES AND GEOSCIENCES BUREAU Deodorant Spray Can Cassiterite Chromite Copper Carpet Quartz Sphalerite: dyes Telephone Chromite: dyes Drinking Glasses Copper: wiring Sulfur: foam padding Quartz Chromite: plating Gold: red color Clock Silver: electronics Pentlandite: spring Graphite: batteries Refrigerator Quartz: glass, time keeper Hematite Television Chromite: stainless steel Chromite: plating Computer Galena Wolframite: monitor Wolframite: monitor Copper Copper:
    [Show full text]
  • Samsonite Ag4mnsb2s6 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
    Samsonite Ag4MnSb2S6 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Crystals prismatic and striated k [001], to 3 cm, in radiating groups. Physical Properties: Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 2.5 VHN = 187–212 (100 g load). D(meas.) = 5.51 D(calc.) = 5.50 Optical Properties: Nearly opaque; translucent in thin fragments. Color: Steel-black, deep red to brown in transmitted light; in polished section, bluish white with deep red internal reflections. Streak: Dark red. Luster: Metallic. Pleochroism: Weak. Anisotropism: Weak. R1–R2: (400) 33.8–38.5, (420) 33.6–34.9, (440) 33.2–34.5, (460) 32.6–33.8, (480) 31.6–33.0, (500) 30.6–32.2, (520) 29.6–31.1, (540) 28.8–30.0, (560) 28.1–29.0, (580) 27.5–28.1, (600) 26.8–27.5, (620) 26.3–26.9, (640) 25.9–26.5, (660) 25.4–26.1, (680) 25.1–25.8, (700) 24.8–25.6 Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/n. a = 10.362(4) b = 8.101(3) c = 6.647(3) β =92◦38(4)0 Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: St. Andreasberg, Germany. (ICDD 11-74). 3.20 (100), 3.01 (90), 2.59 (60), 2.86 (50), 2.43 (50), 2.51 (40), 6.4 (30) Chemistry: (1) (2) Ag 45.95 46.78 Mn 5.86 5.96 Cu 0.18 Fe 0.22 Sb 26.33 26.40 S 20.55 20.86 rem. 0.87 Total 99.96 100.00 (1) St.
    [Show full text]
  • Topographical Index
    997 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX EUROPE Penberthy Croft, St. Hilary: carminite, beudantite, 431 Iceland (fsland) Pengenna (Trewethen) mine, St. Kew: Bondolfur, East Iceland: pitchsbone, beudantite, carminite, mimetite, sco- oligoclase, 587 rodite, 432 Sellatur, East Iceland: pitchs~one, anor- Redruth: danalite, 921 thoclase, 587 Roscommon Cliff, St. Just-in-Peuwith: Skruthur, East Iceland: pitchstonc, stokesite, 433 anorthoclase, 587 St. Day: cornubite, 1 Thingmuli, East Iceland: andesine, 587 Treburland mine, Altarnun: genthelvite, molybdenite, 921 Faroes (F~eroerne) Treore mine, St. Teath: beudantite, carminite, jamesonite, mimetite, sco- Erionite, chabazite, 343 rodite, stibnite, 431 Tretoil mine, Lanivet: danalite, garnet, Norway (Norge) ilvaite, 921 Gryting, Risor: fergusonite (var. risSrite), Wheal Betsy, Tremore, Lanivet: he]vine, 392 scheelite, 921 Helle, Arendal: fergusonite, 392 Wheal Carpenter, Gwinear: beudantite, Nedends: fergusonite, 392 bayldonite, carminite, 431 ; cornubite, Rullandsdalen, Risor: fergusonite, 392 cornwallite, 1 Wheal Clinton, Mylor, Falmouth: danal- British Isles ire, 921 Wheal Cock, St. Just-in- Penwith : apatite, E~GLA~D i~D WALES bertrandite, herderite, helvine, phena- Adamite, hiibnerite, xliv kite, scheelite, 921 Billingham anhydrite mine, Durham: Wheal Ding (part of Bodmin Wheal aph~hitalite(?), arsenopyrite(?), ep- Mary): blende, he]vine, scheelite, 921 somite, ferric sulphate(?), gypsum, Wheal Gorland, Gwennap: cornubite, l; halite, ilsemannite(?), lepidocrocite, beudantite, carminite, zeunerite, 430 molybdenite(?),
    [Show full text]
  • A Deposit of Manganese Ore in Wyoming
    A DEPOSIT OF MANGANESE ORE IN WYOMING. By EDWARD L. JONES, Jr. INTRODUCTION. Few manganese deposits are known in Wyoming, but one deposit in the Laramie Mountains that was reported to the United States Geological Survey was visited by the writer on October 5, 1917. At that time the deposit was being exploited by the Poverty Mining Co., of Laramie, and 200 tons of ore containing about 40 per cent of manganese was on the dumps, although no ore had been shipped. The deposit is opened by a tunnel and a drift 190 feet in total length, which connect with a shaft 25 feet deep. Six claims constitute the group, which was located April 11,1916. GEOGRAPHY. The deposit of the Poverty Mining Co. lies on a gently sloping mesa on the western flank of the Laramie Mountains, near the head of Sheep Creek, at an altitude of approximately 8,000 feet above sea level. It is accessible from Medicine Bow, on the Union Pacific Railroad, by a fair wagon road 38 miles long. Near the deposit Sheep Creek has eroded in the mesa a channel 250 feet deep, which 'affords a measure of the relief. The rainfall is moderate, and the vegetation consists principally of grasses and small shrubs. Water level has not been reached in the workings. GEOLOGY. The core of the Laramie Mountains is a coarse-grained red granite of pre-Cambrian age, but flanking it on the west side is a series of limestones and sandstones which range in age from Carboniferous to Cretaceous. These rocks underlie the mesa toward Medicine Bow.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stability of Danalite, Feober(Sior3s Donero M. Bunr
    American Mineralogist, Volume 65, pages 355-360, 1980 The stability of danalite, FeoBer(SiOr3S DoNero M. Bunr Department of Geology, Arizona State University Tempe,Arizona 85281 Abstract End-memberdanalite is compositionallyequivalent to a mixture of pyrrhotite, phenakite, and fayalite, but danalite's natural occurrenceswith pyrite, magnetite,and quartz suggest that it is stable under somewhat more sulfidizing conditions than pyrrhotite and more oxidiz- ing conditions than fayatte. Danalite tends not to occur with hematite. Thesefacts can be usedto constructa tentative log /",-log f o,diagtan for the stability of the end member. The diagram shows that danalite, if it is stable at all, has an extremely narrow stability field cen- tered near the pyrrhotite,/magnetitefield boundary. Outside this field, phenakite (or, at low temperatures,bertrandite) is stablewith magnetite,pyrrhotite (or pyrite), and quartz. A natu- ral example of theseequilibria apparently occurs at Iron Mountain, Bartlett, New Hamp- shire, where zoned danalite-helvite solid solutions occur as overgrowths on phenakite with magnetite,pyrite, and quartz. Danalite is the only end memberof the helvite group that is appreciablysensitive to hypo- gene oxidation. The Mn and Zn end,members helvite and genthelviteare instead sensitive only to S-O exchange(variation in log /",//",). Introduction 2 FeoBe,(SiOo)rS:2 FeS+ 3 Be,SiOo+ 3 FerSiOo Danalite, FeoBer(SiOo)rS,is a rare beryllium ore danalite: troilite * phenakite* fayalite mineral in iron-rich skarns,greisens, and related me- Troilite (Tr) is not a common terrestrial phase; for tasomaticrocks (Glasset al., 19441,Beus, 1966; Dunn, the purposesofthis discussionit can be replacedby 1976). lt typically contains considerable helvite, pyrrhotite, Fe,-,S.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Number: 5438 BIF-Hosted Manganese Deposits of Africa Beukes, N.J.1, Swindell, E.P.W.2 and Wabo, H.3
    Paper Number: 5438 BIF-hosted manganese deposits of Africa Beukes, N.J.1, Swindell, E.P.W.2 and Wabo, H.3 1CIMERA, Geology Department, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa [email protected] 268 Cuckoo’s Nest Road, Featherbrooke Estate, Krugersdorp 1739, South Africa. 3PPM and CIMERA, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa. ___________________________________________________________________________ Africa hosts just over 80 percent of the world’s known land-based ore resources of manganese metal and produced some 41.1 percent of the 18 million tons of manganese metal in ores that was mined during 2014. The deposits are mainly of sedimentary and supergene origin comprising four major types, namely banded iron formation (BIF)-hosted, black shale-hosted, oolitic and supergene/karst-hosted deposits. It is the purpose of this presentation to review the geological setting and ore characteristics of the BIF-hosted manganese deposits that include the giant ~2.2 Ga Kalahari Manganese Field (KMF) of South Africa (holding some 4,200 million tons of manganese metal that represents about 77 percent of the world’s known land-based resource) and small ~2.4 Ga Rooinekke and Cryogenic (~0.74 Ga) Otjosondu deposits of South Africa and Namibia respectively. The Kalahari Manganese Field (KMF) is hosted by the Hotazel Formation, composed of BIF with three interbeds of manganese, of the Transvaal Supergroup in the Griqualand West (Cairncross and Beukes, 2013). It is preserved in five erosional relicts below an unconformity at base of ~2,0 Ga Gamagara/Mapedi red beds along the Dimoten syncline, northwest of Kuruman.
    [Show full text]
  • Deposits of Manganese Ore in Arizona
    DEPOSITS OF MANGANESE ORE IN ARIZONA. By E. L. JONES, Jr., and F. L. RANSOME. INTRODUCTION. By E. L. JONES, Jr. FIELD WORK. Deposits of manganese ore have long been known in some of the old mining districts of Arizona, notably in the Bisbee, Tombstone, Globe, and Patagonia districts, but prior to 1915 the ore had not been mined except as it formed the gangue of silver ores and was needed as a flux for use in local smelters. Manganese ore as such was first shipped from the Tombstone district in 1915, and from the Globe and Bisbee districts in 1916. The high prices that were offered, for manganese ore in 1916, 1917, and 1918, and the fact that the opening of the new deposits would render the Government patriotic service greatly stimulated the production of the ore and the search' for new deposits. As a result of this search discoveries in many parts of the State have been reported to Government bureaus from time to time. In order to obtain information concerning these newly discovered deposits, their character and grade of ore, ore reserves, and pro­ ductive capacity, two geologists of the United States Geological Survey examined manganese deposits in Arizona, E. L. Jones, jr., visiting many scattered deposits throughout the State, > and F. L. Ransome those of the Bisbee and Tombstone districts. The work of Mr. Jones was done in August and September, 1917, and in April, May, and June, 1918. It was geologic reconnaissance work, and generally not more than a few hours could be devoted to the examination of each deposit.
    [Show full text]
  • Σ3O12, Henritermierite, Ca3mn2[(Sio4)2(O4H4)1]Σ3, (OH,F)-Spessartine, Mn2+3Al2[(Sio4)2(O4H4,F4)1]Σ3, and Hausmannite, Mn3o4
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2018-08-21 Crystal Chemistry and Structure of kimzeyite, Ca3Zr2[Al2Si]Σ3O12, henritermierite, Ca3Mn2[(SiO4)2(O4H4)1]Σ3, (OH,F)-spessartine, Mn2+3Al2[(SiO4)2(O4H4,F4)1]Σ3, and hausmannite, Mn3O4 Cruickshank, Laura Ann Cruickshank, L. A. (2018). Crystal Chemistry and Structure of kimzeyite, Ca3Zr2[Al2Si]Σ3O12, henritermierite, Ca3Mn2[(SiO4)2(O4H4)1]Σ3, (OH,F)-spessartine, Mn2+ 3Al2[(SiO4)2(O4H4,F4)1]Σ3, and hausmannite, Mn3O4 (Unpublished master's thesis).. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/32836 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/107656 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Crystal Chemistry and Structure of kimzeyite, Ca3Zr2[Al2Si]Σ3O12, henritermierite, 2+ Ca3Mn2[(SiO4)2(O4H4)1]Σ3, (OH,F)-spessartine, Mn 3Al2[(SiO4)2(O4H4,F4)1]Σ3, and hausmannite, Mn3O4 by Laura Ann Cruickshank A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS CALGARY, ALBERTA AUGUST, 2018 © Laura Ann Cruickshank 2018 ii ABSTRACT This study considers the crystal chemistry of some rare garnet-group minerals of the general [8] [6] [4] formula X3 Y2 Z3O12 including kimzeyite, Ca3Zr2[Al2Si]Σ3O12, henritermierite, 2+ Ca3Mn2[(SiO4)2(O4H4)1]Σ3, and (OH,F)-spessartine, Mn 3Al2[(SiO4)2(O4H4,F4)1]Σ3.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Tourmaline As an Indicator Mineral Is Independent of the Method Chosen to Calculate Structural Formulae
    Originally published as: Galbraith, C. G., Clarke, D. B., Trumbull, R. B., Wiedenbeck, M. (2009): Assessment of Tourmaline Compositions as an Indicator of Emerald Mineralization at the Tsa da Glisza Prospect, Yukon Territory, Cananda. - Economic Geology, 104, 5, 713-731 DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.104.5.713 Assessment of Tourmaline Compositions as an Indicator of Emerald Mineralization at the Tsa da Glisza Prospect, Yukon Territory, Canada Christopher G. Galbraith* Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3J5 D. Barrie Clarke Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3J5 Robert B. Trumbull GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany and Michael Wiedenbeck GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Abstract Tourmaline is ubiquitous at the Tsa da Glisza emerald prospect, Yukon Territory, occurring as porphyroblasts in greenschist-facies meta-volcanic and ultramafic rocks, and as crystals in granites, aplites, and quartz-tourmaline veins. The principal occurrence of emerald is along contacts between the quartz-tourmaline veins and mafic country rocks, but it also occurs in the aplites. We assess the potential of using tourmaline compositions as a guide to emerald mineralization at Tsa da Glisza based on major-element, trace-element (Li, Be, Sc, Cr, V, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Cd, Mo, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Bi, Pb, Th, and U), REE (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb, Lu), and boron isotopic data. The tourmaline compositions encompass Na-Fe schorl, Na-Mg dravite, and Ca-Mg uvite and show a strong dependence on host-rock chemistry.
    [Show full text]