25416 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

MOSCOW, POLAND, AND FINANC­ These loans increase inflation in the West, Washington officially downplays the pros­ ING OF COMMUNIST COUN­ while gifting the Soviet bloc with priceless pect of a COMECON default, but anxious TRIES BY THE WEST-PART I technology and machinery in return for the whispering can be heard. "We should have unenforceable promise that someday they been a lot more cautious," says an informed will pay us back. State Department official." "They've got us HON. LARRY McDONALD There is growing concern within the inter­ where they want us now." One source inter­ OF GEORGIA national community that Soviet bloc coun­ viewed for this article referred to a conver­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tries will never be capable of generating sation he had with National Security Advi­ enough hard currency to repay their debts­ sor Zbigniew Brzezinski, in which Brzezinski Monday, September 15, 1980 or, more chilling, have no intention of re­ admitted to worrying "quite a bit" about e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, paying in the first place. the political leverage the Soviets gain recent events in Poland laid bare the The Soviets are almost certain, at some through their debt. "Indebtedness often in­ precarious state of the Polish econo­ point, to use the threat of default as a lever creases the leverage of the debtor and de­ my, supported on one hand by loans to gain political concessions from the West. creases the leverage of the creditor," Brze­ Should U.S.-U.S.S.R. relations ever decline zinski is quoted as saying. Soviet Union. Many simply defy their benefactors and cancel the English, West Germans, and Italians have columns were devoted to the state of debt outright. loaned especially large sums to the Soviet the Polish economy, but most of them What's more, lending to the Soviet bloc bloc, Brzezinski is quoted as concluding, "If missed one salient point. Most of what continues at a furious pace, despite the a COMECON country defaulted, it could loans' questionable merit from either a po­ create considerable problems." the Polish economy builds and makes litical or financial point of view. Western goes to the Soviet Union, in return for bankers, caught in an "undertow syndrome" LEAVE ME A LOAN rubles and raw materials. Poland, for of sending good money after bad. seem de­ Government officials also worry that ex­ instance, pays dearly for Soviet oil to termined to make our position even weaker. posing such a predicament to abrasive fuel her economy. One of the major ON OUR ASSETS public response would play into Soviet reasons the Soviet Union was so in­ In 1977 the Senate Foreign Relations hands, by increasing the West's sense of tensely interested in a peaceful settle­ Committee concluded that the entire inter­ weakness and vulnerability. When pressed, ment of the strike was the fact that national financial system could crumble be­ officials at the departments of Commerce the striking shipyards are constantly neath the weight of one or two major de­ and State admit that the growing COME­ building new merchant ships for her faults, defaults that would send banks tum­ CON debt is ominous, but they invariably fleet, because her own shipyards are bling into each other like freeway traffic change the subject by pointing to the much hitting a patch of ice. larger-and equally uninsured-debt owed tied up in gigantic naval construction The committee had in mind defaults in­ by Third World nations. projects. Therefore, loans by Western volving far less money than is now loaned Credit outstanding to "less-developed banks and governments to Commu­ through COMECON to the Soviet bloc. CO­ countries" has risen from $137 billion in nist Poland are in effect loans to the MECON is a Common-Market-like agency 1974 to more than $300 billion today. The Soviet Union. that coordinates economic policy for the prospect of a Third World default, officials The time is long past due for the Soviet Union and its East European client contend, is a greater cause for alarm than free world to reexamine its suicidal states. peared in the June 1980 Washington portant, they are not our avowed political The specter of colossal default was raised and economic competitors. They do not Monthly by James M. Whitmire for the last November when Iran announced that it have large, potent armies and have not pre­ edification of my colleagues on this would not repay the $10 billion it owes occupied themselves with devising new in­ subject: American banks. A World Bank officer told The Washington Post that this action, "the struments of pressure and coercion, as have FINANCING OF SOVIET BLOC BY WESTERN largest default in financial history," put the the Soviets. BANKS Is A MISTAKE banking system to "its most severe test in The West's tenuous grasp of the COME­ recent times." Fortunately, the shock was CON debt problem is indicated by the fact In the wake of Afghanistan, the United absorbed with minimal funk, largely be­ that no one can agree on how much credit States and the Soviet Union are back to cause the Iranians were so careless as to actually has been extended. The most con­ strutting around each other like gun-fight­ have left $8 billion in assets in American servative estimate is that the debt has in­ ers at high noon, each ready to reach for banks. creased from less than $10 billion in the the trigger. The Pentagon talks of fearsome This episode had the salutary effect of early 1970's, to $18 billion in 1974, to $48 bil­ new weapons: MX missiles, neutron bombs, stimulating some thought on the conse­ lion in 1977-a pace many times greater particle beams. Everyone assumes the Sovi­ quences of large defaults. If Iran's net de­ than inflation. It hovers between $60 billion ets are plotting ghastly new weapons as fault of $2 billion put a severe strain on the and $80 billion today-an amount equal to well. The truth is, one is already in place. system, what might be the impact of a the total assets of Exxon and General But you won't find this new secret weapon Soviet-bloc default involving amounts 30 to Motors combined. in the Red Army's arsenal, because it's not a 40 times greater? continued to climb, unopposed. Allen Lenz Incredibly, it is a weapon we are not only So far, the only public debate on East­ of Commerce's Bureau of East-West Trade constructing for the Russians-but paying West trade involves the politics of the ex­ predicts that by 1985 Soviet-bloc bor­ The weapon? Debt. Quietly, assiduously, our bulging grain exports serve to shore up rowing could hit $108 billion. Miles Costick, Western banks since the mid-1970s have al­ the inefficient Soviet system and strengthen director of the conservative Institute on lowed the Soviet bloc to pile up $60 billion the Kremlin elite's grip on power. There is Strategic Trade, says Commerce deliberate­ to $80 billion in outstanding debt, according strategic argument about whether transfer­ ly deflates the debt figure because of its to the Washington Monthly's sources. The ring advanced technology contributes to our desire to "generate trade at any price." The magnitude of this debt is such that a Soviet adversary's military power. But there's current trends, Costick believes, point to a default might spark a financial panic capa­ never been debate over the simple fact that debt of at least $200 billion by 1990-$45 bil­ ble of collapsing the capitalist banking the Soviet bloc, in effect, does not pay for lion of which, he says, will be held by system. what it gets. The West sends machines and Russia itself. It seems that if only Lee Ia­ Most of the industrial goods "sold" to the grain, and receives nothing in return except cocca could move Chrysler headquarters to Soviet bloc in recent years have not been the illusion of prosperity for the farmers Kiev, his money problems would be solved; paid for in hard currency, but financed by and firms being paid in funny-money origi­ he could simply plug into COMECON's free­ loans from the U.S. government or banks. nating on the Federal Reserve's press. flowing line of Western credit.

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. September 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25417

AUTARKIC CHILD completion will enhance the debtor nation's formation-about, say, his brother's Libyan COMECON debt is a recent development ability to ·repay. Untied loans can be used ties. because, until the early 1970s, the Soviets for anything: to cover balance-of-payment But we would not be taking up your time didn't want to borrow money. The Soviet deficits, to buy hard currency for new pur­ today simply to tell you that. What really regime traditionally has been highly autar­ chases, or in some cases, to meet the pay­ moves us is the new designation: royal. Hold kic, exhibiting an aversion to debt that one ments on previous loans. This makes them that one up to the light. Recall that the old economist described as "positively Victori­ the most precarious of all. Because they are system was based on a set of words-secret, an." Besides their doctrinaire position that entirely uninsured, they are called "sover­ top secret-referring directly to the infor­ the presence of capitalist financiers would eign risk" loans against the cred­ mation being held. Even some of the old odd corrupt Marxist purity, Kremlin leaders be­ itworthiness of the country itself. Banks super-secret classifications, such as "cosmic" lieved that if Eastern economies were based usually form syndicates can industry, and the testimony we ity of life for older Americans. As hawk, but not to be seen as a born-again heard in our hearings seems to bear chairman of the Select Committee on hawk. But the administration's collective out this contention. Aging, he has pushed Congress and denials are lame. It. evidently wants the credit for demonstrating urgent and effec­ Mr. Reich, quite correctly, points the Nation to realize that older Ameri­ tive concern for security, but it does not out that the larger interests of society cans can continue contributing richly want the blame for whatever damage may as a whole are well served by the com­ to society. He led the fight to increase have been done-political damage as well as pany that invests in new technology the minimum retirement age and to security damage-by premature release of and greater productive capacity, but protect Federal employees from age secret information for campaign purposes. discrimination. Ronald Reagan says the Pentagon's con­ that this requires a corporate manage­ firmation gives the Soviet Union a tip-off of ment commitment to the long term Earlier in CLAUDE'S political career, 10 years to prepare countermeasures. What these qualities, he notes, are in short achieve racial justice. These coura­ about that? It seems fair to ask why, if the supply in the executive suites and the geous efforts came long before civil offense was so heinous, it took Mr. Reagan ranks of institutional investors in our rights became a major national issue, three weeks to say so. Is it just a coinci­ largest companies today. This makes and demonstrated CLAUDE'S conviction dence that his assault coincided with an evi­ all the more important his observation dent need to lift his campaign out of some­ and courage in standing for his beliefs thing of a self-confected slump? that: despite considerable risk to his politi­ For all of that, we remain troubled by the An exception to this general rule are the cal future. His colleagues in Congress possibility that the administration's confir­ stockholders of many small or closely-held can attest to CLAUDE'S continued stead­ mation that Stealth had been proven, enterprises. They tend to be concerned fastness in pursuing progressive flight-tested and validated at the highest about long-term goals simply because they causes. levels did add a good deal to earlier leaks­ are closer to their company-involved in its and to earlier official acknowledgments that management, familiar with its work force, I join my colleagues in wishing the United States was working on the prob­ committed to the product or process they CLAUDE a happy birthday and look for­ lem. Mr. Carter, ever since he got down to are developing. And they are able to pursue ward to many years of working with actually running against Ronald Reagan, those goals, at the expense of immediate this fine gentleman.e has been doing some very transparent and 25422 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 15, 1980 occasionally reckless rearranging of his own TITO IN PERSPECTIVE: PART I achievements and foundations of Western defense record and trying to alter the pub­ civilization and humanity. No man has the lic's perception of it. He has shown himself HON. LARRY McDONALD right to forgive this. willing to involve the most intricate and The shame of the West which on May 8, secret security matters in the political cam­ OF GEORGIA 1980 went down in history, was not unex­ paign. The burden is on the administration IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pected. It was the natural climax of a long­ standing policy of helping Tito. from the to show that the Soviets, in the Stealth Monday, September 15, 1980 days of World War II, through his rise to affair, were not handed an intelligence e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the power and after his ouster from the Comin­ coup.e death of Yugoslavia's Communist dic­ form, to the present day. tator, Josip Broz Tito, led many West­ It has been said that the greatest blunders ern political spokesmen, including in history are often the least noticeable for those of our own Government, to com­ their contemporaries, because they cannot FRANCIS BENNETT HONORED fathom their enormity. This certainly ap­ pete with Moscow and Peking in praise plies to the case of Tito. FOR SERVICE for the man who governed Yugoslavia The statements of President Carter on the from 1945 to 1980, regardless of the one side and of the Soviet leaders and Hua HON. HAROLD C. HOLLENBECK wishes of the Yugoslav people. Guofeng on the other, on May 8, 1980, make There has been an unceasing effort glaringly clear the incongruity of the inter­ OF NEW JERSEY to portray Tito as a different sort of national situation and the inadequacy of the policy of the free world. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Communist, somehow better than the In March 1978, at the time of Tito's visit Monday, September 15, 1980 others. Yet Tito was, of course, just as to the United States. President Carter had ruthless in his methods as any other called him a "true friend of America", e Mr. HOLLENBECK. Mr. Speaker, Communist dictator. The object of all adding that he symbolized the strivings of on September 27, members of Ameri­ of them is to obtain and maintain the people not only in Yugoslavia and East­ can Legion Post 46 in Union City, N.J., total power. ern Europe, but in the whole world, for lib­ are honoring Mr. Francis Bennett for Titoism has been so persistently pre­ erty and self-determination. In his com­ sented to the public as some improved ments on Tito's death, President Carter his outstanding record of service to called him "a towering figure on the world the Legion and to his community. I am brand of communism, independent, at stage", a man who "sought practical and honored to participate in this well­ that, that what is needed is a dissent­ lasting solutions not only to the issues con­ deserved tribute. ing point of view from the victimized fronting his country, but to those affecting Frank is a past commander and life people. countries and people far from Yugoslavia's Dr. Slobodan Draskovich is a leading shores". member of post 46, who has served Serbian emigre spokesman, a former The official Soviet tribute said that Tito with distinction in many capacities professor of economics at the Universi­ was "a prominent leader ... and ... a since 1945. He was elected junior vice ty of Belgrade, and a former member worker for peace and progress throughout commander in 1946, and he served as of the Yugoslav Institute of National the world", a "leading figure in the interna­ senior vice commander from 1947 tional communist and workers movement". Defense, who came to the United And Hua Guofeng, according to Time through 1952 and from 1955 through States in 1947. Dr. Draskovich has, on magazine, "grandly praised Tito for great 1956. Frank was commander of post 46 several occasions, testified before com­ contributions to the proletarian revolution". from 1957 through 1959. He then as­ mittees of Congress, trying to help us Evidently, both sides cannot be right. One sumed duties as adjutant until 1962. understand that Tito did not represent must be catastrophically wrong. Tito could Presently, Frank is a service officer what American liberals would like to not have worked all his life for the interests believe he represented. of world communism and at the same time and a trustee of the nurses scholarship for the victory of freedom. He could not fund. He has also served as chairman The views of Dr. Draskovich follow: have worked for peace, national independ­ of the bingo committee since its incep­ THE MEANING OF TITO AND TITOISM ence and self-determination, and at the tion in 1967. The committee, under Observers from all parts of the world are same time for the goals of communist im­ Frank's direction, has grossed more in agreement that the funeral of the com­ perialism. munist dictator of Yugoslavia, Joseph Broz Where is the truth? Whom did Tito serve? than $1 million and has made possible Tito, attended by most of the world's (free, Nikita Khrushchev once issued the famous contributions by the post to worthy communist and "non-aligned") heads of warning, "We shall bury you"! Whose grave · charities and to our veterans hospitals. state, was a most impressive gathering. was Tito digging all his life? Frank has also served with distinc­ What has apparently escaped the attention There is no issue in international politics tion at the county and State levels of of those keen observers is that it was also, where so much ignorance, bold defiance of as far as the United States and the free incontrovertible facts, pro-communist bias, the American Legion-in leadership world are concerned, an occasion of monu­ neglect of essentials and political innocence J?Ositions of the New Jersey Depart­ mental shame, outrage and political weak­ have combined to present to the world a pic­ ment's Press Club and as chairman of ness. One hypothetical comparison comes to ture of a country, a regime and a political the State Public Relations Committee, mind: the free world honoring Hitler for his figure so contrary to the truth as in the case 1952-55, among other assignments. services to democracy and the cause of of Tito. The structure of Western pro-Ti­ racial tolerance! toism rests mostly on claims, assertions and Frank Bennett is one of those very At Tito's funeral, the communist heads of attitudes contemptuous of the rule of evi­ rare individuals whose busy schedule state were at the right place, at the right dence and the regard for common sense. can always be expanded, somehow, to time, with the proper remarks on Tito, com­ Ill World War II Tito allegedly fought the accommodate yet another community munist Yugoslavia and their role in the Nazi invader and by putting the interests of service project,. communist world movement. for they knew Yugoslavia above those of communism, was that he had shared their Gulag concept of able to create "Yugoslav unity". He alleged­ In addition to his long and steady human dignity, social justice and peace. ly defied Moscow's hegemonistic policies dedication to the goals of the Ameri­ But the leaders of the free world were and pursued a course of national independ­ can Legion, he has been active in present at the wrong place and said the ence, between East and West. In conso­ Scouting, in the Hudson and New wrong things, for they came to pay tribute nance with that course, he helped organize Jersey Voiture, and in the Bergen to a communist dictator who had spent his the movement of "non-aligned" nations. In County Music Educators Association. long life destroying everything they stand domestic policies he introduced an allegedly for. Nevertheless the West made possible original system of workers self-management· I am proud to offer my congratula­ Tito's rise to power and then gave him its of enterprises. which is the economic tions to this distinguished citizen of lavish, unconditional and suicidal assistance wonder of the world, envied by most na­ the Ninth Congressional District of to consolidate his regime. tions. The present regime in Yugoslavia is New Jersey on the appropriate recog­ In coming to pay tribute to Tito, the lead­ communist. but allegedly different. evolving nition being afforded him by his ers of the free world were honoring their toward democracy. unforgiveable mistake and sin. In extolling The trouble with all those claims is that fell ow Legionnaires and to express my Tito's greatness and virtues, they were ad­ they are shockingly devoid of substance. sincere appreciation for his continued vertising their own lack of political vision The structure of Western Titoism rests on endeavors to make our communities a and greatness. Worse, in praising Tito's denials and distortions of incontrovertible better place in which to live.e "achievements" they were desecrating the facts. September 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25423

TITO'S TRUE RECORD role which Tito played in the movement of Tito's slogan about "brotherhood and The highlights of Tito's true record are: the non-aligned nations. Far from creating a unity" served only to better camouflage his When Hitler attacked Yugoslavia in April neutral force in the world, much less lean­ true policy. In any event, all the problems 1941, Tito, whom Stalin had appointed sec­ ing away from Moscow, towards Washing­ between the nations and nationalities com­ retary of the CPY in 1937, did not fight the ton, Tito was using his reputation of a "dif­ posing Yugoslavia, which existed in 1941, invader, Stalin's ally at that time, but sabo­ ferent", "independent" communist, to at­ exist today, exacerbated by the communist taged the short-lived Yugoslav war effort, as tract the nations of the Third World into an regime's policy of fomenting rivalry and dis­ did the Croatian "ustashi", puppets of Mus­ alliance which would be formally noncom­ unity, to consolidate the only unity that solini. mitted to either bloc, Soviet or American, counts, the unity of the communists, op­ Tito did not issue a call to arms until June but would actually always serve the goals of pressing the country and its people.e 22, 1941, when "our country", as he called communist imperialism. Tito left no doubt regarding his concept of the Soviet Union, was attacked by Hitler. communist Yugoslavia's role in the move­ Tito and his followers did not fight in the ment of the non-aligned. In a major policy TRIBUTE TO JEANNE WARD strategically decisive area of Yugoslavia and speech of December 29, 1962, Tito glorified the Balkans, the Morava-Vardar valley. Soviet "achievements": "We know that they This was the main area of operations of the are bearing great sacrifices not only to HON.CARLOSJ.MOORHEAD Chetniks of General Draza Mihailovich, defend themselves, but to defend socialism OF CALIFORNIA who gave a significant contribution to the in general". He then spoke of Yugoslavia's Allied war effort, which was recognized on role: "Yugoslavia enjoys ... especially great IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES New Year's eve of 1943 by the leading Allied prestige among the peoples of Asia and Monday, September 15, 1980 commanders, General Eisenhower, General Africa . . . this is beneficial not only to us Auchinleck, Air Marshal Tedder, General and to those countries, but also to the whole e Mr. MOORHEAD of California. Mr. De Gaulle, etc. progressive movement and all peace-loving In the course of 1943, fearing the. landing Speaker, on October 10, the Hear peoples. In that manner our policy contrib­ Center of Pasadena, Calif., will pre­ of contingents of American and British utes to the same goal towards which strives troops on the Dalmation coast, Tito offered the Soviet people . . . our common goal the sent its highest honor to Mrs. S. Paul his collaboration to Hitler, to prevent the realization of socialism, and, ultimately, Ward. common enemy from communism" discharging its international Mr. Speaker, Mrs. Ward is president and after several weeks of fighting the Ger­ debt to the world communist and human­ of the S. Paul Ward, Inc., Ceramic Re­ mans, entered Belgrade on October 20, 1944 ity's progress" propaganda claims. In June magazine NIN communist Yugoslavia sided According to The Economist the Pentagon budget is nority, increasing in population by 1 ly sagging military. nothing but rolls of fat, or that (b) all we / A recent commentary by the editor need are brave words to protect our inter­ million last year. Yet we have barely ests around the world. begun to address the problems of im­ of the Arizona Republic, Pat Murphy, migration, language, affirmative summarizes concisely the problems Not me. We're in a mess, militarily, and believing action, voting rights, and housing for facing the United States with our "un­ otherwise only serves as a reminder of the these people. derfunded" and "undersupplied mili­ Army's toy wooden rifles 40 years ago. In honoring Hispanics and their con­ tary." The Soviets still post the principal peril to tributions to our Nation this week, we I call to the attention of my col­ peace. Furthermore, they have the will and must think of what contributions we leagues Mr. Murphy's assessment of the way to carry out their policies. should make to them in return.e our defense posture. They outrank the United States 5-to-1 in U.S. Is MARCHING DowN RoAD To TROUBLE tanks; 8-to-l in artillery; 2-to-1 in tactical WITH UNDER-SUPPLIED MILITARY aircraft; 3-to-l in submarines. I haven't ALDO BECKMAN even included the arms lineup in Warsaw In the months before the United States Pact countries on which the Kremlin can was caught napping at Pearl Harbor, some depend for backup. HON. HENRY J. HYDE American military units had to prepare for If Congress were to write a blank check OF ILLINOIS war with toys. tomorrow for whatever the Pentagon wants, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Some infantrymen went into the field American assembly lines are incapable of re­ equipped with dummy wooden rifles, and ducing the gap with the Soviets for years to Monday, September 15, 1980 dummy mortars made of ordinary house­ come. • Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, the profes­ hold plumbing, and mock tanks shaped out But forget about catching up in numbers. sion of journalism lost one of its most of flatboard. We have airplanes that can't fly, and luminous members, when Aldo Beck­ The reason was because that's all the ships that can't go to sea because of too few Army had to go around. man died last week. Chief of the Chi­ experienced enlisted personnel-in effect, cago Tribune's Washington office, For years, the military had been on its we have a fine inventory of military hard­ knees pleading with Congress for funds. But ware that is as useless as none at all. Aldo was a friend of mine for many the nation scoffed at talk of war, even We can blame that, principally, on witless years. He was kind, gentle, thoughtful though Adolf Hitler was on the march in politicians who mindlessly campaigned and a superb newspaper man. Europe and the Japanese were going full tilt against the Pentagon budget, as though it His greatness of spirit was never on the China mainland. were some tainted woman. more manifest than during his last ill­ When Japan finally struck, our troops in They refused to think ahead. They looked ness, where we all learned more than the Pacific went into battle with 1903 A-3 back over their shoulders at Vietnam. we ever knew about bravery. All who bolt-action, single shot rifles, wearing their Are we, dread the thought, in the same fathers' World War I helmets. shared the honor of his friendship feel shape as those pre-World War II months, his loss keenly, but we all take a meas­ Now, consider 1980. when soldiers had only toy rifles and con­ We don't seem to have learned much in 40 gressmen still were pooh-poohing the idea ure of consolation in having had our years. that the military should be better pre­ lives enriched by having known and Items: pared?• loved him. A Pentagon study reports that six of the A colleague of Aldo's, Tribune col­ 10 Army divisions stationed in the continen­ umnist Bob Wiedrich has written a tal United States are unready for combat GREEN NOTES HISPANIC WEEK because of insufficient personnel, or poor moving column about this great training or inadequate provisions for friend, and I wish to share it with my combat. HON. S. WILLIAM GREEN colleagues: A Navy supply ship, the USS Canistero, OF NEW YORK Aldo Beckman was an honorable man. A could not go to sea because it· lacked three IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES devious thought never crossed his mind. of the five required senior boiler technicians He came from the rolling farm country of and two of eight needed machinists mates to Monday, September 15, 1980 west central Illinois, where the terrain operate the vessel. e Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I would slopes to the Mississippi River in a tangle of The Air Force grounds all 1, 700 of its F-4 glorious color and an earthy humor born of Phantom fighter planes because of a faulty like to bring to your attention the fact the land sustains its inhabitants through seat ejection system. that President Carter has proclaimed good times and bad. A congressman's spot check of 50 new F- this week National Hispanic Heritage Beckman brought that humor to the big 15 Eagle jet fighters at Langley Air Force Week. city when he joined The Tribune staff as a Base revealed that only 20 were "mission ca­ This is an important week for all of young reporter in 1959. pable"-while 20 of the remaining grounded us to honor. The Hispanic heritage is He also brought with him a perspective of first-line fighters were listed as "hangar the heritage of all Americans, as many humanity that served him well during the queens" because of prolonged troubles. of the earliest explorers and settlers of 21 years that he worked as a reporter and For the seventh straight year, the Navy writer for a newspaper that also had sprung this year will get fewer new planes than it the American Continent were Hispan­ from the Illinois prairie and reflected its loses through crashes and obsolescence. ics. They have fought side by side with values. The new 300,000-man Rapid Deployment people of all ethnic origins to establish From Criminal Courts reporter to White Force, intended to be rushed to world hot and preserve this Nation. House correspondent traveling world cap- September 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25425 itals, Beckman accepted people he met at In my years of personal contact with Aldo AUSTIN MAN IS NAMED every level of society for exactly what they Beckman, the newspaperman, I always ap­ POLICEMAN OF THE YEAR were. preciated his sense of history and his ability In writing about them, he reported accu­ to place in proper perspective what was hap­ rately. He didn't produce puff pieces. Nor pening now with what had happened before. HON. J. J. PICKLE did he ever demean. He took life as he That knowledge and skill enriched his of­ OF TEXAS found it. He faithfully told his readers what ferings to readers. It helped them better un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he learned. He didn't embellish. The truth derstand the world in which they lived. Monday, September 15, 1980 was his grail. Beckman's good works were not restricted And so, in his more than two decades as a solely to his own pen. He volunteered the • Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, in case working newspaperman, Bechman left an unique access he enjoyed to great events to any of you missed reading the special indelible record of highly credible observa­ fellow journalists. tions of historic events that few are privi­ Parade magazine supplement in yes­ leged to witness, much less report. During his grueling trip to the Peoples terday's Post, I am pleased to present Now Aldo Beckman is dead, taken by Republic of China with former President it here. Each year, Parade awards a cancer this week at the age of 45. And he Nixon in 1972, Beckman became the only "Police Service Award" along with the faced that dread disease as courageously as person ever to call me collect from Peking. International Association of Chiefs of he confronted the challenges met during his The phone would ring. And there would be that friendly voice speaking across thou­ Police. This week, an Austin, Tex., un­ reportorial career. dercover officer is receiving the award Perhaps the greatest joy of having known sands of miles, inconveniencing himself to Beckman as a friend and colleague was his provide my column with perceptive side­ in St. Louis. love and respect of his fellow man. Beckman lights of an unprecedented moment. James Wolsch puts his life on the found something interesting in everyone he Aldo Beckman considered his role as a line each day in Austin to make the met. And he was capable of conveying that scrivener of historic events important. streets safer for everyone. His job is a interest to readers with enthusiasm. And that recognition of a personal respon­ dangerous one. He frequently deals When Beckman was assigned to the Crimi­ sibility to accuracy reflected the reverence with the seamy underworld of high­ nal Courts Building beat in the early 1960s, with which he held the institutions that stakes narcotics peddling-and he does he encountered the peaks and valleys of govern this country. He viewed the Consti­ it in a humble spirit of service to the human behavior. For a young man, fresh tution with awe. And he regarded men in community. from the small farming community of Lima, high office who sought to corrupt it with Ill., the jailhouse with all its sordid sorrows disdain. I am pleased to present the article and frustrations must have been a cultural Aldo Beckman was what every newspaper­ about James Wolsch and join in salut­ shock. . man should aspire to be. He represented the ing his accomplishments and public Nevertheless, he treated everyone equal­ finest of his craft. I am proud to have had service: ly-from the lowliest defendant to the state­ him as a friend. I am prouder still to have THE LoNELY VIGIL OF SUPERNARC JAMES liest judge. And all became his admirers and been his colleague. WOLSCH friends. For they knew Beckman's word was I am grateful that the Illinois heartland good. He only lacked patience with phonies. gave him to my profession to share his AUSTIN, TEx.-A lot of folks in the seamy It was fun to watch Aldo Beckman grow warmth, intellect, wit, and humaness, if only for a relatively short time.e Austin underworld of heroin and "speed" professionally during those 21 years. He admit they're afraid of James Wolsch-an learned something new every day. He never undercover cop who's been described by col­ became jaded. He had no time for cynicism. leagues as a "supernarc." That's one reason During his apprenticeship at the Criminal SPECIAL ORDER FOR HON. he's been picked to receive the 15th annual Courts, he covered the big trials that made CLAUDE PEPPER, ON THE OCCA­ Police Service Award given by Parade and headlines. SION OF HIS BOTH BIRTHDAY, the International Association of Chiefs of But he also found time to write about the SEPTEMBER 8, 1980 Police . little people, the jail guards and bailiffs, The award, which will be presented to court reporters and clerks, the low profile Wolsch this week in St. Louis at the IACP's jobs that make government work. HON. JIM LLOYD annual convention, is a symbol of the By giving them recognition, he educated OF CALIFORNIA achievements of the nation's 485,000 police and informed his readers. He also cleverly officers who work largely without fanfare. developed a network of loyal informants IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The diversity of their jobs-from the risky who kept him abreast of events on his beat Monday, September 8, 1980 bomb squad details to the critical crimepre­ that sometimes even the big shots of the vention units-is exemplified by the 10 offi­ criminal justice system knew nothing about. • Mr. LLOYD. Mr. Speaker, it is a cers who have been cited for honorable Beckman took that same skill to Washing­ pleasure to join in celebrating the mention. ton when he was transferred to the Tribune 80th birthday of my friend and col­ One thing that sets 32-year-old Senior Pa­ bureau there in 1966. league, CLAUDE PEPPER. trolman Wolsch apart from other officers is Within a short time, Tribune readers were that "he's so successful at what he does," His active presence during his long says Austin Police Chief Frank Dyson. In a relishing informative feature stories about career in Congress has touched many the behind-the-scenes federal employes that city which Dyson describes as "a major make congressmen on Capitol Hill look people: Members, such as myself, who stockpile center" for drugs in the South­ good. have benefited from his experience west, Wolsch alone accounts for 50 percent And when Beckman became White House and leadership; the poor, the forgot­ of all the narcotics cases in the department, correspondent four years later, his stories ten, and the elderly, whose cause he and 25 percent of the cases handled by the about valets, butlers, chauffeurs, and secret has so effectively championed for other seven narcotics officers. service men, gleaned from the back corri­ many years; and his constituents, who He got his nickname, "Stoopdown," as a dors of the Executive Mansion, made not uniformed officer 10 years ago, when he could ask for no better voice in this worked the tough 11th Street section of only for interesting reading but assured him Chamber. a continuing supply of news tips. East Austin. Wolsch would hide his car and Senator PEPPER has not only au­ crouch behind the window of an abandoned He was a master at making friends be­ thored major legislation to advance the motel to watch the dealings of the dope cause he genuinely cherished them. legal right of older Americans, but has pushers and prostitutes in the area. People recognized that quality and natu­ "There wasn't a whole lot going on in his rally cottoned to the short statured man also set a personal example of achieve­ ment as effective as any legislation in district that he didn't know about," says Lt. with the midwestern twang and unassuming Bobby F. Simpson, who a few years later manner whose integrity was as good as gold striking down the misconceptions that picked Wolsch to do undercover narcotics in a town that has more than its share of foster ageism. He is a powerful exam­ work as part of a newly formed Organized four flushers. ple that ability is not age related, that Crime Control Unit. They knew that the information they en­ one may be wise as well as kind, and Wolsch is effective, says his commanding trusted to him would be reported faithfully that much can be accomplished in officer, Capt. Gilbert Miller, "because he and that neither they nor the truth would spite of adversity. can blend into any situation. He can go from be compromised because Beckman was a Senator, as we celebrate your pres­ the high to the low." One day he can be fair and impartial recorder of facts. He talking chemistry in a clandestine lab where never slanted a story. And those who dared ence and your contributions, you have methamphetamine, or "speed" is being pro­ suggest otherwise were treated with con­ my warmest wishes for much happi­ duced; the next he can be slapping backs tempt. ness and achievement to come.e with junkies in the ghetto. He wears no wigs 25426 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 15, 1980 or makeup, but can change his appearance MONEY MARKET MUTUAL not comfortable that I have an adequate simply by changing his hairstyle, which he FUNDS answer to the concerns you express. does three or four times a year. A measure As a starting point, I certainly agree with of his talent, says Miller, is that he's been your observation that the money funds HON. JIM LEACH have attracted deposits from both banks undercover six years-more than any other OF IOWA cop in the department-despite the fact and thrifts. In a period of high interest that the drug traffic in Austin "moves in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rates, investors obviously have found the closed circles." Monday, September 15, 1980 yield and liquidity characteristics of the funds to be superior to deposits for many Much of his undercover work involves e Mr. LEACH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, purposes-a disparity that reflects to a sub­ making "controlled buys" of drugs from from time to time over the last half stantial extent the more restrictive regula­ dealers, in an effort to become familiar in century substantial asset shifts have tions faced by banks and thrifts. the underworld and sniff out the big "fish" occurred between depository institu­ As you also suggest. the diversion of de­ who run large-scale drug operations. Wolsch tions and this disintermediation of posits to money funds probably has had its prepares for his role like an actor getting funds has jeopardized the capacity of greatest impact on the availability of credit ready to step on stage. If it's cocaine he's at smaller institutions, such as those often buying, he'll snort antihistamine and twist one type of institution or another to prominent in rural areas. This distortion of the nozzle in his nose to make it red like a fully meet its ongoing capital require­ credit flows was especially serious when fi­ "coke freak-." If it's heroin, he'll bum his ments. In the last several years prob­ nancial conditions generally where under arm with an acid stick to simulate needle lems of disintermediation have taken extraordinary strain, and it led to the tracks. on a novel character as new method­ March 14 actions imposing a special deposit Wolsch has a reputation for honesty. "It's ologies for attracting savings have requirement on growth in money fund axiomatic in law enforcement that narcotics been advanced. The most important assets. The requirement was removed only officers lie," says Travis County D.A. new methodology, the money market after the pressures in financial markets had Ronald Earle. "But I've never known James eased substantially and credit increasingly mutual fund, has enormous implica­ was available to a wide variety of borrowers to lie." tions for the institutional arrange­ at lower interest rates. That reputation not only makes Wolsch a ments by which savings are harnessed The relaxation of these immediate diffi­ valuable witness in court; it also makes him for economic growth. In addition, culties, of course, does not signal any credible to the informants who put their fu­ there are problems of competitive change in the fundamental competitive po­ tures on the line with him in return for in­ equity when one institutional arrange­ sitions of money funds and depository insti­ formation. A good narcotics officer "doesn't ment operates under a set of guide­ tutions. A number of factors constrain the ever promise an informant anything he lines more restrictive than those fol­ ability of banks and thrifts to compete with can't legally deliver,'' says Lt. Simpson. lowed by another methodology. In money funds. Recognizing the particular "Wolsch has all this-he can communicate." problem of ceiling rates, the Depository In­ order to insure the safety and sound­ stitutions Deregulation Committee moved What's more, says Simpson, the under­ ness of the banking and savings and world knows "he can't be bought." Typical to raise permissible rates a bit on certain is Wolsch's reaction to the $1 million bribe loan systems as well as the overall time deposits relative to market interest he was offered to lay off a clandestine economy, a careful reexamination of rates, as a first step in the Congressionally "speed" lab. "It was an insult,'' says Wolsch. existing policy toward money funds is mandated process of phasing out these ceil­ in order. ings. But there are obvious limitations on W olsch even has earned the respect of In this connection, a recent ex­ the extent to which that can be an answer some of his criminal adversaries. "He change of letters between Federal Re­ in the near term, given the existing assets doesn't despise the people he works with serve Chairman Volcker and myself and earnings of the institutions. Even when the way many cops do,'' says Capt. Miller. the "deregulatory" process is completed, de­ In fact, Wolsch has even helped rehabilitate discusses some aspects of the problem pository institutions still will operate under some of the junkies he's arrested. and current Federal Reserve thinking: much more pervasive regulations than Danger is the name of the game in under­ JULY 24, 1980. money funds, including reserve require­ cover narcotics work, perhaps more than in Hon. PAUL A. VOLCKER, ments on transactions and nonpersonal time any other aspect of police work, says Capt. Chairman, Board of Governors, Federal Re­ accounts. Miller, because of the high financial stakes serve, Washington, D. C. There is, of course. another side of the DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: During the Banking story. Partially offsetting the regulatory and the use of weapons. But Wolsch seems Committee hearing yesterday I briefly disadvantages are insurance on deposits and blind to its terrors. "There are a lot of raised the problem of insuring equitable the ability of depository institutions to offer people in town who would like to buy James competition between financial institutions customers a wide variety of services in one off-or have him killed," says Miller. Once and money market mutual funds. The cur­ location. I have been surprised recently with someone almost succeeded. A ring of "pill rent advantages enjoyed by money funds the rapid growth in passbook savings ac­ pushers" hired an assassin to murder have caused massive deposits to be shifted counts at both banks and thrift institutions Wolsch during a drug buy. He was saved by from banks and savings and loans into near­ even though money fund rates are well over an informant's call. bank operations. The money fund develop­ yields on these accounts. More broadly, Wolsch, whose salary is $20,000 a year, ment would appear to be particularly dam­ from the savings and consumer standpoint, says he was a mediocre high school student aging to small, rural financial institutions, money market funds are attractive and effi. who became interested in police work at the compared to money-center ones, and conse­ cient; they contribute to both consumer sat­ age of 20 by riding in a squad car with a quently to the overall rural economy. isfaction and the national interest in sav­ I would be appreciative of any thoughts ings. neighborhood cop. At the time, he was you might have on this problem and if you working as a TV repairman. "If there was a Nevertheless, savers have become ex­ could indicate whether the Federal Reserve tremely sensitive to even small changes in problem I couldn't solve, I'd stay on the job intends to utilize its authority and/or rec­ the relative advantages of holding different until 10 or 11 until I got it fixed,'' he recalls. ommend legislation to establish competitive assets. In the still uncertain financial envi­ He approached narcotics work with the equality between financial institutions and ronment we face, a substantial diversion of same dogged persistence. But on the way to money funds. flows from depository institutions to money becoming a top undercover cop, he has Thank you for your consideration. funds could recur, and, indeed, except for made a sacrifice. "We don't do much as a Sincerely, the past few weeks, the money funds have family,'' admits his wife, Peggy, who was his JIM LEACH, remained in a relatively strong competitive high school sweetheart. Member of Congress. position. Given the urgent need to encourage sav..­ But the bottom line, she says, is that ings that can be channeled into investment, James is happy. That's why she's willing to BOARD OF GOVERNORS, it would obviously be preferable to redress put up with the calls from informants at 2 FEDERAL RESERVE .SYSTEM, competitive imbalances by removing restric­ a.m. and with a husband who's rarely home Washington, D.C., August 22, 1980. tions on banks and thrifts when possible for her or their two adopted children, Hon. JIM LEACH, rather than to impose limits on money Johnny, 10, and Nicole, 7. House of Representatives, funds. But given the restraints on progress But he insists that the sacrifice is worth Washington, D. C. in that direction, I am left with the nagging it, not because of any overriding sense of D!!AR JIM: I have hesitated for too long in concern that the situation is unbalanced. public duty, but simply because ... somebody answering your inquiry about money Imposing an interest rate ceiling, a la Reg. has to do it."e market funds for one reason: I frankly am Q, seems neither desirable nor feasible. One September · 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25427 approach toward balance might be to, in ages, he truly during his lifetime be­ well as human rights of the Iranian people, effect, force a choice between reserve re­ longed to the Nation. should also have been of importance in view quirements or conducting only a "non-trans­ I am proud of him and grateful to of America's longstanding association with action account" business. But that would be have had the opportunity to know him Iran. a substantial departure from the traditions The crisis that came in 1978 developed of mutual fund regulation. Moreover, we and to have served with him. rapidly, but not so suddenly as to have pre­ need to balance the needs of consumers and Mr. Speaker, in expressing these few cluded a careful assessment of U.S. options savers. words of respect and remembrance on and the formulation of a policy to enhance In sum, I have no legislative proposal the occasion of Bill Colmer's passing, I American interests. But to decide among now-but I do believe the situation bears also want to communicate to his those options required a mature under­ watching. And I would be delighted to ex­ widow, Ruth, and to all members of standing of the nature of the revolution plore your own thinking further. his family, my deepest sympathy·• that was sweeping Iran in 1978 and the fac­ Sincerely, tors that contributed to its rapid success. It PAUL•• was far more complex than the simplistic Is­ FORMER AMBASSADOR RE- lamic revolution label accorded it by the press. TRIBUTE TO REPRESENTATIVE COUNTS EVENTS LEADING TO Rather, the 1978 crisis was an uprising BILL COLMER FALL OF SHAH OF IRAN - that was joined by all the enemies of the Pahlavis. These included the old aristocrats HON. ROBERT McCLORY HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN from the Qajar regime; the feudal landhold­ OF OHIO ers who had lost their villages in the land OF ILLINOIS reform programs; the social democrats who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had been suppressed with Prime Minister Monday, September 15, 1980 Wednesday, September 10, 1980 Mohammad Mossedeq in 1953; the ba­ • Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, zaaris-the traditional merchant class-who e Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Spea~er, it was felt left out of the shah's industrialization with a sense of personal loss that I over the past several months during program; the young, rootless industrial learned of the passing of our long-time which our American hostages have workers who had never been able to adjust former colleague, Representative Wil­ been held captive in Iran, many have to their vagrant life in the cities; the various liam M. Colmer of Mississippi. wondered how the United States could radical Islamic groups such as the Mujaha­ In a very real sense, Bill Colmer was have let the Iranian situation get so deen and the Fedayeen; the separatists in far out of hand. Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, and elsewhere; the an institution who flourished during a old tribal chieftains who flocked back from period of great transition in this great­ As the following illuminating re­ count of the events leading up to the exile; the pro-Soviet communists of the est of all legislative bodies. While Rep­ Tudeh party; and the other communist resentative Bill Colmer was a true fall of the Shah of Iran demonstrates, groups who eschewed Moscow's direction. southerner and a lifetime Democrat, the stage was set during the 1978 Iran­ All of these opponents of the Pahlavi dy­ he belonged more truly to the entire ian crisis. The article, written by Wil­ nasty, for their own individual reasons, were Nation and to both political parties. liam H. Sullivan, the U.S. Ambassador willing to band together for the negative Representative Bill Colmer was one to Iran during the fall of the Shah, purpose of overthrowing the shah. All were clearly illustrates the misguided for­ under the ostensible leadership of Ayatollah of the first Members of the House Ruhollah Khomeini, who, fired by his own with whom I became acquainted when eign policy decisions of the Carter ad­ ministration which resulted in the personal animosity toward the Pahlavis, was I came to this great body in 1963. At able to give the movement the coloration of that time, my principal interest was in downfall of the Shah and contributed a religious crusade. the budgetary prerogatives of the Con­ to the current volatile Iranian situa­ The American embassy in Tehran at­ gress. I conferred and cooperated with tion. tempted in its reporting to convey the com­ Bill Colmer in early efforts to estab­ As we pray for our American hos­ plex and negative nature of this revolution lish a Congressional Budget Commit­ tages and grow increasingly concerned and to express the view that the direction over the possibility of war in the Per­ Iran would take in a post-shah period was tee-with a view toward putting our far from preordained. I believe the State Federal Government's fiscal house in si~n Gulf over oil, we should know the truth about how these events devel­ Department, in general, understood and ac­ order. cepted those reports. There were, however, Mr. Speaker, if Bill Colmer's views oped. I insert the Sullivan article as those at State who were so strongly opposed had been adopted at that time, the follows: to the shah because of the human rights abuses of his regime that they wished to see U.S. budget would have been in bal­ ENvoY'S VERSION OF THE COLLAPSE ance and the ensuing huge deficits him collapse no matter what the conse­ (By William H. Sullivan> quences for the United States or its allies. would never have been countenanced Iran, at the head of the Persian Gulf and Therefore, when the State Department or been possible. stretching along its northern and eastern advanced the view that the shah's regime As an archconservative, Representa­ shores, has always served as a barrier would not survive, there were many others tive Bill Colmer's progressive and in­ against Russian ambitions toward the in the Washington bureaucracy, particular­ novative views may never have been Indian Ocean and the Arabian Peninsula. ly on the National Security Council , who attributed and, in recent years, tempered whatever State's perception, and by indirection that his goals for our country were idealis­ plans the Soviets may have had to move of the embassy, to an expression of wishful tic and his thoughts were truly en­ into or manipulate the area. thinking on the part of those whose vision lightened. He was a very fair and un­ In recent years, the United States has was blurred by their zeal for human rights. derstand.ing individual who embraced come to depend upon the Persian Gulf for This division in perceptions within the the highest principles of character and 30 per cent of its oil imports. Western Eu­ Washington bureaucracy also extended to statesmanship. rope's dependency is over 60 per cent and the nature of instructions that were sent to Mr. Speaker, it is most interesting Japan's is over 70 per cent. Therefore, the the embassy or, more often, to the absence integrity and independence of Iran have of any instructions whatsoever because the that when Representative Bill Colmer become of significant importance to the bureaucracy could not agree upon their retired from the Congress in 1972, he United States and to its allies. Conversely, terms. Most significant in these divisions was succeeded by his administrative in strategic terms the disintegration of Iran was the difference in perception a.bout the assistant, TRENT LOTT, who ran as a or its economic dependence upon the Soviet , shah's willingness to use force to· suppress Republican in the Fifth District of bloc would represent a major gain for the the revolution. Mississippi. Bill Colmer supported Soviet Union. TRENT LoTT's candidacy as a Republi­ Consequently, the policy of the United DIVISIONS IN WASHINGTON States in an Iranian crisis should have been Time and again the shah told me that he can and thereafter supported the elec­ guided primarily by concern for the preser­ would not use force because a "king cannot tion of Republican Presidential candi­ vation of the territorial integrity of that murder his own people." With what I re­ date Gerald R. Ford in 1976. nation and its independence from Soviet garded as more convincing logic, he told me Mr. Speaker, while Representative control or manipulation. Other concerns, that if he used force, he could suppress the William M. Colmer now belongs to the such as the well-being and the political as spreading revolution only as long as he him- 25428 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 15, 1980 self lived. Since he reckoned his mortality in ship, we should determine whether we could consult with Khomeini. We already knew a short time frame, he felt the suppressed broker an arrangement that would permit from contacts with his entourage that he forces would blow up in the face of his son, the armed forces to remain intact. They was concerned about bloodshed between the and the dynasty would, in any event, be would have to be under the direction of a revolutionaries and the armed forces when blasted away. government that would enjoy the support of he returned to Tehran after the planned de­ In Washington, these embassy reports the groups that would prevail after the suc­ parture of the shah. We also assumed that were apparently received with divided con­ cess of the revolution and that would have he had given general sanction to the ar­ clusions. The State Department-and even­ the blessing of Khomeini. I anticipated (cor­ rangements we had made with the revolu­ tually the Central Intelligence Agency-ac­ rectly, as it turned out) that the first gov­ tionary leaders in Tehran, but felt it was im­ cepted them objectively and believed the ernment to emerge from the shock of the portant that we have his first-hand accept­ shah would follow a policy of concession revolution would be headed by Medhi Bar­ ance of these understandings. rather than force. Other elements of the zagan, a benevolent social democrat. MISSION TO KHOMEINI bureaucracy, led by National Security Ad­ KEY MESSAGE IGNORED I discussed this suggestion on the secure viser Zbigniew Brzezinski, apparently I never received a reply to this fundamen­ telephone directly with Secretary of State thought that I had abandoned 32 years of tal message. Instead, it soon became appar­ Cyrus Vance. He approved the general idea profe~ional objectivity and was subjectively ent that my views were no longer welcome and then sent me, by a system called secure tailoring my telegrams to fit what they con­ at the White House. Emissaries of various telecon, a talking paper for use by our emis­ ceived to be the mood of the State Depart-· sary. When I had agreed to its terms, he ment. types began to arrive from Washington to assess the situation de novo and to encour­ then instructed me to discuss the entire en­ BRZEZINSKI TURNS TO ZAHEDI age the shah to use force. One of these not terprise with the shah, whose departure was In this pernicious atmosphere, U.S. policy trapped into unreality was Senate Majority less than two weeks away. After I received formulation broke down. By November 1978 Leader Robert Byrd. I believe he left the shah's acquiescence, Vance informed me Brzezinski began to make his own policy Tehran understanding the true situation. that he had selected as our emissary Ambas­ and established his own "embassy" in Iran. On December 20 the leader of the military sador Theodore Eliot, the inspector general That embassy materialized in the person of government suffered a heart attack, and the of the Foreign Service, former ambassador Ardeshir Zahedi, the shah's ambassador in situation that I had anticipated on Novem­ to Afghanistan, former economic counselor Washington, who returned to Tehran at ber 9 came to pass. As if to underline this in Tehran, and a fluent Farsi linguist. I ap­ Brzezinski's behest with the explicit mission fact, Azhari summoned me to his sickbed to plauded the choice. Here was a man who un­ of pulling the shah's resolve together so tell me that the regime was lost "due to the derstood Khomeini and the nuances of the that he could suppress the revolution. indecision of the king." I duly reported this Iranian situation. He could convey in a Zahedi to urge the shah to use force. These to Washington and then went on to say that forceful manner the full dignity of Ameri­ confidence. He saw the shah frequently and I intended to move along the lines I had rec­ can purpose as well as American sincerity. reported daily Con the open international ommended in my cable of November 9. I then turned my attention toward a re­ telephone monitored by the Soviets> to There were no instructions to the contrary, finement of plans for the evacuation of Brzezinski. He also made reports to me. and so I began to steer the embassy through American officials and civilians. Zahedi is an engaging fellow. He is a ro­ a series of actions that sought to establish During the first week of January, I re­ mantic in a very Persian way and has an the ground rules under which the Iranian ceived an urgent nighttime message from ebullient belief in his own actions. His armed forces, purged of some of their more Washington informing me that the Eliot father had been chief of the armed forces controversial leaders, would be accepted by mission had been canceled and that the that restored the shah to power in 1953, and a Barzagan government. president had directed that the shah be so Ardeshir himself played a part in that At the same time, we sought to determine informed. The president, who had stayed in counter-coup. In his home, I found a rather on what terms the armed forces would Guadeloupe after the economic summit tatterdemalion remnant of the figures who accept such an arrangement. Because many meeting with Western European leaders to had participated in that successful 1953 of those who engaged for patriotic reasons do some deep-sea fishing, was accompanied action. But in assaying them, I found them in those conversations are still in Iran, and in his retreat only by Brzezinski. I sent an would-be leaders without troops. Those they because their patriotic motives may be sus­ impassioned reply to the secretary of state had led in 1953 were, in 1978, on the other pect in the highly charged atmosphere imploring reconsideration and stating that side of the barricades. there, I shall not go into detail about these cancellation of the Eliot mission would be The shah seemed to feel the same way, various discussions. an "irretrievable" mistake. I received a curt for he continually told me to warn Washing­ MILITARY TRANSITION SET rejection that cited all the cabinet officers ton not to pay attention to Zahedi because who agreed with the president. When I told he did not understand the current situation. Suffice it to say that detailed understand­ the shah, he reacted with incredulity and Naturally, my reports of this warning served ings were reached between the armed forces asked how the United States expected to in­ only to deepen the divisions and heighten and revolutionary leaders in Tehran: A fluence "these people," if it would not even the suspicions that beset Washington at number of senior officers would have been allowed to leave the country with the shah, deal with them. that time. and a transfer of allegiance of the remain­ As far as I could determine, the United URGING THE SHAH TO FIGHT ing armed forces would have been made in a States, on the eve of the shah's departure, The confusion also contaminated the way that would have preserved their integ­ was left with no policy. I immediately Iranians. Brzezinski reportedly encouraged rity. thought of all the American citizens who Zahedi to urge the shah to use force. These At about this time, the internecine squab­ would be caught up in the confrontation messages were doubtless embroidered in bling in Washington began to impinge upon that would result if no arrangements were being relayed to their high destination. my communications. I began to discover worked out for a peaceful transition. We When the shah turned to me for confirma­ that any sensitive message I sent, no matter had to move immediately from a situation tion of these appeals, I could point only to how highly classified, that digressed from in which we foresaw a controlled transfer of platitudinous cables that leaned toward con­ the views of the National Security Council power to one in which I could perceive noth­ decension. staff would appear, almost verbatim, in the ing but chaos, for the shah had already Matters came to a head in mid-November. New York Times. I therefore had to use the fixed the date when he would swear in A military government, headed by General Bakhtiar as prime minister and then leave secure telephone exclusively to communi­ the country. Gholam Azhari, has been installed on No­ cate with the Department of State. vember 5, 1978 after rioting and arson had When plans for the peaceful transfer of THE BRZEZINSKI FACTOR left Tehran in a shambles. On November 9 I military authority had sufficiently matured However, I overlooked the Brezezinski sent a message to Washington saying that and when the shah had decided to leave the factor. It appears that he had a plan in this was the last chance for the shah to con­ country and hand over a fig-leaf of authori­ mind. He had already sent to Tehran Gen­ trol the revolutionary process. If this gov­ ty to a government headed by a man he de­ eral Robert Huyser, deputy commander of ernment failed, I stated that we should an­ spised-Shahpour Bakhtiar-1 felt it was U.S. forces in Europe and deputy of Alexan­ ticipate the collapse of the shah and look important that the nature of the proposed der Haig, supreme allied commander in for alternate means to protect and preserve transition be discussed with and understood Europe. I had used Huyser frequently in the our interests. I defined those interests in by Khomeini, who was in Paris. This was es­ past to help us guide the Iranians in the re­ terms of the territorial integrity and inde­ pecially important because Bakhtiar jaunti­ structuring of their armed forces' comm.and­ pendence of Iran and said that, given the ly took the position that he, rather than and-control system so that they would be nature of the revolution, the only instru­ Khomeini and the victorious revolution, able to utilize some of the sophisticated ment that could advance those objectives would exercise governmental power despite equipment we had sold them. When it was was the armed forces. the fact that he had no constituency and no proposed that Huyser come to Iran at the We should act, therefore, to preclude the popular support. time of the shah's departure, Haig tele­ armed forces from being chewed up in the Accordingly, I proposed that an authorita­ phoned me on the secure line to say that he revolution. Because of our special relation- tive emissary be sent from Washington to was opposed to the mission and would September 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25429 resign if it were undertaken. It was under­ has happened in Iran. But perhaps I can colleagues will see the need for my dis­ taken, and he resigned. end this article by quoting Bazargan from charge petition on H.R. 3263, and will Huyser, every inch a straightforward good an interview that he gave to Oriana Fallaci: add their signatures to the petition.e soldier, arrived in Tehran somewhat flus­ "Then think of the deplorable state in tered by the nature of his mission and by which the army, police and security forces Haig's resignation. He moved in with me, find themselves, all of them indispensable and we shared all our message traffic and bodies for establishing law and order ... TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIF­ our common concerns. We did not always The revolutionary committees and the revo­ ERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAP­ agree. But when we differed, we did so lutionary guards cannot perform their ONS openly and with due respect to our differ­ duties because they're not trained, they ences. quarrel among themselves and they refuse HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER Huyser's mission, as described in the brief to take orders from us . . . I say that these official order he received, was to assist in are things that would paralyze any govern­ OF NEW YORK maintaining the integrity of the armed ment."• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forces and in transferring their loyalty from Monday, September 15, 1980 the departing shah to the Bakhtiar regime. Parallel to this order, I received terse THE REGULATION REFORM ACT e Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, Con­ instructions telling me that the policy of OF 1980 gress will soon determine the fate of the U.S. government was to support the efforts to end the proliferation of nu­ Bakhtiar government without reservation clear arms. and to assist its survival. I replied by point­ HON. JAMES T. BROYHILL OF NORTH CAROLINA To date, 116 countries have ratified ing out that the Bakhtiar government was a the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of chimera that the shah had created to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nuclear Weapons. Forty-six countries, permit a dignified departure, that Bakhtiar Monday, September 15, 1980 himself was quixotic and would be swept including India, have not signed the aside by the arrival of Khomeini and his e Mr. BROYIDLL. Mr. Speaker, as an treaty. India stands alone as the supporters in Tehran. Moreover, I argued active participant in the effort to nation which has produced a nuclear that it would be reckless to transfer the loy­ enact a regulatory reform bill this bomb by flouting U.S. peaceful use alty of the armed forces to Bakhtiar be­ Congress, I am greatly disappointed to guarantees. Since exploding the so­ cause this would cause the destructive con­ see that the Judiciary Committee has called peaceful nuclear device in 1974, frontation between the armed forces and once again decided to forestall any using, in the process, U.S. heavy the revolutionaries that we hoped to avoid. further action on H.R. 3263, the Regu­ water, India has rejected all agree­ It would result in the disintegration of the armed forces and eventually in the disinte­ lation Reform Act of 1980. ments regarding the manufacturing of gration of Iran. It would be directly con­ A number of Judiciary Committee atomic bombs. trary to U.S. interests. members, acting in their individual ca­ Despite this and countless other dis­ ACERBIC EXCHANGES pacities and in conjunction with com­ turbing actions, President Carter now By this time, my exchanges with Wash­ mittee staff members, have been work­ urges, in the name of geopolitics, that ington had become increasingly acerbic. The ing continuously this past year to we approve the sale of 38 tons of nu­ reply I received to this message, in my judg­ reach a final good faith compromise clear fuel to India. Both the House ment, contained an insulting aspersion upon on the various provisions of H.R. 3263. Committee on Foreign Affairs and the my loyalty and instructed me, in no uncer­ These individuals recognize the over­ Senate Committee on Foreign Rela­ tain terms, to support Bakhtiar no matter whelming need for enactment of regu­ tions have voted to override the Presi­ what reservations I had. At this point I de­ latory reform legislation at this time. I dent's misguided decision. cided, like Haig, to resign. However, I still was responsible for protecting about 15,000 was encouraged to learn that the com­ I urge my colleagues to support the remaining Americans in the face of envelop­ mittee had decided to hold a mark up "Resolutions of Disapproval," written ing chaos. I therefore quenched my Irish session on H.R. 3263 on September 9, by Mr. BINGHAM and reported favor­ temper, sent my wife out of the country, as full committee action on the bill ably by the Foreign Affairs Commit­ prepared for the worst, and delayed my res­ had ground to a halt several months tee, which would block the fuel ship­ ignation until after the anticipated holo­ ago. In fact, it was because the bill has ments, and I urge the leadership to caust. been stalled in Committee for so long bring this matter to a vote quickly. As the confrontation between Bakhtiar that I felt compelled to file discharge Let us scrutinize the geopolitical and Khomeini quickened, Huyser received continuing instructions to prepare the petition No. 12 to bring H.R. 3263 to consideration surrounding this sale. armed forces for conflict in defense of the the House floor for consideration. On June 19, Mr. Carter signed an Ex­ Bakhtiar regime.· On the ba.Sis of his obser­ And now, no sooner had the Septem­ ecutive order overruling the unani­ vations, he offered to Washington his opin­ ber 9 markup session been scheduled mous vote by the Nuclear Regulatory ion that in such a confrontation the armed than the decision was suddenly re­ Commission to disallow the sale of forces would prevail. But he always tem­ versed, and markup on H.R. 3263 in­ fuel to India, citing the need for the pered this observation by stating that I disa­ definitely postponed. Mr. Speaker, United States to bolster our relations greed and that I believed the army would such arbitrary actions do nothing to with nations in South Asia, particular­ disintegrate when ordered to fire on revolu­ tionaries, some of whom were relatives of get legislation enacted, and in the case ly those that can play a role in check­ the soldiers. As a result, their arms would be of the Regulation Reform Act, the ing Soviet expansionism. On July 8, dispersed throughout the whole tangled and sudden decision to cancel the commit­ India recognized the pro-Soviet Heng conflicting fabric of the revolutionary tee's consideration of the bill is par­ Samrin government in Kampuchea. forces, making it impossible for the Bazar­ ticularly regrettable. With everyone After President Carter reportedly gan government to assume quick and effec­ clamoring for meaningful regulatory promised Prime Minister Indira tive control when it inevitably took power. reform before the end of this Con­ Gandhi the pending fuel shipments The armed forces understood this also. When General Abbas Gharabaghi, their gress, we are all the losers as a result for the 'I'arapur facility at Bombay, commander in chief, decided to resign, of this short-sighted maneuver. India signed a $1.6 billion arms deal Bakhtiar, who had been assured by Wash­ While I was pleased to learn that with the Soviets. This nation to which ington that I was under instructions to sup­ the Judiciary Committee had decided we are now asked to give enriched ura­ port him, called me into the actual meeting to take up H.R. 3263, the recent rever­ nium also recognizes the Palestine Lib­ during which Gharabaghi attempted to sal of that decision points up the need eration Organization. submit his resignation. Like two characters for taking an alternative tack to get India is a nation whose prime minis­ in a Greek tragedy in which both knew the ter has vowed to explode more peace­ futility of their actions, I remained true to the regulatory bill to the House floor. my ambassadorial oath by urging the gener­ We can no longer afford to sit by and ful nuclear devices if she deems it to al to withdraw his resignation, and he wait while the Judiciary Committee be necessary. agreed to do so. It was a sickening perform" vacillates, in response to whatever out­ India is a nation which has hindered ance for both of us. side forces motivates it, on whether or our efforts to secure the release of our THE ROAD NOT TAKEN not we will see the enactment of regu­ hostages in Iran by undermining the I have no way of stating categorically that latory reform legislation this Con­ U .S. embargo. On June 14, India an­ the road not taken would have averted what gress. Now, more than ever, I hope my nounced its intention to send grain 25430 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 15, 1980 and a number of industrial products to ments continue while India refuses to commitment to the ideals upon which Iran to enable that country to meet subject its facilities to international our Nation was founded. shortages stemming from sanctions safeguards, let those responsible for I extend to Mr. Gaglioti my com­ imposed by the United States. the decision know that thousands of mendation and my very best wishes India is a nation which did not sup­ kilograms of plutonium will be stock­ for every happiness and success in his port the United Nations resolution on piled by India during this decade with­ future endeavors.e the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. out safeguards. Indira Gandhi's con­ While the administration claims tinual transgressions against the that this sale will increase stability United States in foreign policy matters THE BOTTLERS BILL: WERE ANTI­ with a key South Asian democracy, my gives little room for optimism that COMPETITIVE CONCERNS JUS­ distinguished colleagues on the for­ continued uranium shipments will buy TIFIED? eign affairs panel who voted against anything other than worldwide disre­ the sale will tell you otherwise. In gard for U.S. efforts for nonprolifera­ HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI fact, to allow the sale to India could tion. OF KENTUCKY accelerate Pakistan's efforts to acquire This is the first test case of whether IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a nuclear weapons capability. we will continue nuclear trade with Proponents of this sale argue that Monday, September 15, 1980 nations deliberately maintaining the e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, during India will turn to the Soviet Union for option of making nuclear weapons by nuclear fuel. Russia's willingness to do deliberations on the so-called bottlers refusing to allow inspections of nucle­ bill, which was signed into law on July so is unlikely. In the mid-1960's, when ar activities. the Soviet leaders were worried about 9, 1980, by the President, some con­ . At issue is not only nonprolifera ti on, cerns were raised about the possible the possibility of West Germany ac­ but the perception of U.S. strength quiring nuclear arms, Moscow joined anticompetitive effects of this bill on and integrity abroad. In his 1977 mes­ the soft drink industry. the United States as a prime mover in sage to Congress, Mr. Carter said "if negotiating the nonproliferation As the following Wall Street Journal our policy is too weak, we could find article indicates, competition within treaty. The U.S.S.R. is required by the ourselves powerless to restrain a treaty and the 1977 nuclear suppliers the soft drink industry is more vigor­ deadly worldwide expansion of nuclear ous and resolute than ever. guidelines to demand safeguards on all explosives capability." exported nuclear material, and, under The article reads as follows: Approval of this sale will teach every SOFT-DRINK MAKERS' DISCOUNTING HAS the latter, not to undercut U.S. actions member nation to the Nuclear Non­ in furtherance of nonprolifera ti on ob­ SOME WORRIED OVER EFFECTS Proliferation Treaty that it has no whose the only or the best means of educating stu­ the Congress and in their disclosures first learned language is other than English, dents with primary languages other than to the American people. <2> who speak a language other than Eng­ English. It is our belief that the mandating Mr. Speaker, the distinguished col­ lish, or <3> in whose homes a language other of specific instructional methodology, tech­ than English is spoken. umnist Mary McGrory has summa­ nique, and delivery systems is not within rized this pattern of White House and The degree of students' proficiency in the purview of the federal government. English is assessed by several means. Stand­ Lau v. Nichols is a clear mandate for Attorney General conduct in a most il­ ardized achievement test scores are exam­ equal opportunity; complying with that luminating and incisive column which ined by classroom and reading resource mandate ought to be left to local districts appeared in the Wednesday, Septem­ teachers. Students scoring within a year of when they have acted in good faith to ber 10, issue of the Chicago Tribune. grade level are considered to be in need of accept that responsibility. A mandated bilin­ Mr. Speaker, I am attaching Mary no further assistance. Students whose grade gual program which is unsupported as ex­ McGrory's column for the edification level deficiency is more than one year of clusively effective and, apparently, organi­ grade level are individually screened by the of my colleagues: zationally and economically disastrous is ATTORNEY GENERAL WITH Two HATS TESOL specialist. The diagnostic process in­ not in the best interest of students with a cludes an interview, a test of listening com­ primary language other than English, nor is Chairman Birch Bayh of the prehension, an oral syntax measure, graded it in the best interest of the Virginia Beach Senate Billy Committee poured sympathy reading word lists, and, with older students, City Public Schools. The proposed "Lau over the impassive witness. Poor Benjamin an assessment of writing skills. Regulations" and the concept of a federally Civiletti, he has to wear two hats, one as at­ Prescriptive recommendations for the in­ mandated bilingual program should be re­ torney general of the United States and the · struction of each student are made to the other as the "President's lawyer." principal who has the responsibility for des­ jected.• Civiletti, the day before, got low marks ignating a teacher, aide, volunteer, or peer from three Justice Department subordi­ teacher to provide instructional assistance TRIBUTE TO ELWYN G. RAIDEN nates for his performance in the Billy in ESL. Additionally, the TESOL specialist Carter case. The President, however, gave provides each student with appropriate ESL him a pat on the back. instructional and supplementary materials, HON. JOHN J. RHODES Civiletti has always understood his place. conducts in-service training for ESL instruc­ OF ARIZONA !tight after his appointment, the President tors, and confers with classroom teachers, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES towed him over to Baltimore to show him counselors, and administrative personnel to off before the Sons of Italy as an example meet the individual needs of the student. A Monday, September 15, 1980 of the heights upwardly striving Italo­ summer session of more intensive English as • Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, another Americans can aspire to in a Carter adminis­ a Second Language is provided free of long-term employee of the House, tration. charge at a magnet school; summer classes Elwyn G. Raiden, has retired after Civiletti knew what was expected of him serve mutli-language and multi-cultural in the Billy matter. He tried to wall himself groups. serving a quarter of a century in the off from it. He was eventually caught be­ It is our position that the total immersion Sergeant at Arms office. As overseer tween his tigerish Foreign Agents Registra­ ESL program is the most economically, or­ of the bank, he has probably served in­ tion Unit, which was hot on Billy's trail, and ganizationally, and educationally feasible dividually more Members an~ staff a White House which is not notable for no- September 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25433 ticing the conflict between protecting the Kirbo. The President, Kirbo told him, two of Garfield Heights, Ohio, submitted Constitution and protecting the President. days after the second unfortunate news con­ the following material to the Auto The thing that most becomes Civiletti as ference, "asked me to tell you to keep your Task Force. Mayor Holtz describes attorney general was that he allowed the in­ chin up, and he has great confidence in some of the extreme measures his city vestigation of the President's younger you." brother to go forward. You have only to What Lugar at length brought out was has been forced to take in response to consider the likelihood of such an event in that Civiletti was merely following his the recent drop in American auto the Nixon years to see that a triumph of leader in ambivalence. Jimmy Carter, as sales. I would like to share his letter justice had occurred. leader of the Western world, deplored his with my colleagues. Having done that, Civiletti tried to forget brother's tight friendship with a terrorist The letter follows: about it. But his studied indifference was country. Nonetheless he urged him on, ca­ THE CITY OF GARFIELD HEIGHTS, shattered last April when someone, unbid­ bling congratulations after Billy's first trip Garfield Heights, Ohio, August 28, 1980. den, handed him two documents relating to to Libya, and asking him to bring the THE AUTOMOBILE TASK FORCE, Billy which, as luck would have it, would Libyan representative to the White House cf o Hon. WILLIAM BRODHEAD, have nailed him cold. to negotiate the hostages' release. Longworth House Office Building, As attorney general, his heart must have It's no wonder Civiletti switched hats so leapt up to see in a secret intelligence report Washington, D. C. often in the Billy affair. Everyone was doing DEAR REPRESENTATIVE BRODHEAD: Due to the "smoking gun" his underlings had been it.• seeking in their efforts to bridle Billy. But extremely limited funds available for the the President's lawyer was affronted by the purpose of travel of officials of the City of gift and put it aside. JAMES A. BYRNE, IN MEMORIAM Garfield Heights, Ohio, I am unable to The reason he gave is one that has been appear to give testimony before the Auto­ heard before in the Caucus Room: national HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI motive Task Force Hearings that are sched­ security. He considered it a higher duty to uled to begin in Detroit on Tuesday, Sep­ avoid compromsing "high sensible, fragile, OF WISCONSIN tember 2, 1980, at 10:00 A.M., nor am I able and secret" sources. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to send a representative. In lieu of personal appearance by the un­ Civiletti is a bland man with an undershot Monday, September 15, 1980 jaw and nerve ends well below the surface. dersigned, or a representative, I am forward­ His greatest aversion, it seems, is to "kicking e Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, like ing this written appearance to you for your up dust." many of my colleagues whose service information and, hopefully, to be included "I thought it would kick up dust," he said in this body dates back to 1952 and in the record of the hearing. in explaining why he thought it would make even beyond, I was greatly saddened to The City of Garfield Heights is a commu­ better men of his investigators if they nity of approximately 40,000 people and is learn of the recent death of former made up, in large part, of middle and upper scrambled on their own for the stuff. Congressman James A. Byrne, who His exquisite concern for the national se­ middle-class persons, many of whom work curity was not matched by National Secu­ represented the Third District of as skilled and technical employees. rity Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski, who on Pennsylvania with distinction for two This week, it has been necessary for me to getting one of the documents straightaway decades. issue a notice of layoff to our Service De­ called up Billy and told him to cool the oil Jim Byrne was not only a staunch partment employees, and others, effective deal with the Libyans outlined therein. and effective spokesman for his con­ September 15, 1980, due to a critical, finan­ It is hard to know whether it was the at­ stituency, which was the primary cial situation. One reason for the crisis in torney general or the President's lawyer our community stems from the fact that our focus of his concern throughout his income tax receipts are down approximately who spoke out publicly on the case on May political career, but he was also a val­ 29. $110,000.00 from the anticipated collection At a news conference, Civiletti said that it iant fighter in behalf of causes in made at the beginning of the year. has "taken longer than appropriate." This which he deeply believed, involving We have, already during the course of the could have been the attorney general prod­ both national and international af­ year: ding his underlings to find the information fairs. Some of those causes, I might Refrained from replacing police cars this he was holding behind his back. Or it could add, were not always supported with year and may suffer serious future conse­ have been the President's friend winding up universal acclaim-and I include both quences as a result. to wind down a case that was an embarrass­ civil rights legislation and foreign aid Refrained from replacing three Service ment to a presidential candidate. Department employees during the summer Finally, on June 6, he coughed up to his in that category-but he was never a months when they were most necessary. investigators. There was nothing political man to run from or avoid a political Refrained from replacing two Policemen. about the timing, he insisted to Sen. Rich­ controversy. Refrained from replacing a Fireman. ard Lugar . who is the most fo­ Jim Byrne was, in fact, an old­ Laid off a Recreation Department employ­ cused questioner on the committee, and who fashioned political leader, in the best ee in the height of the summer season. noted that the President had been, until sense of that term. He worked his way My layoff notice, that will be effective June 3, engaged in "primary after primary." up through the ranks of his party, be­ September 15th, will provide as follows: "There is always some kind of an election ginning as a Democratic committee­ 1. Effective September 15th, all overtime or a primary," Civiletti replied loftily. "you sewer calls will be discontinued. We will have to disregard it." man of the 31st ward of Philadelphia, assist our residents with sewer problems but The President's lawyer and the attorney and ended his career as a respected all calls will be done during the regular day­ general went arm-in-arm to the White member of the Armed Services Com­ time hours. House on June 17. The attorney general mittee and senior Member of this 2. We will layoff one Driver and one La­ told the President he would not discuss his body. Although he was a politician borer in the Sewer Department. brother's case with him. The President's with a world view, until the end, a 3. We will layoff one Rubbish Crew, one lawyer, however, told him that Billy was "a loyal, responsive and authentic repre­ Driver and two Laborers. damn fool" not to register. 4. Effective with the layoffs, the Task Purists pounced on the exchange as a sentative of his people. System, in the Service Department, will be howling example of impropriety, which it To his wife, Virginia, and his surviv­ abolished and all crews will return to a regu­ was not. In the real world, attorneys general ing brother and sister, I extend my lar 8:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. day. tell Presidents that a member of the family deepest sympathy, as well as my per­ 5. Heavy rubbish will only be picked up might go to jail. sonal regret for the loss of a valued once a week. Where Civiletti came to grief was when he colleague and a long-time friend.e 6. If further layoffs are necessary. we will lied at his July 24 news conference, when he consider rubbish pick up once every two echoed the White House claim of "no con­ weeks. tact." SHARP DROP IN AMERICAN 7. We will layoff a Police Dispatcher. This was later corrected by the President AUTO SALES 8. Further cuts in the Police and Fire De­ himself, and Civiletti had to come back the partments are anticipated, probably result­ next day and concede that he had made un­ ing in layoffs of Dispatchers and perhaps appreciated "lawyer-like distinctions." It's HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD some uniformed men from each Depart­ the one thing he regrets about the whole OF MICHIGAN ment. episode. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 9. We will layoff Sign Crew personnel. The only new thing Civiletti revealed to Monday, September 15, 1980 10. As the year progresses, other cuts may the committee was that he had received an be required. accolade from the President, one which was e Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, Our Finance Department informs me delivered by Carter's Georgia guru, Charles Theodore S. Holtz, mayor of the city that, for the first eight months of this year, 25434 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 15, 1980 we are down $110,000.00 from income tax Americans are addicted to the smoking Fairly abruptly, after the Civil War, meth­ collections only, as I have indicated previ­ habit. ods of tobacco processing changed in the ously in this report. We note, in this connec­ This article and a supporting article Old Bright Belt. As a result, smoke from the tion, that we have substantial employment entitled, "Pay the Piper" chronicle the tobacco grown there became relatively easy of our residents in the municipalities of history of the cigarette industry in the to inhale, and nicotine, when delivered by Brook Park, Twinsburg and Walton Hills, inhalation, is a highly addicting substance. which, of course, are the municipalities that United States and also describe in very The cigarette happens to be the ideal means have large automotive employers. Based on lucid terms the various physiological for obtaining manageable doses of inhaled the information of our Finance Depart­ effects of cigarette smoking, explain­ nicotine. Mechanization, clever advertising ment, I am convinced that a great portion of ing why people continue to smoke de­ and marketing techniques made their con­ the declining income from income tax is as a spite the known health risks. tribution, but they never would have sold direct result of the layoffs in the auto­ The mounting evidence of these much dried cabbage. motive industry. I am also convinced that risks has indeed made clear, as Dr. Nicotiana is an American plant that was much of our fiscal problems can be directly Bennett states, that "smoking a ciga­ transported around the world by the Euro­ traced to the unsettled condition that we pean explorers. When the Jamestown colo­ are all aware of in the automotive field. rette will never again be regarded as altogether normal behavior." Let us nists arrived in the New World a century I trust that the foregoing information will after Columbus, they brought the tobacco be of some use to you and your Committee. hope that this same evidence will habit back with them. But where they set­ Respectfully submitted, make this the last "cigarette century." tled they found an altogether harsh-tasting THEODORE s. HOLTZ, Mayor.• I commend to my colleagues these species of tobacco-just one more hardship outstanding articles, published by the in a generally tough existence. Then, about American Association for the Advance­ 1612, John Rolfe imported seed of a milder ment of Science in Science 80: variety from one of Spain's Caribbean colo­ TRIBUTE TO WILLIAM M. nies. This tobacco did well in the sandy Vir­ COLMER THE CIGARETTE CENTURY Eli Whitney, Thomas Alva Edison, Henry ginia soil, and within a few years its smok­ Ford, Alexander Graham Bell, James Bon­ ing qualities were improved when a neigh­ HON. JOHN J. RHODES sack, Wilbur and ... Wait a minute. James bor of Rolfe's began to cure his leaves by Bonsack? Yes, James Albert Bonsack of hanging them instead of stacking them on OF ARIZONA Roanoke County, Virginia. the ground. Curing is a process in which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Although he has left but a faint trace in harvested tobacco is slowly dried; it removes excess starch and permits other chemical re­ Wednesday, September 10, 1980 the history books, Bonsack belongs to that list of American tinkers and inventors who actions, which lead to a milder smoke. The e Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, we all made an indelible mark on modern civiliza­ quality of the smoke is very sensitive to the are saddened by the passing of a tion. Just a hundred years ago-on Septem­ rate and temperature of curing. former colleague, William M. Colmer, ber 4, 1880, to be precise-Bonsack filed for Tobacco grown in the Old Bright Belt who served in the House for 40 years. a patent on his design of a cigarette-rolling became known for its mildness-mainly a Bill Colmer was elected 20 times machine. Bonsack's complicated but clever result of the nitrogen-poor soil-but not invention made cheap cigarettes a possibil­ until the 19th century did improvements in from Mississippi, and served the long­ ity; and before long, a new type of tobacco curing methods yield a leaf with smoke mild est of any Member sent to Congress made them a necessity for millions of enough to be routinely inhaled. The first from that State. He had a distin­ people. steps were made when it was discovered guished career, capped by his chair­ Until the 1870s, manufactured cigarettes that heating tobacco at just the right time manship of the House Rules Commit­ were a minor item-a kind of dandified turns the leaf a bright yellow (hence the tee. luxury-in the American tobacco trade. In name "bright" tobacco), a color associated It was my privilege to have served 1869, fewer than two million were produced, with a mild and pleasant smoke. Open with Bill Colmer during much of. his all of them hand-rolled. But demand soon flames of wood or charcoal were used for began to increase, and in 1875 the firm of the purpose at first, but they imparted their time in the House. I knew him as an Allen & Ginter offered a prize of $75,000 for own flavor to the curing leaves. astute Member, and as a good personal a machine to do the job. In the early 1800s, a few attempts were friend. He held strong opinions on James Bonsack, a gifted teenager well ac­ made to isolate wood smoke from the tobac­ many issues. On both sides of the aisle quainted with the machinery in his family's co by building fires in furnaces outside the he was held in high respect for his in­ woolen mill, set out to win the award. He in­ curing barns and leading the heat in tegrity, and he had a host of friends in terrupted his efforts only briefly to attend through flues. That method was unsuccess­ the Congress. Roanoke College, then dropped out, over his ful mainly because construction of the ducts father's protests, to keep working on the in­ was clumsy, and disastrous fires often de­ Bill Colmer was the epitome of the vention. A month before his twenty-first stroyed barn and crop. term "statesman." He was a firm be­ birthday, James filed for his first patent. Safely designed flues, developed immedi­ liever in fiscal responsibility and a sup­ The "Bonsack," as his machine came to be ately after the Civil War, made all the dif­ porter of the free enterprise system. known, poured a uniform flow of tobacco ference. With flue curing, mild bright tobac­ He served Mississippi and the Nation through a device resembling the wool feeder co could be reliably turned out, and by 1880, well for four decades, and remained of a carding machine onto a thin strip of as demand continually grew for the result­ active in the political process after he paper. The paper was rolled into a single, ing product, this method became standard returned to his beloved Pascagoula. continuous tube. As it emerged from the in the Old Bright Belt. What the tobacco machine, the tobacco-filled tube was cut growers and manufacturers could not have Congress was enriched by his long and into equal lengths. known was that the change in curing dedicated service. I offer my condo­ The machine worked. It was improved. method had significantly altered the chem­ lences to his wife, Ruth, and his two Father and son reconciled and set up a joint istry of their product. The smoke was not sons.e stock company to produce more machines only mild, it was slightly acid instead of al­ and lease them to tobacco firms. kaline. Thus, the tobacco that was poured In retrospect, it seems surprising that into Bonsack's new machines, and has been THE SMOKING HABIT there was a market for cigarettes. In the the chief component of cigarettes ever United States, per capita consumption of to­ since, was unlike virtually any that had bacco products had fallen for nearly a cen­ been available earlier, and the slight shift HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN tury, and it appears to have reached an all­ from alkaline to acid smoke radically OF MASSACHUSETTS time low of 1.8 pounds in the early 1870s. changed the nature of the smoking habit. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And yet, even in the decade before Bonsack Nicotine passes easily through living filed for his patent, demand for cigarettes tissue only when it is in an alkaline medium. Monday, September 15, 1980 grew some thirtyfold. Why did a waning Under even slightly acid conditions, virtual-_ e Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Wil­ vice, subject to a good deal of mid-Victorian ly every molecule of nicotine carries an elec­ liam Bennett, associate editor of the opprobrium, suddenly reestablish itself? tric charge that prevents it from crossing Harvard Medical School Health And why did the impoverished tobacco membranes. Pipe and cigar tobaccos, cured Letter, has written an excellent article country of Piedmont Virginia and North by age-old methods, yield an alkaline smoke, Carolina-now known as the "Old Bright from which nicotine can be gradually ab­ describing the last 100 years as "The Belt," where most cigarette tobacco is sorbed in modest quantities through the Cigarette Century." Until the 1870's grown-rapidly become one of the most mucous membranes of the mouth. The alka­ cigarettes were a luxury item con­ prosperous agricultural regions of the linity itself makes the smoke irritating and sumed by few; today miilions of world? deters inhalation. September 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25435 By contrast, the slight acidity of cigarette guard against · elevated levels elsewhere try. Duke began his career in the tobacco smoke is not readily neutralized by saliva, so the body, lest nauses and wooziness result trade in 1865, at the age of nine. That year, relatively little nicotine can be absorbed if from peripheral effects of the drug. Even his father, Washington Duke, a reluctant the smoke is just held in the mouth. But be­ though smokers become metabolically ac­ Confederate soldier who had been opposed cause cigarette smoke is not highly irritat­ customed to nicotine, they have their limits. to slavery, returned from the war to find his ing, it can be drawn into the lungs-indeed, Indeed, most seem to be more careful to farm despoiled of everything except-mirac­ it must be for absorption to occur. On the keep themselves below a maximum level of ulously-a barn full of bright yellow tobacco lungs' vast surface the acidity is neutralized; blood nicotine than above a minimum. laid down before he left for duty. With his the nicotine loses its electric charge and But as blood levels fall, so do brain levels; family's help, the elder Duke pulverized the passes rapidly into the bloodstream. and withdrawal sets in. Beginning as craving tobacco, packed it in large muslin bags sten-· From the lungs, nicotine-loaded blood is and irritability, nicotine withdrawal pro­ ciled with his new brand name, "Pro Bono carried back to the heart, which gives a ceeds to a panoply of physiological as well Publico," and loaded the bags on a wagon. squeeze and sends about 15 percent of the as psychological symptoms. Brain wave pat­ Then he harnessed two blind mules that he inhaled dose directly, and undiluted, to the terns change, levels of certain hormones di­ bought on leaving the army and set out brain. The brain, in turn, takes up on the minish, heart rate and blood pressure fall. with his son to sell the tobacco. It was good first pass virtually all of the nicotine carried Abstinent smokers often complain of stuff, and they came home with enough to it. The whole journey takes seven sec­ nausea, headache, constipation, or diarrhea. money to stay in business. onds. In comparison, heroin injected into They gain weight. Inability to concentrate The Duke concern grew, and at the age of the forearm takes about 14 seconds to reach is perhaps the most common and persistent 18, Buck, as the boy was known, became a the brain, and on its way, the dose becomes subjective complaint, and it is accompanied partner. After ten years of selling its smok­ diluted by blood from other parts of the by objective deficits in performance of tasks ing tobacco, the Duke firm was substantial body. that require vigilance or tracking. but hardly in a league with its chief compet­ Conventional explanations of cigarette Once the smoking habit is well estab­ itor, Bull Durham, so Duke began manufac­ smoking have called it a form of psychologi­ lished, preventing withdrawal becomes the turing cigarettes. He leased several Bon­ cal dependence, in which the child's pacifier major motivation for continuing it, as sacks, installed the machines, improved and security blanket are rolled into one Schachter showed in a series of studies con­ them, and began to undersell other manu­ little white tube for grown-up use. There is ducted at Columbia during the 1970s. He facturers. In 1889, W. Duke & Sons sold a some reason to believe that pipe and cigar found that chronic smokers are not made billion cigarettes, 40 percent of the coun­ smoking reflect more a psychological need less irritable than other people by their try's output. And one year later, Duke, who than a physiological one. But the cigarette habit; rather, they are protected from be­ never smoked his product, took over the habit is extremely potent and often very coming more irritable. In one of his more United States' entire cigarette industry, His difficult either to give up or substitute with naturalistic experiments conducted by Deb­ monopoly, The American Tobacco Compa­ other crutches. Adolescents who smoke orah Perlick, subjects sat in a laboratory ny, survived until 1911, when the Supreme more than one cigarette, according to a Brit­ decorated to look like a living room in Court found it to be in violation of the ish government study, have only a 15 per­ Queens and listened to recordings of air­ Sherman Antitrust Act. Americans smoked cent chance of remaining nonsmokers. And planes passing overhead. Allowed to smoke just over ten billion cigarettes that year. when, after years of smoking, people try to at will, they responded just like nonsmokers Four companies emerged from the old kick the habit, they suffer from physical to the roaring and screeching. But kept trust: a smaller American, Liggett & Myers, and psychological symptoms that persist for from smoking or allowed to smoke only low­ Lorillard, and R. J. Reynolds. With Philip at least a couple of weeks, and some of their nicotine cigarettes, they became much more Morris and Brown & Williamson, these com­ afflictions, including drowsiness and crav­ annoyed than before, and more so than non­ panies continue to dominate an industry ing, usually get worse after ten days or so. smokers. Schachter concluded from this ex­ that last year poured out 704 billion ciga­ For most, craving persists at least a month, periment, and others using such irritants as rettes, of which 90 percent were smoked in and for about a fifth it continues five to electric shocks, that chronic cigarette smok­ the United States by some 54 million adults nine years after they quit. ers maintain their habit not for any pleas­ and five million adolescents. Only recently, with the work of British ure it adds to their lives, though they may The cigarette century is clearly at an end. psychiatrist Michael A. H. Russell of the rationalize that they do, but rather to avoid Smoking a cigarette will never again be re­ Maudsley Hospital in London, American the unpleasantness that comes from not garded as altogether normal behavior. But psychologist Stanley Schachter of Columbia smoking. it is much too early to announce the demise University, and other investigators, has the The rate at which a person smokes seems of an industry that brought in $17 billion addictive nature of nicotine been clarified. to be largely determined by the rate at last year. by now there is little doubt that the drug, which nicotine levels fall, and a major vari­ absorbed in the right way, creates a state of able affecting the rate of nicotine removal PAYING THE PIPER drug dependency. Confusion on the point from the body is the acidity of the urine. At When experiments on animals turn up arose and has persisted because nicotine is anY given moment, about a third of the nic­ carcinogens in our favorite foods and every­ not like many other addicting substances:· It otine molecules in the blood do not carry an day consumer items, some critics invariably does not interfere with "normal" behavior electric charge; they pass freely through dismiss the data as coming only from ani­ and thinking. Quite the contrary, cigarette membranes, and that is how they travel into mals. The tobacco industry has, of necessi­ smokers report that they need to smoke in the urine. If the urine is even slightly acid, ty, taken the opposite tack; for years it has order to focus their attention, to avoid the nicotine is immediately charged and argued that the evidence incriminating ciga­ drowsiness and a sense of blurred conscious­ thus trapped; it cannot freely return to the rettes shows merely a "statistical associ­ ness. The objective changes associated with bloodstream as it would if the urine were al­ ation" because it · comes from studies of smoking are also those of increased arousal, kaline. human deaths, not animal experiments. By even though most smokers· report the sub­ The times when smokers are most likely now, though, the evidence that cigarettes jective effect as relaxation. In general, nico­ to light up are quite predictably those times shorten life is overwhelming; the causal con­ tine resembles stimulants, such as caffeine when urine is acid. Psychological stress, for nection is as firmly established as any in and amphetamine, more than the narcotics. example, acidifies the urine. So do cocktail medicine. "Indeed," writes John Cairns, a Russell hypothesizes that nicotine be­ parties. So does eating; urine is distinctly molecular biologist and expert on cancer, comes highly addictive only when it is in­ acid for half an hour or so after a meal. The "in retrospect, it is almost as if Western so­ haled. What an inhaling cigarette smoker one major exception to the rule appears to cieties had set out to conduct a vast and receives from his or her habit is a series of be morning. Although urine is acid in the fairly well controlled experiment in carcino­ nicotine jolts, and the smoker seeks the morning, smokers often do not smoke until genesis, bringing about several million jolts for two reasons. First, they give an ill­ later in the day. There probably are two deaths and using their own people as the ex­ defined, but generally pleasurable sensa­ reasons for this paradox: Most smokers are perimental animals." tion, and the average cigarette smoker can more sensitive to side-effects of nicotine in But the cancer connection, which was the easily obtain 70,000 to 100,000 fixes a year­ the morning, and those who want to cut most obvious and easiest to establish, is not two to three hundred each day. Such fre­ down do so by postponing the first cigarette the major cause of death in smokers. quent rewards serve as powerful reinforcers of the day. Rather, it is coronary heart disease.' Second of cigarette-smoking behavior. Second, ad­ As many as 90 percent of cigarette smok­ comes lung cancer. General deterioration of ministering nicotine in brief, concentrated ers, by some estimates, would like to cut the lung tissue is third. After these three jolts is the best way to keep high levels in down, or quit, and many have. The reason major causes, a variety of other diseases and the brain-more so even than intravenous for quitting is also the reason why it is so cancers make a further contribution to the injection, which inevitably results in dilu­ difficult to quit. Cigarette smoke is inhaled, high death rate of smokers. Cancers of the tion of the dose. and inhaled tobacco smoke can be lethal larynx, mouth, esophagus, bladder, kidney, Nicotine addiction requires the smoker to . and pancreas are all more common in smok­ accept a certain compromise, however. At But nobody knew that a hundred years ers than nonsmokers. So are ulcers of the the same time that the addict wants to rise ago, least of all James Buchanan Duke, the stomach and intestine, which are more brain levels of nicotine, he or she must real father of the American cigarette indus- likely to be fatal in smokers. 25436 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 15, 1980 Women who smoke during pregnancy run Annual Helicopter Heroism Award is actually known about these aban­ a significant risk that their babies will die from the Avco Corp. and the Aviation/ doned sites. This amendment would before or at birth. The newborns are likely Space Writers Association. This honor permit us to learn how big a problem to weigh less, to arrive prematurely, and to followed the Coast Guard's Silver Life­ we really do have and to make plans be more susceptible to "sudden infant saving Medal for "Courage and Unwa­ for cleanup at the earliest possible death." The risk of smoking is, in general, a 70 vering Determination" in rescuing a date. percent increase in the probability of dying downed airplane pilot in Lake Erie. In Our 1976 act, the Resource Conser­ at any age-100 percent for a two-pack January 1979, a pilot crashlanded his vation and Recovery Act . In the meantime, smokers lose more work days to illness than nonsmokers Mr. Fantroy, owner of Cleveland Air of Love Canal and other toxic chemi­ and spend more time in the hospital. Transport, determined to pursue his cal dumps which were closed before The ill effects of smoking are mostly, but own rescue effort. His first attempt the date of passage. In spite of the not entirely, a consequence of the amount failed because of weather, but the ap­ lack of legal authority to act on the of inhaled smoke. Virtually all cigarette proach of a severe storm convinced problem the Environmental Protec­ smokers inhale, even those who say they do him of the desperate need to try tion Agency has been making unsub­ not, and they continue to do so when they again. Flying at minimum altitude, he stantiated statements about the switch to pipes or cigars. Cigarette smoke is loaded with poisons conducted a thorough search, ignoring number of love canalS which are and carcinogens. The "tars," particles of or­ fatigue and a steadily diminishing fuel scattered around the country and ganic matter, are largely responsible for supply. Siting the downed aircraft, he about the threats they pose to human causing cancer, or, perhaps, for promoting demonstrated extraordinary flying health and safety. the growth of tumors started by other skill in boarding the injured pilot This amendment would for the first agents. Nicotine and carbon monoxide are while using the throttle of his helicop­ time give the Environmental Protec­ thought to be the main cause of heart dis­ ter to insure that the full weight of tion Agency the tools to learn how se­ ease; there is debate about their relative im­ his craft did not settle on the delicate rious the problem really is to go with portance. In response to public worry about the ice. Mr. Fantroy then flew his passen­ their responsibilities to propose solu­ health hazards of smoking, cigarette manu­ ger to a waiting ambulance at Lost tions to the problems they find. The facturers over the last decade have progres­ Nation Airport. He landed with less new division created under the act, the sively lowered the tar and nicotine content. than 5 minutes of fuel left in the heli­ "Office of Remedial Research" will These "lighter" brands appear to be effec­ copter's tanks. have an initial assignment to identify tive in reducing rates of lung cancer. There Mr. Speaker, this kind of dedication the major closed and abandoned may be a similar effect for heart disease, and courage are all too rare in our chemical and hazardous waste dump but the evidence is not as good. Smokers of modern society. I ask my colleagues to sites in the country and to inventory low-tar cigarettes appear to get no protec­ tion from other respiratory illnesses. join me in extending congratulations the type and condition of waste in the In order to elicit recommendations for his and admiration to Mr. Fantroy for his site. It would also identify what known 1981 report on smoking, Surgeon General heroism.e technologies can be used to clean up Julius B. Richmond recently called a confer­ specific sites, and make research rec­ ence to set research priorities for low-tar ommendations regarding sites with cigarettes. One area of concern was quickly POSSIBLE AMENDMENT TO THE special problems. The report contain­ established: The light cigarettes may pose a SUPERFUND LEGISLATION ing this information would be submit­ risk for pregnant women. Dr. Jesse Stein­ ted to the office's advisory board. feld, dean of the Medical College of Virginia HON. JOHN W. WYDLER in Richmond, speculates that the villain in Both the EPA report and the board's low-tars may be carbon monoxide, since it OF NEW YORK critique of it would be submitted to "binds hemoglobin and may restrict the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Congress with recommendations oxygen a baby needs from the mother's Monday, September 15, 1980 for further action. blood." This type of ordered approach is the Carbon monoxide may turn out to be e Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, I am best way to protect citizens who un­ harmful to adults as well. In fact, questions strongly considering offering the at­ knowingly live near these dumps and abound on the safety of light cigarettes. We tached legislation as an amendment to the best way to lay to rest the bogus still do not ·know whether smokers who the superfund Florio bill, which is claims that there are literally tens of switch to low-tar cigarettes smoke more and scheduled for consideration later this inhale more deeply. If they do, those smok­ thousand of love canal dump sites week. It is designed to permit an or­ littering the· countryside. ers are at least partly offsetting the pre­ derly identification and cleanup of sumed advantage of switching. Another I would expect the work under the questions concerns whether the availability toxic chemical waste dump sites which current version of the superfund legis­ of these "safer" cigarettes has encouraged a endanger public health. It is not lation and the work under this amend­ large number of young people who other­ meant to be a replacement for the leg­ ment to go on simultaneously. In no wise would not have smoked to begin the islation on which my colleagues have way would I want to slow down the re­ habit. All in all, we are still far from know­ labored so long and hard. Instead, I ing whether the low-tar, low-nicotine ciga­ medial work to be done on known hope my attempt to establish a legal dump sites. Instead, I would hope the rettes will ultimately prove to be a Good basis for EPA action in this area will Thing.e information gained through the inven­ complement these efforts. tory activity be used to make the My amendment, entitled the "Toxic cleanup under superfund more effec­ HEROISM OF ARTHUR S. Chemical and Hazardous Waste Re­ tive and more comprehensive. FANTROY search and Development Act of 1980," The text of the bill follows: approaches the toxic chemical dump HON. LOUIS STOKES problem by establishing a division in H.R. 8104 the Environmental Protection Agency A bill to amend the research and develop­ OF OHIO whose sole responsibility will be to ment provisions of the Resource Conser­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES study waste sites and to make recom­ vation and Recovery Act of 1976 to pro­ Monday, September 15, 1980 vide for a study of the problem of toxic mendations regarding their cleanup. chemical and hazardous waste and for re­ e Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I rise on An advisory board, which will insure search in and development of possible so­ this occasion to bring to the attention that the expertise of industry, the aca­ lutions, and for other purposes. of my colleagues a story of courage demic community, and the rest of the Be it enacted by the Senate and House of and selfless determination. Government are readily available to Representatives of the United States of Recently, Mr. Arthur S. Fantroy of the new EPA office, would also be es­ America in Congress assembled, That this Cleveland, Ohio, received the 14th tablished. Much is being said but little Act may be cited as the "Toxic Chemical September 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25437 and Hazardous Waste Research and Devel­ nificant volumes of toxic chemical and haz­ "(10) research and development activities opment Act of 1980". ardous wastes. respecting toxic chemical and hazardous SEC. 2. Section 1002(b) of the Resource "(2) The report shall include- waste.". Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 is "CA> an enumeration of all dumpsites (f) Section 803 of such Act is amend­ amended by striking out "and" at the end of which (i) contain toxic chemicals or hazard­ ed to read as follows: paragraph (5), by redesignating paragraph ous waste in sufficient amounts to present a "(1) The Administrator shall implement a (6) as paragraph (7), and by inserting after clear danger to public health, and cm were program for the rapid dissemination of in-. paragraph <5) the following new paragraph: closed before October 30, 1976, setting forth formation on solid waste management, toxic "(6) it is necessary to conduct further re­ in such enumeration a description of the lo­ chemical and hazardous waste management, search in and development of possible tech­ cation of, type of waste contained in, and resource conservation, and methods of re­ nological solutions to toxic chemical and specific danger presented by each dumpsite; source recovery from solid waste, including hazardous waste problems; and". " an assessment of the status of tech­ the results of relevant research, investiga­ Cb) Section 1003 of such Act is amended nology generally applied to the disposal of tions, experiments, surveys, studies or other by striking out "and" at the end of para­ toxic chemical and hazardous waste; information which may be useful in the im­ graph (7), by striking out the period at the "(C) recommendations as to what technol­ plementation of new or improved solid end of paragraph (8) and inserting in lieu ogy should be used to clean up the dump­ waste management practices and methods thereof "; and", and by adding after para­ sites enumerated under subparagraph ; and information on any other technical, graph (8) the following new paragraph: "CD> a description of problems at specific managerial, financial, or market aspect of dumpsites requiring research and develop­ resource conservation and recovery facili­ "(9) promoting a national research and de­ ment for their resolution; velopment program which will study the "CE> a plan for research, development, and ties.".• extent of toxic chemical and hazardous demonstration respecting the findings of waste problems, conduct a complete investi­ the study, including recommendations re­ gation of dumpsites which may contain sig­ garding the appropriate government and nificant volumes of toxic chemical and haz­ private sector rules under the plan; and EIGHTIETH BIRTHDAY OF HON. ardous wastes, and recommend appropriate "CF> legislative recommendations resulting CLAUDE PEPPER technology to be applied to clean up such from the study to appropriate committees dumpsites. ". of Congress. (c) Section 1004 of such Act is amended by "(3) The Administrator shall provide to HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE redesignating paragraphs <34) and (35) as the appropriate committees of Congress a OF MASSACHUSETTS paragraphs <35) and <36), respectively, and complete statement of the known dumpsites IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by inserting after paragraph (33) the follow­ enumerated in paragraph <2> not later ing new paragraph: than April!, 1982. Monday, September 8, 1980 "<34) The term 'toxic chemical' means a "(4) The Administrator shall complete the • Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I join my liquid which upon contact causes substan­ research, studies, and report required under colleagues in extending to CLAUDE tial harm to human beings, including not this subsection not later than October 1, PEPPER warmest birthday wishes on only substances which cause death but also 1982. those which cause disease, behavioral ab­ "(5)CA> There shall be created an inde­ the occasion of his 80th birthday. normalities, cancer, genetic mutations, pendent Toxic Chemical and Hazardous This Nation, this Congress, and, in physiological malfunctions The heads of the departments, agen­ contributions to the well-being of this lieu thereof "; and", and by adding after cies, and instrumentalities of the executive Nation's needy-people of every age paragraph (13) the following new para­ branch of the Federal Government shall co­ and every walk of life have been bene­ graph: operate with the Advisory Board in carrying ficiaries of his generous efforts. "(14) specifying the dumpsites in the out this subsection and shall provide such No one of our colleagues would ever United States which contain toxic chemical information as the Advisory Board deems argue that CLAUDE is but a skilled and or hazardous wastes in sufficient volume to necessary to carry out this subsection. wily legislator. His most recent efforts present a clear danger to public health, and " All data and support research which was used in the compilation of the Adminis­ have been geared toward the welfare identifying the most appropriate technolog­ of older Americans. Through his ical solutions to health and environmental trator's report on toxic chemical and haz­ problems caused by toxic chemical or haz­ ardous wastes shall be made available to the chairmanship of the Select Committee ardous waste.". Advisory Board. on Aging, CLAUDE has shaped and (b) Section 8001(b)(l)(A) of such Act is "CD> All members of the Advisory Board guided through Congress vital and amended to read as follows: shall be entitled to reimbursement for needed reforms. These include im­ travel and other expenses actually incurred, " In carrying out his functions pursu­ provements in health and social pro­ ant to this Act, and any other Federal legis­ including a per diem allowance in accord­ ance with section 5703(b) of title 5, United grams, including liberalization of the lation respecting solid waste, discarded ma­ States Code, while engaged in performing mandatory retirement law and a pro­ terial, or toxic chemical and hazardous service as such members. gram designed to end abuses in the waste research, development, and demon­ "(6) Both the Administrator's report on sale of health insurance to the elderly. strations, the Administrator shall establish toxic chemical and hazardous wastes and a management program or system to insure CLAUDE is a living, vibrant example of the Advisory Board's review of such report the productive capability of all Ameri­ the coordination of all such activities and to shall be submitted to Congress not later facilitate and accelerate the process of de­ than February 1, 1983.". cans regardless of age. It is from the velopment of sound new technology of such Act of this section) is such great accomplishments. through development, and into the demon­ amended- Throughout CLAUDE'S 14 years in the stration phase.". <1> by striking out "other than subsection Senate and his 18 years in the House, Section 8002 of such Act is amended by (j)" and inserting in lieu thereof "other redesignating subsections (1) and (m) as sub­ he has worked as hard as any man than subsections (j) and(})"; and could work·for his people. He is a cele­ sections and (n), respectively, and by in­ <2> by adding at the end thereof the fol­ serting after subsection the following lowing new sentence: "There is authorized brated representative of Florida's citi­ new subsection: to be appropriated not to exceed $15,000,000 zens, particularly the elderly, the "(}) Toxic Chemical and Hazardous for the fiscal year 1982 to carry out subsec­ poor, and the disenfranchised. Waste.-<1> The Administrator shall estab­ tion Section 8003 of such Act is amended for his unrelenting efforts to achieve Agency, an Office of Remedial Research, to by striking out "and" at the end of para­ racial justice long before the civil be headed by a Deputy Assistant Adminis­ graph <8>, by striking out the period at the trator of the Environmental Protection end of paragraph (8), by striking out the rights struggles of the 1960's made it Agency. The Office of Remedial Research period at the end of paragraph (9) and in­ acceptable to do so. Through his ef­ shall undertake a comprehensive study and serting in lieu thereof a period, and by forts, the Meals on Wheels program analysis of, and publish a report on, dump­ adding after paragraph (9) the following was extended to homebound elderly. sites in the United States which contain sig- new paragraph: He also played key roles in obtaining 25438 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 15, 1980 Amtrak discounts for older citizens in scores of Zionist, pro-Israel and commu­ confidential, government materials. Land­ and in building programs to combat nal movements. She shared with her hus­ mark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia, 435 crime in public housing. band and her family roles in Hadassah, the U.S. 829, 837-46 0978). CLAUDE believes in the integrity of Jewish National Fund and the MDA. The The need for secrecy in the foreign intelli­ Handlemans contributed a fully equipped gence sphere is among the most pressing of all people regardless of age and family ambulance now in operation in Israel to the governmental interests. Cf. id. at 849 n. 2 circumstance. He continues to work Magen David Adorn. ; New York Times care. He cqntinues to wage a fervent Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. at 254, 269-70 campaign to provide alternatives to 0964), or the correlative prinicple that no THE CIA VERSUS THE governmental restriction on "uninhibited, nursing homes. CONSTITUTION-PART 2 robust, and wide-open" political debate, id. From the New Deal to the 1980's, at 270, is constitutionally acceptable CLAUDE PEPPER has served America HON. DON EDWARDS unless- with distinction. I am proud to count the restriction is designed to achieve a myself among his colleagues and wish OF CALIFORNIA compelling governmental objective, and is him tremendous happiness on his 80th IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES narrowly drawn to achieve neither more nor birthday and many wishes for many Monday, September 15, 1980 less; and more productive years in the service of Cb> the restriction's enforcement in a e Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. given case is shown to be truly essential to his country.e Speaker, on September 3 the House achieve that compelling governmental inter­ Judiciary Committee reported H.R. est. JOSEPH HANDLEMAN HONORED 5615, the Intelligence Identities Pro­ See First National Bank v. Bellotti, 435 tection Act, over the opposition of U.S. 765, 787 0978>; In re Primus, 436 U.S. myself, the chairman of the commit­ 412 0978); Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1, 25 HON.JAMESJ.BLANCHARD tee and several other senior Demo­ 0976) (per curiam). Section 50Hc> quite OF MICHIGAN crats on the committee. We believe the clearly fails to meet these tests. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The provision's proscriptions-which section of the bill which criminalizes apply even when the information illegally Monday, September 15, 1980 disclosure of unclassified information "disclosed" was lawfully obtained, and even e Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, re­ by private citizens is unconstitutional. when the only result of its suppression cently I had the opportunity to attend We are not alone in that belief. Nu­ would be to stifle criticism or exposure of al­ merous constitutional law experts and leged governmental ineptitude or wrong­ a dinner honoring Joseph Handleman, doing-are not limited to cases in which a a prominent former Detroit industrial­ members of the press agree with us. I refer my colleagues to the following judge or jury finds that "disclosure" of the ist community leader, and president information in question has harm~d, or is of 'the American Red Magen David for material: likely to harm, the safety or secilrity of any Israel ; Pennekamp v. Florida, 328 U.S. 331, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. . 347 0946); Craig v. Harney, 331 U.S. 367, Mr. Handleman has been active in DEAR SENATOR KENNEDY: Thank you for 376 0947); Wood v. Georgia, 370 U.S. 375 numerous Israel-related and other inviting me to offer my views on § 50Hc> of 0962). The provision at issue would imper­ Jewish causes for many years. I am en­ the Intelligence Identities Protection Act of 1 missibly penalize unauthorized disclosures closing an article from the July 25, 1980, S. 2216. I believe that this provision, without requiring any such showing of 1980, edition of the Detroit Jewish if made law, would violate the First Amend­ actual or probable harm. ment. It is no answer that the disclosures for News which further describes the There is no doubt, of course, that "the Ex­ dinner for Mr. Handleman, as well as which § 501(c) prescribed punishment with­ ecutive Cmayl . . . promulgatCel and out requiring such a showing of injury are Mr. and Mrs. Handleman's many ac­ enforcCel . . . executive regulations[ l to limited to disclosures made "in the course of complishments. protect the confidentiality necessary to a pattern of activities intended to identify The article follows: carry out its responsibilities in the fields of and expose covert agents and with reason to NATIONAL HONORS FOR JOSEPH HANDLEMAN AT international relations and national de­ believe that such activities would impair or MAGEN DAVID ADoM DINNER ON SEPT. 7 fense." New York Times Co. v. United impede the foreign intelligence activities of States, 403 U.S. 713, 729-30 0971) here to express their appreciation for the innocently received as a "leak" from some­ nearly six years of Handleman's chairman­ one with access to classified, or otherwise 2 Thus, for example, despite the undisputed im­ ship of the movement. portance of preserving the confidentiality of a Handleman, who was presented with the state's Judicial disciplinary proceedings, Landmark ARMDI International Humanitarian Award •The provision reads as follows: " Whoever, in Communications, Inc., supra, 435 U.S. at 834-36, "for his dynamic leadership," has been the course of a pattern of activities intended to not even the state's " interest in protecting the identify and expose covert agents and with reason reputation of its judges, nor its interest in maln­ active in other Jewish causes as well. to believe that such activities would impair or taining the institutional integrity of its courts is The Handlemans have established the impede the foreign intelligence activities of the sufficient to justify ... punishment of [unauthor­ Joseph and Sally Handleman Communica­ United States, discloses any information that iden­ ized disclosure]," id. at 841, when such disclosure is tions Center at the Dropsie University in tifies an individual as a covert agent to any individ­ made by "third parties" and consists of "truthful Philadelphia, the Handleman Institute of ual not authorized to receive classified information, information regarding [the} confid.ential [judicial] Recorded Sound at the University of Miami knowing that the information so disclosed so identi­ proceedings." Id. at 837. The Supreme Court so Music fies such individual and that the United States is held "even on the assumption that criminal sanc­ School of and the Laboratory of Lan­ taking affirmative measures to conceal such indi­ tions do in fact enhance the guarantee of con!lden­ guages at the Hillel Day School. vidual's classified intelligence relationship to the tiallty," id. at 841, and even when the information Mrs. Handleman, the former Sally Ka­ United States, shall be fined not more than $15,000 at issue has been "withheld by law from the public baker, has a lifetime of family identification or imprisoned not more than three years or both." domain." Id. at 840. September 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25439 ation with the forbidden "pattern of activi­ agents based solely on analysis of unclassi­ United States, to any individual not author­ ties"-activities that, standing alone, might fied information violates the first amend­ ized to receive classified information, any otherwise be wholly lawful and, in fact, ment and urge that it be deleted as recom­ information that indentifies a covert agent themselves entitled to First Amendment mended by the House Judiciary Subcommit­ protection. Thus it is also no answer that tee on Civil and Constitutional Rights. That the Senate version would require punishment is limited to disclosures made Signed, such disclosure to be part of a "pattern of "in the course of [suchl a pattern of activi­ Elizabeth Bartholet, Harvard Universi­ activities intended to disclose agents" is ties" with knowledge "that the United ty; Vern Countryman, Harvard Univer­ only a faint improvement, whatever the States is taking affirmative measures to con­ sity; Alan Dershowitz, Harvard Univer­ Carter Administration might claim. A re~ ceal [an] individual's classified intelligence sity; Steven Duke, Yale University; porter publishing, say, a series of articles relationship to the United States." Even Thomas I. Emerson, Yale University; could be demonstrating such a pattern, as under such circumstances-and assuming Carol E. Goldbery-Ambrose, Universi­ Inight one who had published a number of that any matter so vaguely defined can be ty of California, Los Angeles; Morton such articles over the years. Yet, those arti­ "known"-§ 50l on its face but also un­ Texas; Laurence Tribe, Harvard Uni­ activities" a saving grace. That might be derscores doubts, independently generated versity; and Bernard Wolfman, Har­ precisely the intent, and legitimately so, of by the provision's history, about its true vard University. articles that would expose in advance and aims, and, indeed, about those of§ 501 as a thus prevent something like the Bay of Pigs whole. Cf. First National Bank v. Bellotti, KILLING F'REEI>o.M To SAVE IT fiasco. Such intent Inight also be "estab­ 435 U.S. 765, 793 <1978). Needless to say, lished" if the C.l.A. had asked a reporter in protecting the image and reputation on gov­ advance not to publish a story, for reasons ernmental officials and agencies, or the On June 24, a Justice Department spokes­ however self-serving, and he or she pub­ smooth operation of governmental pro­ man appeared before the Senate Intelli­ lished it anyway. grams immunized from public examination gence Committee to oppose a bill making it The key phrases are "any information" if and critique, is insufficient justification "for a crime for anyone to publish information­ disclosed to "any individual not authorized repressing speech that would otherswise be whether or not classified-leading to the to receive classified information." Taken to­ free." New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 identification of a covert agent of the Cen­ gether, they mean that any information­ U.S. 254, 272-73 <1964). Thus, for example, tral Intelligence Agency. no matter how obtained, even from a public the provision's restrictions on disclousure On Aug. 19, the same spokesman told a and unclassified record-published by any­ cannot be justified by the Government's House subcommittee that the measure was body in virtually any form, if it could be wish to preserve the CIA's "plausible denia­ all right after all. This week the House Judi­ read to disclose an agent's identity, would bility," or to avoid "political outcry" over ciary Committee approved it by 21 to 8, with be a crime. Such legislation would impose a American covert operations in foreign coun­ the full House expected to follow suit. The prior restraint unprecedented in American tries, or otherwise to preserve, among other Senate, where a subcommittee will hold history, even on information that may al­ things, access "to appropriate targets" of re­ hearings today, apparently offers the only ready be in the public domain. cruitment abroad. New York Times, Sep­ chance to stop this dangerous and unneces­ It would give the C.l.A., for example, just tember 6, 1980, at 22 col. 1 ; Ex parte Garland, 71 U.S. C4 ries would be committing a crime. The re­ Wall.) 333 Cl867> : Cummings v. Missouri., 71 U.S. C4 would make a criminal of anyone who "dis­ A bill that would very likely make it a Wall.) 277, 323 Cl867) . the foreign intelligence activities of the due for a vote soon in the House. It has 25440 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 15, 1980 strong support, and for a good reason: It is failures or abuses." But doubts remain. An tax reform legislation now, to acceler­ intended to deal with a real problem, the editor who published a story about the ate capital cost recovery. unjustified naming of U.S. covert agents. C.I.A.'s hiring of Chicago gangsters to assas­ Mr. Speaker, I commend Mr. Neill's But the bill is written so that it could sweep sinate Fidel Castro might well have "reason dangerously far in its effects. to believe" that it would impede that "intel­ remarks to my colleagues: The immediate targets of the legislation ligence activity." Judges tend to defer to the U.S. TEXTILES MAKES A BIG POINT are people who make a business of disclos­ Government in these matters, accepting its Suddenly, Cinderella has been discovered ing C.I.A. identities. The best known is definition of what is a legitimate "intelli­ living in North Carolina. Her name is-sur­ Philip Agee, the turncoat former agent. And gence activity.'' prise!-the oft-maligned industry called tex­ a Washington newsletter, the Covert Action It may still not be too late for a critical tiles. Information Bulletin, carries what it says voice to be heard in Congress. Senator Here is a story of our nation to ponder as are the names of C.I.A. employees gleaned Moynihan of New York is a logical possibil­ it forms public policy for troubled industries from clues in published information. ity. He opposed an earlier version of this So far as it deals with the Agees of this such as autos and steel. legislation because, he said, it "might have a Single solutions rarely work for complex world-people who use what they learn in chilling effect.'' And he himself published a office to betray their colleagues-the bill problems. None is suggested here. But there book in 1975 that named a forbidden name. are lessons to be gleaned from the Tar Heel faces no serious objections. The difficulty He wrote that the C.I.A. had once inter­ arises in the section punishing private indi­ factories that produce one-quarter of all the fered in Indian politics by giving money for wealth to be manufactured in our state this viduals who disclose the identity of covert the Congress Party to Mrs. Indira Gandhi.• agents. . . . year. That section would for the fl.I'St tune m In 1961 I left North Carolina to be away American history make it a crime for jour­ BROYHILL SUPPORTS ACCELER- until 1975. When I departed, the textile in­ nalists or ordinary citizens to publish, or ATED DEPRECIATION TO dustry was pleading for government help. even say aloud, what they know from un­ This was before Lockheed and Chrysler classified sources. And the fact is that C.I.A. ASSIST BUSINESSES became congressional mendicants. Also it affiliations are not always tightly concealed. was before so much onerous federal regula­ When I lived in London, the names of HON. JAMES T. BROYHILL tion of the marketplace and those who wish successive C.I.A. station chiefs were OF NORTH CAROLINA to sell there. common knowledge among Britons and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HOLLERING FOR UNCLE Americans. Some critics of the legislation Nonetheless, textile operators felt Uncle would drop that section entirely, limiting Monday, September 15, 1980 Sam was the answer to their problem. Keep coverage to people like Agee. I do not think e Mr. BROYHILL. Mr. Speaker, we out lower-priced goods, they begged. Years that is a defensible position if one really passed before Washington responded, but fi. wants to stop the wholesale naming of are all too aware of the declining pro­ ductivity rate which this country has nally quotas were imposed. Breathing room agents. The Covert Action newsletter is in was provided. the same dirty business as Agee, with the been experiencing in recent years. As same resulting risk to people working for this trend continues, our inflation rate But that was not the long-term answer. It the United States. correspondingly soars, and the cycle is can never be in a world that is moving, rap­ The danger is that the bill would reach idly now, toward a global economy. Each of perpetuated. In response to pleas for our 50 states produces what it can most effi. much farther than the professional publish­ help from specific industries, Congress ers of lists of names. The Justice Depart­ ciently and peddles it nationwide without ment itself warned that an earlier draft of has rea.Cted in the past by enacting tariffs or other trade barriers. Cotton has the legislation would apply "to disclosures shortsighted, stopgap funding meas­ gone from Carolina to California as a result. even of publicly-available information by ures, to shore up those businesses who So must be it worldwide. . any voter, journalist, historian or dinner­ could not otherwise survive. Such a N.C. textiles is proof today that you sur­ table debater," and "could have the effect tactic not only fails to address the vive by being efficient, not by subsidy. We of chilling legitimate critique and debate on actually are exporting textile fabric and basic problem of lagging productivity yarn to some of the countries that 20 years C.I.A. policy." in this country; it also serves to reward The House bill, in an attempt to meet the ago imperiled our own textile economy. foreign intelligence activities of the United survive despite the condition of our A government wisely concerned for its citi­ States. But intent is a slippery concept economy. zens will not seek to keep alive the ineffi. Robert L. Keuch, Associate Deputy Attor­ The textile industry is one which cient firm, even though owners will be quite ney General, testified in criticism of this has been surviving despite its capital­ willing. Rather, that government will aid in language: the burial and assist displaced workers in intensive nature and its traditionally transition. "A mainstream journalist, who may occa­ low profit margins. The tenacity and sionally write stories based on public infor­ perseverence of those in the textile in­ UNBURIED DEAD mation mentioning which foreign individ­ England is the best example of a nation uals are thought to have intelligence rela­ dustry, who have kept their businesses healthy despite soaring equipment that refuses to bury its industrial dead. tionships with the U.S., might be fearful When I was a kid, English goods were the that any later stories critical of the C.I.A. and production costs, are described by pride of any merchant. Today, British fac­ could be used as evidence of an intent to writer Rolfe Neill in a recent edition tories are the least productive of all major 'impede' foreign intelligence activities." of the Charlotte Observer. As Mr. industrial nations. Her goods are losing out. <"Mainstream?" The greatest freedom-of­ Neill points out, the textile industry Know who is next in declining efficiency? the-press decision by the Supreme Court, has consistently managed to stay on Our own nation. Near v. Minnesota in 1931, involved a sleazy anti-Semitic weekly.> its feet without any infusions of Gov­ This is the country that boasted "sound as Despite further changes the House bill ernment funds into the industry. a dollar" and bragged about "Made in USA" still troubles the Justice Department. And Rather, the textile industry has relied and sniggered at the copycat Japanese and some outside critics object not only to the upon advanced technology and their inferior products. We are not terminal vagueness of the intent clause. They note modern equipment in order to increase but we are quite ill industrially. We will die, that the bill would punish disclosure not and deserve to, unless we take action. its productivity levels. However, the Look at the long-term rates of growth and just of regular C.I.A. employees but of for­ costs involved in replacing such ad­ eign leaders who have been paid by the what has been happening in productivity agency, and of F.B.I. counterintelligence in­ vanced machinery, are rapidly becom­ since the year John F. Kennedy was elected formants inside this country. ing prohibitive, as a consequence of <1960): In the Senate, the Intelligence Committee our soaring inflation rate. Our present has approved a version of the bill that tries depreciation rates for business equip­ PRODUCTIVITY-1960 TO 1979 in other ways to limit its reach. It requires ment and machinery are woefully in­ proof that disclosure of a name was part of adequate, and unless we enact legisla­ Nation 1960-67 1967- 73 1973-79 a "pattern of activities intended to identify tion to permit more rapid depreciation and expose covert agents," and was done Canada •••••.•••••.••••••...•...... •...... 4.1 4.9 2.8 of these items, even the textile indus­ Japan ••••.••..•...... •.•....••...•••••••••• 9.0 10.0 4.2 with "reason to believe" it would impede in­ Italy ...... •.. 7.2 6.6 3.3 telligence activities. try will find it more and more difficult West Germany ••.•.•••••..• ••... •....•••..•• 5.8 5.0 5.0 to continue as a healthy, productive France ...... 5.6 5.7 5.1 The Senate bill is better, and the commit­ 4.1 3.8 0.6 tee report says specifically that it would not contributor to our economy. Mr. ~~~~ ~~,~ .::::::::::::::::::::::::: : :: 3.7 2.9 2.1 cover "news media reporting of intelligence Neill's article illustrates why we need September 15, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25441 REALLY QUITE SIMPLE INDIA AIDS IRAN AND DOES NOT 6. June 18, 1980.-State Department testi­ One needn't possess a Harvard MBA to DESERVE AMERICAN NUCLEAR fies in favor of exports at Senate Foreign understand productivity. If you pay a FUEL Relations/Governmental Affairs Committee worker $5 an hour and he produces five wid­ Hearings, stressing, among other points in gets, then the unit labor is $1 per widget. If India's favor that India has refrained from he produces 10 widgets and hour, the unit HON.EDWARDJ.MARKEY recognizing the pro-Soviet Kampuchean labor cost is now only 50 cents. He is more OF MASSACHUSETTS government. productive and this makes the factory more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 7. June 19, 1980.-President signs Execu­ tive Order overruling the 5-0 NRC vote and competitive in the market. Monday, September 15, 1980 How does one go from 5 to 10 widgets an authorizing the Tarapur exports, stating hour? Management and worker efficiency e Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, I urge the need for the U.S. to "bolster our rela­ my colleagues to oppose the shipment tions" with nations in South Asia, "particu­ help but usually big productivity increases larly those that can play a role in checking are the result of better machinery. of nuclear fuel to India and support Soviet expansionism." Our state's textile business illustrates the the resolution of disapproval reported 8. July 8, 1980.-India recognizes pro­ point. That industry has lowered the out of the House Foreign Affairs Com­ Soviet Heng Samrin government in Kampu­ number of workers employed, raised the mittee. chea. wages of those remaining and increased pro­ The State Department and the 9. July 19, 1980.-India orbits a satellite ductivity. How? By installing ne.w equip­ Carter administration have made un­ using a rocket whose guidance system can ment . opment of nuclear warheads. Consider a typical cotton mill producing a eign policy objectives in that country. Let us examine the evidence. single fabric, from a bale of fiber to cloth CFrom the Statesman , June 14, ready to ship for dyeing: President Carter told Mrs. Ghandi 1980) In 1968, that firm invested $26,055 in last winter that he would send the machnery per worker. Today, it invests uranium fuel to India. I am inserting INDIA To HELP IRAN BEAT U.S. SANCTIONS $122,925 per worker. Land and building are in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a chro­ extra. nology of Indian foreign policy deci­ NEW DELHI.-lndia is to send grain and a From where does that money come? Tex­ sions announced subsequently. The number of other industrial products be­ tiles only makes about 3 cents profit on chronology shows that: lieved to be worth several hundred million each $1 of sales