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Bosnia CSR 2018 Bosnia & Herzegovina 2020 OSAC Crime & Safety Report This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo. OSAC encourages travelers to use this report to gain baseline knowledge of security conditions in Bosnia & Herzegovina (hereafter Bosnia or BiH). For more in-depth information, review OSAC’s Bosnia country page for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private-sector representatives with an OSAC password. Travel Advisory The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses Bosnia and Herzegovina at Level 2, indicating travelers should exercise increased caution due to terrorism and land mines. Review OSAC’s report, Understanding the Consular Travel Advisory System. Overall Crime and Safety Situation Crime Threats The U.S. Department of State has assessed Sarajevo, Banja Luka, and Mostar as being HIGH-threat locations for crime directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. The vast majority of crimes that affect the U.S. and international communities are non-violent street crime, theft, and opportunistic burglary. Begging, pickpocketing, vehicle break-ins, and other related crimes of opportunity are prevalent. Petty theft and pickpocket incidents are common, focusing primarily on tourist areas and public transportation. Residential break-ins, particularly late-night burglaries, are also common, but reports of confrontational home-invasions are rare. Crime, while generally non-violent, may occur anywhere and at any time. The greatest concentration of crime incidents is in Sarajevo and other larger towns (e.g. Banja Luka, Tuzla, Mostar). Review OSAC’s reports, All That You Should Leave Behind. As of January 2020, overall crime information was available for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from January – November 2019. Statistics for the Republika Srpska and the Brčko District were not yet available. There was a decrease in total crime in the Federation by 12.1% compared to 2018. The statistics for specific forms of crime were not available at this moment. Violent crime (e.g. murder, carjacking, rape, mugging) not associated with organized crime groups is not a significant concern. There is a substantial organized crime element, with numerous criminal gangs involved in smuggling, trafficking, and other transnational crime. There have been incidents of violent attacks in public places that police have attributed to organized crime. Violence among members of these groups/affiliates is quite common. As a result of the 1992 – 1995 war, military grade weapons and munitions are abundant. Consequently, violent crimes often involve war-era munitions (e.g. assault rifles, grenades). There are regular reports of individuals using explosives against local businesses and private properties in Sarajevo and elsewhere. The expatriate community is not a specific target, although members could become victims due to circumstance or proximity. Be alert at all times, especially after dark and in locations frequented by foreigners, such as cafés and restaurants. People wearing backpacks stand out and attract the attention of pickpockets who easily gain access without the owners’ knowledge.Take normal precautions to protect your property from theft and exercise common sense personal security measures, such as traveling in groups and staying in well-lighted areas after dark. Avoid carrying large sums of money. Cybersecurity Issues Cybercrime is rare and mainly consists of relatively unsophisticated website defacement, and attempts to obtain personal data. Review OSAC’s reports, Cybersecurity Basics and Best Practices for Maximizing Security on Public Wi-Fi. Transportation-Safety Situation Road Safety and Road Conditions The emergency number for vehicle assistance and towing service is 1282 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 1285 in the Republika Srpska. Mediocre road conditions, inclement weather, poorly-maintained vehicles, careless pedestrians, and inattentive drivers can make BiH a challenging place to drive. Vehicle accidents are a major concern, as drivers speed and drive recklessly, including passing in no passing zones and on blind curves. Depending on the location, emergency medical care may not be readily available. The vast majority of roads are two-lane and in poor condition. There are only approximately 200 kilometers of paved four-lane highway throughout the country. Intercity roads tend to be narrow and often lack guardrails; this is particularly dangerous given the country’s mountainous topography. Adverse and unpredictable weather (e.g. heavy fog, rain, ice, snow) compounds these dangers. Nighttime driving presents additional hazards, as most roads outside of city limits do not have proper lighting. Exercise extreme caution while driving vehicles, particularly at night and during the winter. Arrive at your destination before nightfall. The use of seat belts is mandatory. Talking on a cell phone while driving is illegal. The legal blood alcohol limit is .03%. Bosnian law requires a safety vest, spare tire, jack, first aid kit, safety triangle, tow rope, and spare light bulbs in the car at all times. To drive legally in Bosnia and Herzegovina, you must have an international driving permit and a U.S. license. Snow tires are mandatory for all automobiles from November 15 through April 15. Review OSAC’s reports, Road Safety Abroad, Driving Overseas: Best Practices, and Evasive Driving Techniques; and read the State Department’s webpage on driving and road safety abroad. Public Transportation Conditions Be wary of pickpockets and impostor ticket controllers aboard public transportation. Taxicabs are plentiful, inexpensive, and generally safe; look for a functional meter and for the letters “TA” on the vehicle license plate. Review OSAC’s report, Security In Transit: Airplanes, Public Transport, and Overnights. Aviation/Airport Conditions Airport services are reliable but limited. There are daily flights to major transit hubs (e.g. Istanbul, Vienna, Munich) in addition to other airports in the Balkans (e.g. Zagreb, Belgrade). During the winter months, heavy fog frequently delays or cancels flights into and out of Sarajevo (SJJ). Be prepared for last-minute cancellations, schedule changes, lengthy delays, alternate routings, or time-consuming overland transportation. As there is no direct commercial air service to the United States by carriers registered in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards. Terrorism Threat The U.S. Department of State has assessed Sarajevo, Banja Luka, and Mostar as being HIGH-threat locations for terrorism directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. During the 1990s, a large number of Islamic fighters traveled to BiH to aid the war effort. Several hundred remained, and are active in Islamic fundamentalist congregations and organizations, influencing specific segments of the Bosnian Muslim community. The most recent incidents with links to terrorism occurred in 2017 and 2018, when police arrested suspected lone wolf operators with explosives and weapons in Sarajevo. In the 2017 incident, the individual, arrested with a large cache of weapons in the trunk of a car, had links to other people with terrorism ties. The State Investigation and Protection Agency (SIPA) for BiH has conducted several raids, arresting persons suspected of joining or supporting foreign fighters. Over the last several years, many Bosnians who traveled to Syria and Iraq have returned home, potentially increasing the terror threat. Political, Economic, Religious, and Ethnic Violence Civil Unrest The U.S. Department of State has assessed Sarajevo, Banja Luka, and Mostar as being MEDIUM-threat locations for political violence directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. Peaceful demonstrations are relatively common. Most protests are fueled by wage or pension issues. War veterans protest frequently outside the BiH Federal Government Building. These protests have largely remained peaceful. Throughout 2019, the “Justice for David” group repeatedly organized protests in Banja Luka, Sarajevo, and other regional cities. Protests remained peaceful, but often drew considerable police attention. The largest protest reached an estimated 15,000 people. In June 2019, Republika Srpska authorities banned the group from conducting protests in Banja Luka. Review OSAC’s report, Surviving a Protest. Religious/Ethnic Violence Harassment and discrimination against members of minorities continued throughout the country, although not as frequently as in previous years. The Interreligious Council of BiH reported, for example, that the number of attacks against religious buildings continued to decrease, as they recorded only six cases during 2018. Members of minority groups also continue to experience discrimination in employment and education in both the government and private sectors. While the law prohibits discrimination, human rights activists frequently complained that authorities did not adequately enforce the law. For example, in 2018, 121 hate crimes were recorded in the country, but only two resulted in convictions. On April 9, unknown perpetrators spray-painted Nazi and Serb nationalist symbols on
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