AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE you is, NO. JOURNAL JANUARY, 1941 SOUTH AMERICAN NUMBER * PNR H r: HH18PR HHR|| HI American Insurance Protects the Vital Life Lines of World Commerce C American firms operating abroad or engaged in foreign trade have available today for the protection of their properties the facilities of this country’s soundest insurance companies. C Present world conditions have created an increased demand for protection in American companies and for many good reasons. Impor¬ tant among these is that losses are paid direct to the insured in United States dollars thus elimi¬ nating any chance for a foreign government or court to block payment. C Our organization, one of the pioneers in the field of international insurance, has helped, over the past 20 years, to make American insurance facilities available to the commerce of the world. CONTENTS JANUARY, 1941 PRIZE STORY JTINKER “The Last Legation” By Pierre de L. Boal (Page 31) Cover Picture: S.S. Brazil leaving New York Harbor See page 14 Recent Developments in the Field of Inter-American Cultural Relations By Edward G. Trueblood Press Comment Aviation in the Americas Office of the Coordinator of Commercial and Cultural Relations Between the American Republics The Founding of Santiago, 1541-1941 By Charles F. Knox, Jr Inter-American Maritime Traffic. 20 NORTH AMERICA Editor’s Column The Good Neighbor Policy, 22 SOUTH AMERICA News from the Department CENTRAL AMERICA By Reginald P. Mitchell 23 News from the Field 26 CARIBREAN The Bookshelf PANAMA CANAL /. Rives Childs, Review Editor 28 Consult your Travel Agent or JOURNAL PHOTOGRAPH CONTEST 30 The Last Legation By Pierre de L. Boal.... GRACE LINE Foreign Service Changes, 628 Fifth Avenue (Rockefeller Center) or Service Glimpses 35 10 Hanover Square, New York Circulating Library in Mexico 38 914 - 15th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Marriage 38 Agents and Offices in all principal cities Birth 38 Supplement to the Photographic Register 40 Excerpts from an Address by Ambassador Daniels 43 In Memoriatn 46 Visitors 59 Issued monthly by the American Foreign Service Associa¬ tion, Department of State, Washington, D .C. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office in Washington, D. C., under the act of March 3, 1879. 1 EVERY HOUSE NEEDS W E S T I N G H 0 U S E Any boy can build a motor O For a thing so important to modern life, the electric MAKERS CF FINE ELECTRICAL motor is an amazingly simple device. Any bright hoy PRODUCTS SINCE 1886 can follow instructions and make one that will run. REFRIGERATORS RADIOS • RANGES But fitting electric motors to the world’s work is a WATER HEATERS man’s job. What makes it complicated is that every FANS • IRONS task, to be done efficiently, requires a certain kind of WASHERS • IRONERS motor. That’s why Westinghouse makes over 20,000 VACUUM CLEANERS LAMPS & LIGHTING different types, sizes and ratings. EQUIPMENT Add to this the more than fifty years of Westinghouse MICARTA SWITCHES & SOCKETS experience in making thousands of other electrical X-RAY EQUIPMENT products—for the home, for industry, for commerce ELEVATORS and power stations. METERS • RELAYS MOTORS • TRANSFORMERS You then can better understand why the Westing- GENERATORS house name on an electrical product assures you the WELDING EQUIPMENT utmost in quality, performance and satisfaction. STEAM TURBINES INSULATORS • RECTIFIERS Perhaps you know a bright boy who would like to TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT have us send a little book telling how to make a toy electric motor. Available in English or Spanish. Just LISTEN TO Westinghouse write to the address below, Room 1201. short wave Station WPIT, Westinghouse Electric International Company Pittsburgh, U. S. A. 150 IBroadway • Cable Address: WEMCOEXPO • New York WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC Before You Buy, Consult Your Westinghouse Distributor 2 INDEX FOR ADVERTISERS American Export Lines ’ , 46 American International Underwriters Corporation 11 COVER American Republics Line - 48 American Security and Trust Company 37 HOST ioifie Bacardi, Santiago de Cuba 59 Brewood (Engravers) 52 Calvert School 55 Campbell Company, W. D 57 Cathay Hotel Shanghai _ . 59 Chase National Bank 57 Clark, Horace F., & Son 58 Fairfax Hotel _ 52 Federal Storage Company 50 Fessenden School, The _ 52 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. - . — 4 General Motors Overseas Operations 36 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Export Company 56 Grace Line 1 Gude Bros. Co. — 58 Hay-Adams House ._. 53 IN THE International Telephone & Telegraph Co 42 NATIONAL CAPITAL Mayflower Hotel 3 Metropole Hotel Shanghai 59 When you step into the lobby of this world- Montgomery Ward 47 famous hostelry you instantly feel that it is Moore-McCormack Lines 48 a great hotel, great in the sense that it is the home of international personages and a color National City Bank 49 ful setting for the great events occurring National Geographic Magazine 45 daily within its corridors. This endless pro¬ New England Mutual Life Insurance Co 53 cession of important happenings and distin¬ guished guests never fails to thrill the dis¬ Pacific Fisheries. Assn, of ..... 52 criminating traveler seeking a standard of Pan-American Airways, Inc — 51 service conforming with individual require¬ Park Hotel—Shanghai . - 59 ments in comfort, hospitality and service. That is why they stop at The Mayflower, Sapp, Earle W., C.L.U. 53 when visiting the National Capital. Its every Schenley Products III COVER modern service and convenient location as Sea Captains’ Shop. The 59 sures the most for a pleasant stay, yet, its Security Storage Company of Washington . 37 rates are no higher than at less finely ap¬ Sloane, W. & J. 54 pointed hotels. Socuny-\ acuum < li I Co., Inc. til> Dipl/nnatic discount extended Turner’s Diplomatic School 57 to officers of the Foreign Service Tyner, Miss E. J — 58 in Washington on active duty. Underwriters II COVER Underwood Elliott Fisher Company. .... 39 WASHINGTON’S FINEST HOTEL United Fruit Company — 55 United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company .... .51 United States Lines 41 Walcott-Taylor Co., Inc 53 Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV COVER Ihe UlRVFLOUIER Westinghouse Electric International Company 2 WASHINGTON, D. C. R. L. Pollio, Manager Woodward & Lothrop 44 Please mention THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL when writing to Advertisers. Q u 'Tir«$tone CHAMPION TIRES WHAT THE MAYOR OF SALT LAKE CITY M"W SAYS ABOUT HIGHWAY SAFETY 1 say highway accidents can be prevented! And I know w’hat I’m talking about. I’ve driven more than 2,000,000 miles without an accident of any kind. I hold 290 speed and endurance records — more victories than any other driver in the world. Safe cars are as necessary as safe drivers. That means safe lights, safe bodies, safe brakes — and safe tires! And from personal experience I know that Firestone Champions are safer than any other tires that money can buy! They give much greater heat protection against blowouts than any comparable tire Firestone has ever built. The silent Gear-Grip tread has 3,456 sharp-edged angles for greater protection against skidding and gives much longer non-skid mileage. You get premium performance withoutpremiumprice!Forgreater highway safety, take my advice. Have your nearby dealer put a set on your car today. > AB JENKINS, Mayor of Salt Lake City and World’s Safest Driver THE ONLY TIRES MADE THAT ARE SAFETY-PROVED ON THE SPEED WA Y FOR YOUR PROTECTION ON THE HIGHWAY THE FOREIGN E JOURNAL cn PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION VOL. 18, No. 1 WASHINGTON, D. C. JANUARY, 1941 Recent Developments in the Field of Inter- America n Cultural Relations: Cooperation between Government and Private Interests By EDWARD G. TRUEBLOOD, Assistant Chief of the Division of Cultural Relations OUR Government has long been interested in in¬ visitor to our missions and consular offices was the ternational cultural relations but a more active business man seeking advice concerning “market” phase of governmental direction and promotion of possibilities, today our officers are receiving a activities in this field may be said to have begun stream of people interested in everything from folk¬ two years and a half ago, in July, 1938, with the lore to prison reform. Not that “cultural'’ activi¬ establishment, within the Department of State, of a ties are new to the Service: interesting books on division of “cultural relations.” The scope of ac¬ Argentina and Brazil have been written by recent tivities of this division is world-wide, but the out¬ ambassadors there, a consul in a small West Coast break of the war in Europe in 1939 has tended to port organized a string quartet, a secretary in an confine it principally to the Western Hemisphere. important capital conducted the national symphony This concentration on the “good neighborhood” has orchestra, a consul in an isolated post wrote and also been deliberate, since private initiative and staged a three-act play, the wife of one of our sec¬ philanthropy have created a much denser network retaries at Buenos Aires wrote one of the few exist¬ of cultural ties between the United States and ing biographies in English of San Martin, a recent Europe and the Far East than with the other Ameri¬ Ambassador in Chile interested himself in the can Republics. There has thus been much more American schools there and still serves on the board need for governmental encouragement in this last- of directors of Santiago College. Less spectacular named area, and this need under the impact of activities have also gone on quietly at many posts, world events has become urgent and compelling. It where officers have taken keen interest in the cul¬ is generally realized that the close political, mili¬ tural resources of their communities, formed tary and economic cooperation among the Western friendships with leading artists, writers, teachers, Republics necessitated by the state of the world to¬ musicians or scientists and have in turn been of day must, in order to be successful, be satisfactorily great value, as a result, to visitors from the United complemented in the field of cultural relationships.