Teacher's Guide
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Teacher’s Guide WHAT’S WITH LONGITUDE? Pg 18 ™ Winter Count Robes Pg 16 How Water Tells INTO HISTORY Time Pg 44 Where Paint Marks the Year Pg 54 MAGAZINE ARTICLES When Time Stood Still . 2 Expository Nonfiction 920L American Woodhenge . What. 4 . Expository Nonfiction 1110L Calendars . 8 . Expository Nonfiction 1090L All in Your Head . 14 Expository Nonfiction 860L Lakota Winter Count . 16. Expository Nonfiction 1060L Help! I’m Lost Without My Watch!Time . 18 Expository Nonfiction 1060L Sand, Bells, and Watches . 24 Expository Nonfiction 1140L 1 The Thrill of Time Travel . 30 Expository Nonfiction 1210L Is It? Dig: What Time Is It? © September 2016 Contents WHAT’S WITH LONGITUDE? Pg 18 ™ Winter Count OVERVIEW Teacher’s Guide for Dig: Robes Pg 16 How Water Tells What Time Is It? INTO HISTORY Time Pg 44 In this magazine, Where Paint Marks the Year Pg 54 readers will learn how Using This Guide . 2. different people What conceptualize Skills and Standards Overview . 3. and mark time. Time Dig: What Time 1 Is It? Is It? includes Article Guides . 4 information about how chronometers have impacted life at sea and how a variety of timekeeping devices Cross-Text Connections. 12. were invented or constructed. Mini-Unit . 13 Graphic Organizers . .16 . Appendix: Meeting State and National Standards . 18 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How do humans conceptualize and track time? 1 Dig: What Time Is It? © September 2016 Using This Guide We invite you to use this magazine as a flexible teaching tool, ideal for providing interdisciplinary instruction of social studies and science content as well as core literacy concepts . Find practical advice for teaching individual articles or use a mini-unit that helps your students make cross-text connections as they integrate ideas and information . READ INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES PAGES 4 – 11 Each article in this magazine is well-suited for teaching literacy concepts and content area knowledge . For each individual article in this guide, you’ll find the following: Prepare to Read Essential Question CCSS.Speaking and Listening 1, 2, 4 Content Concepts C3 Framework for Social Studies Close Reading and Text Analysis Next Generation Science Standards CCSS.Reading.1-10 Key Vocabulary Writing/Speaking and Listening CCSS.Reading.4 CCSS.Writing.1, 2, 3 & 6 CCSS.Speaking and Listening 1, 2, 4 TEACH A MINI-UNIT PAGES 13 – 15 SOCIAL Magazine articles can easily be grouped to make cross-text STUDIES connections and comparisons . Our Mini Unit allows students to read and discuss multiple articles and integrate ideas and information (CCSS .Reading .9) . Discussing multiple articles (CCSS .Reading .9) prepares students to write texts to share and CORE publish in a variety of ways (CCSS Writing. .2) . LITERACY ARTICLES 2 Dig: What Time Is It? © September 2016 Skills and Standards Overview Essential Question: How do humans conceptualize and track time? MAGAZINE CORE CONTENT LITERACY CORRESPONDING CCSS ARTICLES CONCEPT SKILLS ANCHOR STANDARDS When Time Stood Still Changes in technology • Close Reading Reading 1, 2, 3, 5 & 7 Expository Nonfiction represent examples of • Interpret Visual Writing 3 historical change . Information • Analyze Text Structure • Write Narrative Texts American Woodhenge The needs of a culture • Close Reading Reading 2, 4, 5 & 6 Expository Nonfiction influence the technology it • Evaluate Word Choice Writing 2 & 7 creates . • Determine Author’s Purpose • Research and Write Calendars... The needs of a culture • Close Reading Reading 1, 2, 3, 7 & 9 Expository Nonfiction influence the technology it • Interpret Visual Speaking & Listening 1 & 2 creates . Information • Analyze Multiple Perspectives • Debate a Topic All in Your Head Environmental needs • Close Reading Reading 1, 2 & 4 Expository Nonfiction influence cultural patterns of • Evaluate Tone Writing 1 & 7 behavior . • Evaluate Word Choice • Research and Write Lakota Winter Count People’s perspectives shape • Close Reading Reading 1, 2, 5 & 8 Expository Nonfiction the historical sources they • Analyze Text Features Speaking & Listening 4 create . • Analyze an Argument • Present an Opinion Help! I’m Lost Without My The needs of a culture • Close Reading Reading 1, 3, 4 & 5 Watch! influence the technology it • Analyze Literary Devices Writing 1 Expository Nonfiction creates . • Evaluate Tone • Write Arguments Sand, Bells, and Watches The needs of a culture • Close Reading Reading 1, 2, 4, 5 & 7 Expository Nonfiction influence the technology it • Interpret Visual Writing 3 uses . Information • Evaluate Word Choice • Write Narrative Texts The Thrill of Time Travel People’s perspectives shape • Close Reading Reading 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6 Expository Nonfiction the historical sources they • Analyze Text Structure Writing 3 create . • Analyze Point of View • Analyze Poetry • Write Narrative Texts Comparing Texts: CCSS Reading 9 Mini-Unit: CCSS Reading 1, Reading 7, Writing 9, Writing 10 3 Dig: What Time Is It? © September 2016 ARTICLE: When Time Stood Still Magazine pages 2 - 3, Expository Nonfiction by Gordon Grimwade 0 When Time Stood Still complex and large (see pages 44–45). Ancient The hourglass was a… scientists, like their modern counterparts, were later addition to the various devices that existed brilliant people. They may not have had tablets before the chronometer was perfected in the 18th or personal computers, but Arab scholars made century. The chronometer’s concept was simple. incredible advances in human knowledge long Two glass bulbs (example at right), before the Western world moved out of the one filled with a specific amount of 92 so-called Dark Ages. sand, were joined by a narrow neck. It took one hour for the sand Elsewhere, people… to flow from the top bulb to the used candles (below) to tell the time. In China, bottom one. For many centuries, around 520 C.E., You Jiangu and a few colleagues they were popular on sailing The ability to tell time is necessary to humans, and many figured out that similar candles burn at the same ships, but the crew member ow do you tell the time on a cloudy day? were refined and rate. For example, they took six candles, each responsible for turning the HEasy. You check your watch. gained greater marked in 12 sections, that they knew took four glass each hour could not fall accuracy—except hours to burn away. Simple mathematics will tell asleep at the wrong moment. Okay, but… when the sun was you that each section took 20 minutes to burn. Small hourglasses were let’s go back several thousand years to when hidden by those About 300 years later, England’s King Alfred popular in kitchens to help boil devices, from the sundial to the modern egg timer, have been watches did not exist. A glance at the sun would billowing clouds. used a similar clock. Did it take three centuries for eggs correctly. The sand ran through in three give some idea of time, but, on cloudy days or at the idea to cross Asia and Europe or did Alfred minutes. Today, electronic egg timers are night, that was impossible. Yet, even during bad Someone really… come up with the idea on his own? We do not available, but Grandma may have an old one weather, people needed to plant crops, hold needed to sort out this time-keeping business. know, but historians and archaeologists may tucked away in her cupboards, if you ask her. ceremonies, attend meetings or even raid Eventually, cloudy days were no excuse to be someday figure out the answer. neighbors. As a result, many ingenious ways to late. The Egyptians invented the water clock, One advantage… tell time were invented. which contained a reservoir of known volume Candle clocks needed… with the egg timer is that you can still use it, even invented for the purpose . The sundial (below) was being used in Egypt by that would steadily drain through a hole of protection from the wind. A gentle breeze caused if it is cloudy outside. 1500 B.C.E., and its principle was simple. As the specific size. The water clock, or clepsydra (from them to burn more quickly, while a strong puff sun moves across the sky, the shadows it casts also the Greek words “to steal water”), would blow them out (maybe that is when time Gordon Grimwade is an archaeologist and writer living in Queensland Australia, when he is not exploring other parts of move. By marking equal divisions around a gradually became more complicated stood still). As these clocks were used long before the planet. selected rock, tree, or stick, early humans could (see above). glass was available, wooden frames, fitted with get some idea of the time. Seasonal changes transparent horn panels, brought their own challenges, but sundials slowly Al-Jazari, a famous… protected the flame. 12th-century C.E. Arab scholar, exile Score: exile used water to power his 20-foot- high clock that was extremely L 2 3 ESSENTIAL PREPARE TO READ QUESTION Ask if the students have ever been late for something . What were the results? How do humans conceptualize and track Have them imagine a society where no one kept track of time . What would it time? be like? Lead them to draw conclusions about why it’s important to track time . CORE CONTENT CONCEPT Social Studies Changes in CLOSE READING AND TEXT ANALYSIS technology represent examples of Key Ideas historical change . • Make a chart of each device used to tell time . Include how it works and its limitations . CCSS Reading 3 • What is the theme of this article? Highlight details in the text that helped you CROSS-CURRICULAR EXTENSION determine the theme . CCSS Reading 1 & 2 Science Build a sundial and use Craft and Structure it to mark time while studying the • Interpret Visual Information Study the illustrations that accompany the text . principles behind its effectiveness . Note which section of the text each relates to .