Index

ES/N0, 40, 159 Channel coding for CDMA, 294 Eb/N0, 40, 159 Channel diversity, 192 1X mode, 389 Channel estimation, 181, 227 3GPP, 361 Channel estimation 3X mode, 389 in frequency direction, 189 3rd Generation Partnership Project, 361 in time and frequency direction, 192 Active set, 298, 374, 386 in time direction, 186 Adaptive antennas, 301 Channel simulation, 67 Alamouti scheme, 87, 235 Chip, 305 Antenna diversity, 235 Chip Antipodal modulation, 36 duration, 306 ASK, 40 period, 306 Autocorrelation function, 58 pulse, 305 Autocorrelation matrix, 200 Closed-loop power control, 286, 374, AWGN, 25 379 Closed-loop transmit diversity, 368 Barker code, 282, 352 Cluster size, 274, 290 Base station, 269 Coarse/acquisition code, 356 Base station controller, 269 Code allocation, 364, 376, 381 Baseband, 18 Code rate, 94 BCJR algorithm, 125 Code tree, 277, 282 Bessel function, 58 Code word, 93 BICM, 214 Coherence bandwidth, 53, 194 Block code, 93 Complementary code keying, 353 Block interleaver, 194 Complex baseband, 18 BPSK, 209 Complex baseband stochastic processes, BS, 269 27 C/A code, 356 Compressed mode, 375, 392 Capacity, 290, 295 Concatenated coding, 103 CDMA,1,265 Convolutional code, 114, 209, 367, 382, cdma2000, 386 389 cdmaOne, 380 Convolutional interleaver, 196 Cell search, 371, 378, 384, 391 Correlation coefficient, 305 Channel coding, 93, 245 Correlation frequency, 53

Theory and Applications of OFDM and CDMA Henrik Schulze and Christian Luders¨  2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 404 INDEX

Correlation matrix, 308 per useful bit Eb,40 Correlation time, 53 Equivalent independently fading Coverage probability, 273 channel, 201 Cyclic prefix, 154 Estimation error, 185 ETSI, 361 DAB, 176, 208, 209, 242 Euclidean distance, 5 DAMPS, 358 Euclidean norm, 5 DCH, 367 European Telecommunications Standards Decision threshold, 34 Institute, 361 Decoding delay, 193, 195, 198 Extrinsic LLR, 113 Decorrelating receiver, 328 Dedicated channel, 367 Fading, 51 Dedicated physical control channel, 367 Fading amplitude, 72 Dedicated physical data channel, 367 FDD, 361 Delay power spectrum, 61 FFT, 153 Delay spread, 53, 60 Forward link, 269 Detector, 7, 8 Forward-backward recursions, 127 Digital American Mobile Phone System, Fourier base, 1 358 Fourier coefficients, 1 Discontinuous transmission, 293 Frequency allocation, 290, 295, 363, Discrete AWGN channel, 29 376, 380, 387 Discrete fading channel, 73, 74 Frequency division duplex, 361 Diversity, 78 Frequency hopping, 352 Diversity branch spectrum, 202 Frequency interleaving, 249 Diversity degree Frequency selectivity, 51, 60 of the channel, 199 Fundamental channel, 389 Diversity spectrum, 199 DL, 269 Galois field, 133 Doppler frequency, 51 Gaussian Nyquist pulse, 11 Doppler spectrum, 57 Gaussian random variable, 25 Downlink, 269 Generator, 115 DPCCH, 367 Generator DPDCH, 367 polynomial, 115, 280 DPSK, 44 Global Positioning System, 355 DQPSK, 250 Global System for Mobile DS-CDMA, 306, 362 Communications, 358 DTX, 293 Gold codes, 281, 365 DVB, 208, 209, 251 GPP2, 362 DVB-C, 252 GPS, 355, 381, 388 DVB-S, 252 GSM, 358 DVB-T, 183, 213, 252 Guard period, 377 Dynamic channel allocation, 301 Hadamard matrices, 13 Hamming codes, 103 Effective spreading factor, 266 Hamming distance, 94, 199 Energy Handover, 270, 374, 379, 386 per symbol ES,39 Handover gain, 272, 274, 296 INDEX 405 Handover hysteresis, 296, 298 m-sequences, 279, 365 Hard capacity planning, 293 Macrodiversity, 274, 296 Hard handover, 270, 374, 379, 386 MAI, 316, 320, 321, 346 Hierarchical cell structure, 294 MAP receiver, 112, 321, 326 Hierarchical networks, 363 Matched filter, 8 Hilbert space, 5 Matched filter base, 308 Matrix block interleaver, 195 IEEE 802.11, 352, 354 Maximum likelihood, 32 IMT-2000, 360 Maximum ratio combining (MRC), Inner-loop power control, 288 79 Institute of Electrical and Electronics maxlog, 219 Engineers, 352 maxlog MAP, 114 Integral kernel, 63 MC-CDMA, 306, 362 Intelligent antennas, 301 Metric, 216 Intercell interference, 274 Microdiversity, 296 Interference, 285, 290 Midamble, 377 Interference averaging, 292 Minimum mean square error, 337 Interference cancellation, 339, 365 MLSE, 32, 121 Interference diversity, 292 MLSE Interleaver, 194 for fading channels, 72–74 Interleaving, 192, 227 MLSE receiver, 321–323, 325, 326, International Mobile 347 Telecommunications, 360 MMSE receiver, 337 International Telecommunications Mobile radio channel, 51 Union, 360 Mobile reception Intersymbol interference, 9, 54 of DVB-T, 257 Intracell interference, 274 Mobile station, 269 IS-136, 358 Mobile switching center, 269 IS-95, 358, 380 Modulation schemes, 38 ISI, 154, 346 Monte-Carlo Simulations, 90 Isotropic Doppler spectrum, 58 MRC, 80, 344 ITU, 360 MS, 269 MUD receiver, 315 Jakes Doppler spectrum, 58 Multicarrier CDMA, 387, 389 JD-CDMA, 375 Multicarrier transmission, 145, 149 Joint detection, 301, 375, 378 Multipath diversity, 267, 297 Multipath propagation, 51 Kasami codes, 282 Multiple access interference, 316 Multiplexing, 247 Linear CDMA receivers, 328 Multiuser detection, 315 Linear code, 94 Linear modulation schemes, 38 Near–far problem, 285, 315, 321 LLR, 218 Network capacity, 292 Local mean, 273 Noise, 25 Log-likelihood ratio (LLR), Normplot, 166 105 NSC encoder, 119 Long-term fading, 271 Null symbol, 176 406 INDEX Nyquist Primary scrambling code, 365 base, 9 Primary synchronization code word, criterion, 10 372, 378, 392 pulse, 9 Primitive element, 133 Processing gain, 268 OFDM, 1, 145 Projection theorem, 184 OFDM Propagation loss, 271 and nonlinearities, 166 Pseudoinverse, 331 symbol, 159 Pseudonoise sequences, 279 OFDM with convolutional coding, 208, 213 QAM, 40, 209, 213, 227, 252 OFDM with QAM, 213 QPSK, 208 OFDM with QPSK, 208 Quadrature Omni cell, 270 components, 20 Open-loop power control, 286, 374, 379 demodulator, 22 Orthogonal detector base, 309 modulator, 20 Orthogonal modulation, 37 Orthogonal signals, 1, 5 Radio network controller, 269 Orthogonal variable spreading factor Raised cosine pulses, 11 codes, 277 RAKE receiver, 267, 342, 346 Orthogonality factor, 290 Random access, 373, 379, 385 Orthogonality principle, 184 Random access preamble, 373, 385 Orthonormal base, 2 Rate matching, 367 Orthonormal transmit bases, 13 Receive antenna diversity, 236 Out-of-band radiation, 162 Receive space, 308 Outer-loop power control, 288 Reed–Solomon code, 254 OVSF codes, 277, 364, 376 Reed–Solomon codes, 131 Repetition codes, 101 P code, 356 Representation of CDMA signals, 304 Paging channel, 382 Reverse link, 269 Pairwise error probabilities, 34 Rice factor, 67 Pairwise error probabilities Ricean channel, 67 for diversity, 82 Rolloff factor, 10 for fading channels, 76 Root-raised cosine filter, 370 Parity check, 94 RSC encoder, 119 Parseval’s equation, 6 Passband, 18 Sampling Theorem, 228, 232 PC, 285 Sampling theorem, 6 Pilot channel, 369, 382, 383, 389 Scalar product, 2 Pilot grid, 182, 183 Scalar product Pilot symbols, 181, 368 of signals, 5 PN, 279 Scattering function, 62 Power budget handover, 270 Schwarz inequality, 6 Power control, 285, 374, 379, 386, 392 Secondary scrambling code, 365 Power density spectrum, 152, 160, 161 Secondary synchronization code word, Power efficiency, 38, 40, 44 372, 378 Precision code, 356 Sector cell, 270 INDEX 407 Sectorization, 271, 275, 302 TDD-CDMA, 362 Shift register, 279 Threshold metric, 216 Signal energy, 9 Time division CDMA, 375 Signal space, 5 Time division duplex, 301, 361 Signals of finite energy, 5 Time interleaving, 193, 247 Signature pulses, 305 Time interleaving Signature vector, 305 for DAB, 194 Signature waveforms, 305 Time variance, 51, 54 Simplex codes, 102 Time-variant impulse response, 64 sinc base, 7 Time-variant transfer function, 64 Single parity check codes, 101 Traffic channel, 382 Single-user matched filter (SUMF) Training sequence, 377 receiver, 315, 316 Transmission frame, 244 SISO decoder, 113 Transmit Slotted mode, 299, 375 base, 8 Smart antennas, 301, 369 pulse, 8 Smoothing window, 165 symbol, 8 SNR, 39, 40, 159 Transmit antenna diversity, 86, 237 Soft capacity planning, 293 Transmit space, 307 Soft handover, 270, 295, 374, 379, 386 Transmitter, 7 Softer handover, 296 Transport format combination indicator, SOVA, 124 369 Spectrum mask, 162 Trellis, 116 Spread spectrum, 265 Turbo code, 389 Spreading, 265 Turbo coding, 367 Spreading factor, 266, 364, 376, 381, 389 UL, 269 Spreading sequence, 265 UMTS, 361 SSS processes, 57 Universal Mobile Telecommunication State diagram, 117 System, 361 Successive interference cancellation, 339 Universal Terrestrial Radio Access, 361 Sufficient statistics, 30 Uplink, 269 SUMF receiver, 315, 316 UTRA, 361 Supplemental channel, 389 UTRA FDD, 363 Switched beams, 302 UTRA TDD, 375 Synchronization, 175, 371, 378, 381, UWC-136, 362 384, 391 Synchronization channel, 382 Viterbi algorithm, 121 Synchronous transmission, 315 Viterbi equalizer, 347 Synchronous transmission of CDMA, 307 Walsh Systematic code, 94 functions, 13 modulation, 37, 382 TD-CDMA, 361, 375 Walsh–Hadamard TD-SCDMA, 361, 375 codes, 96, 388 TDD, 301, 361 Walsh–Hadamard codes, 381 TDD mode, 375 Walsh–Hadamard matrices, 13 408 INDEX Walsh–Hadamard Wiener estimator, 183 codes, 101 Wiener filtering, 186 WCDMA, 361 Wiener–Hopf equation, 185 White Gaussian noise, 25 Wireless LAN, 352 Whitening matched filter, 308 WLAN, 208, 209, 213 Wideband CDMA, 342, 361, 362 WSS processes, 57 Wideband multicarrier channel, 199 WSSUS model, 63, 186