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Mengenal Keanekaragaman Udang Pistol (Alpheus Spp.) Dan Kehidupannya Di Ekosistem Pesisir Perairan Indonesia

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Mengenal Keanekaragaman Udang Pistol (Alpheus Spp.) Dan Kehidupannya Di Ekosistem Pesisir Perairan Indonesia Mengenal keanekaragaman udang pistol (Alpheus spp.) dan kehidupannya di ekosistem pesisir perairan Indonesia Rianta Pratiwi, peneliti Crustacea, Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi-LIPI PENDAHULUAN 1 Apa itu udang Alpheus spp.??? Cara mengkoleksi, packing dan handling 2 sampel 3 Sistematika, klasifikasi dan ciri identifikasi 4 Jenis-jenis yang terdapat di Indonesia PENDAHULUAN 5 Suara dan semburan air 6 Kehidupannya di perairan 7 Simbiosis mutualisme 8 Penutup Section Break Insert the title of your subtitle Here https://id.pinterest.com/mitchellmlopez/pistol-shrimp/ Apa itu udang Alpheus spp.??? SEKILAS TENTANG UDANG Alpheus spp. Udang Alpheus spp. Merupakan marga dikenal dengan nama terbesar dan udang pistol, udang Content Content terbanyak di dalam pletok atau snapping 01 02 family (suku) shrimps Alpheidae Di dunia dan Di dunia ditemukan Content Indonesia ditemukan Content kurang lebih dari 1119 di perairan dangkal species (jenis), 06 03 terbagi dalam 50 Dapat menimbulkan genus (marga) dan bunyi yang sangat tersebar luas Content Content keras, disaat kondisi Sedangkan di kurang aman atau di 05 04 saat predator perairan Indonesia menyerang ditemukan lebih dari 150 species HABITAT Daerah Daerah pasang Daerah hutan Hidup sebagai terumbu surut (intertidal) bakau simbion di beberapa karang (mangrove) hewan invertebrate (anemone, Di bawah Ditemukan di dalam lubang- Hidup di dalam Echinodermata, spons batu karang lubang-lubang anelida dan ikan) yang hidup lubang bersubstrat pasir bersubstrat ataupun mati lumpur . MORFOLOGI Bertubuh kecil, berukuran Capit berbentuk asimetris, panjang sekitar 3-10 cm. biasanya di sebelah kanan 01 Tidak memiliki nilai ekonomis, atau kiri. Capit besar (major karena tidak bisa dimakan. 02 chela) bervariasi bentuknya Memiliki rostrum pendek dan tergantung dari masing- runcing serta permukaan masing jenis. Capit gerak karapas yang halus (movable finger) dilengkapi dengan gigi-gigi molar Capit kecil (minor chela), berbentuk sederhana, Abdomen (bagian perut) kadang-kadang ditandai ditandai dengan pleura di 03 dengan adanya dimorfisme 04 segmen kedua yang kelamin, dimana capit menutupi segmen satu dan geraknya (movable finger) tiga. Pleura pada jantan yang ditumbuhi oleh bulu- berbentuk lancip bagian bulu halus (setae). ujung posterior dan betina lebih lebar dan membulat Figure 1. Morphology of snapping shrimp of the genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798: (A) entire body, lateral view; (B) head and cephalic appendages, lateral view; (C) same, dorsal view. (B) basis, (Ca) carpus, (Cx) coxa, (Da) dactylus, (En) endopod, (Ex) exopod, ischium, (M) merus, (Pr) propodus. In (B) and (C) the numbers 1 – 3 indicate the segments of the antennular peduncle. (A) Redrawn from Kim and Abele (1988). BEDA JANTAN & BETINA Alpheus paralcyone Coutiere, 1905 Fig. A. Male, 3.5 mm in carapace length. Alpheus paracrinitus Miers, 1881 Fig. B. Ovigerous female, 4.8 mm in carapace length. Miya, 1974 CARA MENGKOLEKSI UDANG PISTOL DI SUBSTRAT BERLUMPUR DAN BERPASIR 01 02 03 Gambar Yabby Pump Gambar mencari udang Gambar udang-udang yang Alat Yabby pump (pompa Yabby) Pompa Yabby dimasukan tertangkap biasanya digunakan untuk ke dalam lubang di daerah mengambil udang-udang kecil di Pompa Yabby dapat digunakan substrat lumpur atau berpasir pantai yang bersubstrat juga untuk mencari udang pistol sebagai umpan memancing. lumpur. Lalu pompa ditarik, dan udang lainnya yang berukuran Ukuran standart: panjang pipa 30 sehingga udang akan kecil cm, lubang 50 mm, panjang tersedot masuk ke dalam keseluruhan 75 cm pompa https://images.app.goo.gl/VHqYHV7qeY4cvGZm7 CARA MENGKOLEKSI UDANG PISTOL DI KARANG BATU 02 03 01 Gambar karang batu Pecahkan karang batu dan Gambar mencari karang batu bercabang koleksi udang di pantai/base Dengan cara Biasanya udang pistol akan camp menyelam/snorkeling bersembunyi/tinggal menetap di kedalaman 3-5 m, mencari celah-celah karang batu yang Setelah ditemukan karang batu karang batu yang bercabang. Ambil koloninya yang berisi udang pistol bercabang rapat dan kokoh dengan memahatnya dan bawa ke didalamnya, pecahkan dan (jenis Acropora spp. dan atas kapal simpan dalam container (baskom, botol dll) Pocillopora spp.) https://my.lovepik.com/images/1016575.html CARA MENGKOLEKSI UDANG PISTOL DARI LAPANGAN DAN DI LABORATORIUM A. Di lapangan: 1. Sampel dari lapangan dibawa ke home base/base camp bila penelitian masih belum selesai 2. Keluarkan sampel (masih hidup) dari container, cuci bersih dengan air tawar yang mengalir secara perlahan, bersihkan dari kotoran yang melekat dam masukan dalam botol bersih yang sudah diberi air laut. Sebaiknya dalam 1 botol hanya berisi 1 individu, usahakan jangan ada anggota tubuh yang putus/hilang (kaki, capit dll, Karena akan sulit untuk diidentifkasi 3. Masukan dalam lemari es (sekitar 1 atau 3 jam), bila tidak ada lemari es bisa gunakan es batu atau dry es (agar pingsan atau mati tetapi tubuh masih dalam keadaan segar /tidak busuk) 4. Setelah specimen udang tsb mati, lakukan pemotretan/dokumentasi (dengan berbagai pose untuk semua organ tubuh yang biasa digunakan sebagai karakter identifikasi agar masih memiliki warna aslinya sebelum dilakukan preservasi). 5. Lakukan preservasi dengan bahan pengawet alkohol 70 % dan beri label sementara CARA MENGKOLEKSI UDANG PISTOL DARI LAPANGAN DAN DI LABORATORIUM B. Packing dan handling sampel: 1. Sampel yang sudah berisi bahan alkohol (dalam botol kecil, botol disesuaikan dengan ukuran sampel), tutup bagian mulut botolnya dengan lakband hingga rapat, dipastikan alkohol tidak keluar/tumpah dan menguap 2. Kemudian botol2 sampel tsb dimasukan dalam kotak plastik yang berukuran lebih besar, sehingga muat lebih dari 10 atau 20 botol2 didalamnya, lakband dan masukan gabung dengan kotak specimen lainnya ke dalam kontaniner plastik yang besar untuk dibawa ke laboratorium 3. Tuliskan “ FRAGILE” di atas kontainer plastik, agar kontainer aman dan tidak rusak atau pecah 4. Cara lain, jika dirasakan dengan botol akan memakan tempat penyimpanan, maka specimen dapat dibungkus dengan “Tissue towel” yang telah dibasahi dengan alkohol, kemudian masukan dalam plastik obat (plastic klip) dan bungkus lagi dengan buble plastic (sehingga alkohol tidak menguap), lakband yang rapat 5. Masukan bungkusan2 sampel dalam kotak plastik (Bisa dengan tuper ware, atau lock n lock dll) susun rapih dan lakband kembali keliling kotak plastik tsb 6. Bawa ke laboratorium CARA MENGKOLEKSI UDANG PISTOL DARI LAPANGAN DAN DI LABORATORIUM C. Di laboratorium 1. Buka kontanier dan bungkusan sampel secara perlahan-lahan 2. Pastikan semua sampel dalam keadaan baik 3. Tambahkan bahan pengawet bila ada yang kurang dan ganti botol bila ada yang pecah 4. Identifikasi 5. Labelling 6. Registrasi 7. Simpan dalam “ Ruang Koleksi Rujukan (Reference collection) SISTEMATIKA, KLASIFIKASI & IDENTIFIKASI Secara sistematika menurut Banner Kingdom : Animalia & Banner (1982) dan Miya (1974), Phylum : Arthropoda udang Alpheus spp. terbagi atas 7 Subphylum : Crustacea group (kelompok): A Class : Malacostraca 1. Megacheles Subclass : Eumalacostraca 2. Macrochirus Superorder : Eucarida 3. Obesomanus ) Order : Decapoda 4. Crinitus B Suborder : Pleocymata 5. Diadema Infraorder : Caridea 6. Brevirostris C Superfamily : Alpheoidea 7. Edwardsii Family : Alpheidae Genus : Alpheus Pembagian tersebut berdasarkan Species : Alpheus spp. atas ciri-ciri dari masing2 organ D tubuh, bentuk capit besar (major chela), bagian depan rostrum, dactylus dan merus dari kaki periopod ke 3 Klasifikasi berdasarkan WoRMS PORTAL CIRI- CIRI IDENTIFIKASI A. obesomanus Dana, 1852: Fig. A. Male 4.7 mm in carapace length. Fig. B. Anterior region, dorsal view. Fig. C. Large chela, outer surface. Fig. D. Small chela, outer surface. Fig. E. Tail fan, dorsal view. Fig. F. Second pair of pereiopods. Banner and Banner 1982 MACAM- MACAM BENTUK BALAENICEP PADA CAPIT KECIL Gambar bentuk “Balaeniceps” pada capit kecil Alpheus paraechirus (jantan) Gambar bentuk “Balaeniceps” pada capit kecil Alpheus lobidens (jantan) Hanya pada capit kecil jantan, pada group Brevirostris & Edwarsii Gambar bentuk “Balaeniceps” pada capit kecil Gambar bentuk “Balaeniceps” pada capit kecil Alpheus chiragricus (jantan) Banner and Banner 1982 Alpheus polyxo (jantan) DESKRIPSI DARI BEBERAPA JENIS-JENIS YANG ADA DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA Alpheus lottini Guérin, 1829 Hidup di celah-celah karang batu jenis Acropora spp. dan Pocillopora spp. (karang bercabang lainnya) a, b. Anterior region, dorsal and lateral view; c. third maxilliped; d, e.large cheliped and enlarged distal region; f. small cheliped, lateral face; g. second leg; h, i. third leg and enlarged dactylus, http://alpheidae.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/86 inferior face; j. telson. DESKRIPSI DARI BEBERAPA JENIS-JENIS YANG ADA DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA Alpheus rapacida de Man, 1908 Hidup dalam lubang di substrat lumpur pada ekosistem mangrove a, b. Anterior region, lateral and dorsal view; c. third maxilliped, medial face; d, e. large chela and merus, https://singapore.biodiversity.online/species/A-Arth-Crus-Decapoda-00 medial face; f, g. small chela and merus medial face; 0081 h. second leg. DESKRIPSI DARI BEBERAPA JENIS-JENIS YANG ADA DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA Alpheus gracilis Heller, 1861 a, h. Anterior region, dorsal and lateral view; c.large chela, lateral face;d. Merus of large cheliped, medial face; e. small cheliped, medial face; f. second leg; g, h. third legand enlarged Hidup di daerah terumbu karang, dactylus; i. telson and uropods. j. kebanyakan di bawah batu karang Anterior region, dorsal view; k. dengan substrat pasir atau pecahan small cheliped,
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