Kapoeta Counties

Multi-sector Household Survey - Kapoeta Counties

The survey was conducted on December 2020 in three counties of greater Kapoeta (Kapoeta North Kapoeta South and Kapoeta East) with the purposely to;

- Get household information on major sectors of human development of

• Health and Wash, Livelihood, Education and protection

- To get household needs and have informed intervention strategies Methodology 12 payam were randomly selected 2 in Kapoeta East, 5 in Kapoeta South and 5 for Kapoeta North. 540 households were surveyed. Certain Payam of Kapoeta east and north were excluded from the random selection due to logistical reasons. The survey questionnaires focus mainly on: • Livelihood, Food security, Health-hygiene promotion, Education, Wash, Agriculture, Livestock, Market, Household asset, Migration, Association, Conflict and protection. • ECW1 (multi indicator pastoral education) survey Two-stage cluster sampling: • 1st stage - selection of villages (based on probability proportional to population size (PPS) and stratification). • 2nd stage - selection of households (based on “improved random-walk” method)

Meeting with local authorities and community leaders representing all 3 counties was conducted in order to get the population size of all the payam and bomas Geographic Location of greater Kapoeta Region • Greater Kapoeta comprises of 3 counties (Kapoeta north, Kapoeta South and Kapoeta East) • The communities are purely pastoral they mainly rear cattle, sheep/goat in hundreds. • The main settlement are in Riwoto, Narus and Kapoeta town. Main Findings • 10% of the population are severely hit by hunger while 60% are in moderate hunger. This is because household Food reserve get exhausted by July, August, September, October and worst in December. This attributed to low production due small cultivation (1 ha of private land). Consequently reduced accessibility to meal a day to 1 time for adult and 2 times for children especially in Kapoeta north. • Increasing challenge in water accessibility to over 41% of households, the existing boreholes are said to have broken down. The distance to boreholes is 30- 1 hour walk and the time spent to fetch water is 10-30 minutes. • Greater need to support education system in greater Kapoeta, the survey result shows that 94% of population are not educated and 83% cannot read or write. This means the trend is likely to continue unless major intervention is put in place in term of upgrade of schools (P.1 to P.8), strengthening SMC and PTA bodies, school feeding program etc. • Agriculture is the main source of survival to 62% of people in greater Kapoeta • Largely, women are more engaged in livelihood/income of the family than men. Almost all livelihood activities are done by women, except hunting, fishing or gathering of natural product and Livestock rearing/defence. • 53% of households in greater Kapoeta need support in education systems • 6% of children are likely not to be enrolled in school as a coping strategy • 62% of households do not know where to refer GBV cases • 18% of households have a “poor” Food Consumption Score (FCS) while 25% have a “borderline” FCS. • The worst months of hunger are July, August, September and October. • Mortality rate in children under five stand at more than 3% leading in Kapoeta east and south. • The survey confirms 42% of mothers have to walk more than 1 hour for pre and post natal care worst in Kapoeta East • Knowledge on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) is very low in greater Kapoeta. • Only 17% of mothers practice exclusive breastfeeding (0-5.9 months) • 53% of mothers don’t initiate early breastfeeding • Infant and young children are introduced to solid, semi-solid or soft food below 6 months. The report shows only 27% introduce after 6- 8.9 months • 41% of households agree that boreholes are not functioning/broken down and most water points don’t have water committee • In greater Kapoeta, 88% households do not have toilet, they use bush for defecation with no particular rules, the greater percentage is in Kapoeta North. • 87% of households reported GBV threat directed to women/girls in greater Kapoeta • The reason children 10-15 years are not attending school is early pregnancy/ marriage, • 79% of the households cultivate less than 1 Ha of private land • The mostly grown crops in private and common land includes - Sorghum long variety most preferred, maize, simsim and sorghum short variety • 85% of farmers practice traditional system of farming, they never received any training in crop or vegetable production. • 67% have no access to credit not even local saving groups/association • The main problems related to livestock farming in greater Kapoeta is pest and diseases as well as lack of veterinary services • There is a lot of gap in technical and vocational education and training in greater Kapoeta, little has been done in the area of Adult education, income generation/entrepreneurship trainings. • 21% cases of sexual assault and rape is recorded among the problems facing households in Kapoeta north out of 18% total cases in greater Kapoeta. Livelihood Main source of living • 62% of households in greater Kapoeta, their main source of survival is agriculture being more practised by 70% of households in Kapoeta north • The major crop grown are; sorghum and maize

sources of living Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY Production of basic/staple crops (sorghum, maize, 70% 53% 68% 62% etc) Sale of firewood or charcoal 13% 10% 6% 10% Sale of alcoholic beverages 2% 13% 11% 9% Livestock and Sale of livestock 7% 12% 5% 8% Other 3% 3% 2% 3% Sale of animal products (milk etc) 5% 0% 2% 2% Skilled or salaried labour 0% 4% 0% 1% Other petty trading/small business (tea seller, 0% 3% 1% 1% kiosk, sales of handicraft etc) Production of cash crops or other products 0% 0% 3% 1% (vegetables, groundnuts, etc) Livelihood • However, 90% of total production is for self consumption • 6% of the gains is exchanged with other products and 5% is sold to get cash.

• Interestingly, because of production in small scale, 62% of the cash is used to buy food and other basic items. Whereas Kapoeta North, 100% is used to buy food. • 33% is spent on other things for the family member

Kapoe Kapo Kapoet COUNT Use of cash (% of HHs) ta eta a North Y South East To buy food and other basic items (for 100% 45% 60% 62% instance soap) To buy basic things as well other things for family members (grinding0% of45% grains,40% school33% fees) To buy things for the family as well as instruments for 0%your livelihood9% activity0% 5% Livelihood • Livelihood level in greater Kapoeta worsen in 2020 compared to previous years. The causes point to loss of crop/harvest 40%, Kapoeta north is more affected 53%. • 30% is due to inflation/low prices and high prices in the market • 16% loss of livestock • 5% due to drought

Changes in livelihood level over last Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY year and causes of worsening North South East

Yes, it has IMPROVED 17% 7% 2% 9% it stayed THE SAME 38% 38% 41% 39% No, it has WORSENED 45% 55% 56% 52% Loss of crops/harvest 53% 35% 34% 40% Due to inflation/high prices 7% 37% 43% 30% Loss of livestock 26% 13% 9% 16% Drought 7% 5% 3% 5% Livelihood

Adult contribution to livelihood/income of the family • Largely, women are more engaged in livelihood/income of the family than men. Almost all livelihood activities are done by women, except hunting, fishing or gathering of natural product and Livestock rearing/defence. Men contribution women contribution Main Occupation for Adults

Livelihood activities % Livelihood activities % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Caring family members/Family duties 80% Caring family members/Family duties 91% Cultivation individually 32% Cultivation individually 68% Caring family members/Family duties Hunting, Fishing or Gathering of natural products 35% Hunting, Fishing or Gathering vegetables/fruits/other Cultivation individually 23% natural products Livestock rearing or defense 65% Hunting, Fishing or Gathering of… Livestock rearing and defense 4% Production of local alcohol 9% Livestock rearing or defense Production of local alcohol 54% Casual Labour (work for different people in Production of local alcohol 6% different days) Casual Labour (help different people in different days) 6% Casual Labour (work for different… Cultivation in group or in association with other 13% Cultivation in group or in association with other farmers 28% farmers Cultivation in group or in association… Producing or selling firewood/charcoal/bamboo 8% Producing or selling firewood/charcoal/bamboo 49% Producing or selling… Petty trading (tea seller, kiosk, sales of handicraft) or other Petty trading (tea seller, kiosk, sales of handicraft) 5% Petty trading (tea seller, kiosk, sales of… 5% small business (tailor, etc.) or small business (tailor) Gathering or selling of items for… Gathering or selling of items for construction Gathering or selling of items for construction (stone, poles, 6% 26% (stone, poles, etc) etc) House boy/House girl House boy/House girl 1% House boy/House girl 11% Other Other 1% Other 1% Adult Males Adult Females Livelihood

Adolescent contribution to livelihood/income of the family • 70% of adolescent contribute majorly in caring for family members/family adult • 39% contribute to cultivation (scaring birds) • 37% of boys greatly contribute to livestock rearing and defence. Livelihood activities % Cultivation 39% Caring family members/Family duties 70% Hunting, Fishing or Gathering vegetables/fruits/etc 35% Livestock rearing or defense 37% House boy/House girl 28% Production of local alcohol 23% Producing or selling firewood/charcoal/bamboo 29% Gathering or selling of stone/cutting grass/poles and16% wood Casual Labour (help different people in different days)4% Petty trading (tea seller, kiosk, sales of handicraft) or 6%other small business (tailor, etc.) They do not contribute 2% Other 1% • Children 6-11 years old contribute heavily in caring for younger children in the family

Livelihood activities % Caring for younger children 81% Washing dishes/cleaning the house/washing clothes50% Getting water for the house 50% Cooking or preparing ingredients (grinding ingredients)39% They do not contribute 9% Caring for elderly/sick 34% Control the fields against birds 35% Other activities 2% Digging and cultivating 17% Hunting 16% • The survey result shows that 52% of these activities takes most of the of the day while 24% takes entire day for children 6-11 years. Activity's time Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY Less than two hours 4% 1% 1% 2% Less than half a day 22% 28% 13% 22% Most of the day 51% 52% 52% 52% The entire day 22% 19% 33% 24% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% Problem resilience • The household has slow copy strategy to crisis, only 32% households adapted coping strategy and poor stress strategy throughout the counties. • 54% reported no need to adapt coping strategy. Household problems in past 3 months Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs by problem over the last 3 months Kapoeta East COUNTY North South Human sickness 60% 57% 64% 60% • The problems were ranked Food too expensive/high food prices 69% 68% 63% 67% according to household Floods 10% 11% 10% 11% concerned Livestock diseases 67% 45% 59% 56% Weeds/pest 45% 26% 36% 35% - 67% of respondents raised Insecurity/violence 18% 17% 16% 17% Death of Livestock 44% 28% 34% 35% concern of food too Other 0% 0% 1% 0% expensive/ high food Loss of income / employment 5% 10% 6% 7% prices Death of household member 7% 11% 14% 10% Delay of rains/ late start / dry spell 9% 13% 14% 12% - Human sickness Looting / theft/ loss of assets 1% 1% 3% 2% Returnees/IDPs living with household 0% 0% 0% 0% contribute to 60% of Social Event (Ceremonies, weddings, funerals) 2% 3% 3% 3% household problems Lack of free access/movement 12% 11% 18% 13% - Livestock sickness is 56% Cattle Raid 11% 17% 10% 13% thus 35% of livestock death • Kapoeta North leads in all the household problems raised, though all the three faces the same problems. Household coping strategies

Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs engaged in coping strategies Kapoeta East North South • Consumption of STRESS Went to friends to eat 6% 6% 6% STRESS Sold Household assets 6% 0% 3% seeds held for STRESS Borrowed money for food 14% 7% 5% STRESS Spent savings or sold more animals 15% 4% 4% cultivation posing CRISIS Sold productive assets 2% 0% 0% CRISIS Reduced essential non-food items 2% 2% 0% risk to lack of seed CRISIS Consumed seeds held for cultivation 20% 12% 13% fir cultivation in CRISIS Withdrew children from school 3% 4% 3% 2021 • Withdrawal of children from school hence reduction in enrolment rate

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs COUNTY • Sale of livestock as North South East selling livestock as coping strategy 16% 5% 4% 9% coping strategy already sold animals available 10% 10% 2% 8% Exhausted Coping strategies

• Kapoeta Kapoeta 6% of children are % of HHs already exahusted their livelihood coping stategies Kapoeta East COUNTY North South likely not to be STRESS ALREADY no friends to go to eat 8.63% 7% 2% 6% STRESS ALREADY no more household assets to sell 1% 2% 1% 2% enrolled in school STRESS ALREADY none from whom to borrowed money for food 4.32% 3% 3% 3% STRESS ALREADY no more savings or animals to sell 10% 7% 1% 7% • 5% have no more CRISIS ALREADY no productive assets to sell 4% 3% 0% 3% CRISIS ALREADY Already reduced essential non-food items 1.62% 3% 1% 2% seed to consume CRISIS ALREADY no seeds to consume 8.63% 4% 1% 5% CRISIS ALREADY no children enrolled in school 4.90% 7% 5% 6% Distance to social services • The distance between schools is at least 30 minutes to one hour walk. • 10 to 30 minutes walk to near by water source • 30 to one hour walk to closest health facility with qualified obstetrician • It takes 2-4 hours walk to closest market

Access to services Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY (Less than 30 minutes away by foot - one way) North South East School 33% 32% 61% 40% Health facility with 'qualified' obstetrician 27% 25% 21% 25% Water source 32% 43% 41% 39% Market 8% 17% 21% 15% Food Security • The overall food security situation in greater Kapoeta is in worrying state - 60% of total households reached are in moderate hunger while 10% are in severe hunger. - Access to meal per day is once for adult and 2 times a day for children

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta HHs by Food Access COUNTY North South East # of meals - Adults 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 number of meals – U5 Children 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 (not breastfeeding) HHS- Little to no hunger 29% 32% 30% 30% HHS- Moderate hunger 60% 59% 61% 60% HHS - Severe hunger 11% 9% 9% 10% •18% of households have a “poor” Food Consumption Score (FCS) while 25% have a “borderline” FCS. •Kapoeta North is the most food insecure communities followed by Kapoeta East 18% Kapoeta South 16%. •57% of the household consume varied and nutritious diet

% of HHs by Food Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY Consumption Score North South East acceptable 58% 58% 53% 57% borderline 22% 26% 29% 25% poor 21% 16% 18% 18% Mean of FCS 27.5 27.5 29.2 28.0 Standard Dev 22.7 23.7 23.0 23.2 • The post harvest months have adequate food, these are; January, February, march. • The worst months are July, August, September, October and December. • Kapoeta north is the county that suffers most during the months of inadequate/no food • Kapoeta South receive little production but moderately affected during the months of no food.

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs by type of cultivaiton COUNTY North South East January 67% 59% 70% 65%

February 64% 55% 66% 61% March 59% 57% 55% 57% April 27% 46% 44% 39%

May 20% 38% 29% 29% June 20% 29% 25% 24% July 13% 23% 18% 18% August 11% 20% 18% 16% September 13% 25% 26% 21% October 16% 26% 26% 22% November 22% 34% 35% 30% December 14% 15% 18% 15% HEALTH AND WASH • Mortality rate in children under five stand at more than 3% leading in Kapoeta east and south.

Kapoeta Kapoeta Mortality Kapoeta East COUNTY North South CDR (deaths/10,000 people/day) 0.9 2.1 2.4 1.8 CDR of children < 5 1.5 4.9 4.9 3.6 (deaths/10,000 people/day) % of sons and daughters who died 7% 6% 5% 6% per household lifetime Pre and Post Natal care (based on Kapoeta Kapoeta • Kapoeta East COUNTY 41% of deliveries assisted mothers of U3 years children) North South by qualified health % who visited any doctor before 71% 70% 60% 68% workers delivery % who was visited in a health 54% 50% 47% 50% • 59% of total delivery facility % who was visited in a health conducted outside health facility in the first trimester of 36% 41% 30% 37% facility pregnancy % assisted by qualified health 34% 48% 37% 41% - 30% assisted by family workers during delivery % visited in the days/weeks after member/friends 0% 0% 0% 0% delivery - 14% self assisted > more than 1 hour to closest health clinic with qualified 37% 36% 58% 42% - 15% assisted by traditional obstetrician birth attendant Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY - The survey confirms 42% Assisted during the DELIVERY North South East of mothers have to walk Family members/friends 33% 31% 26% 30% more than 1 hour for pre Health professional in the Hospital/health center/unit 34% 48% 37% 41% and post natal care worst Nobody 11% 12% 21% 14% in Kapoeta East Traditional birth attendant 21% 10% 16% 15% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% • The reasons why antenatal care was sought only after the first trimester of pregnancy are; - 33% of mothers not aware of pregnancy - 40% said no doctor around - 28% have other reasons IYCF • Knowledge on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) is very low in

greater Kapoeta. Infant and Young Child Feeding Incidence Early initiation of breastfeeding (0-23.9 months) 35% • Only 17% of mothers practice Early initiation of breastfeeding (0-23.9 months) exclusive breastfeeding (0-5.9 among women who delivered in health centers 28% Exclusive breastfeeding (0-5.9 months) 17% months) Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods (6-8.9 months) 27% • 53% of mothers don’t initiate early Continued complimentary breastfeeding between breastfeeding 12-15 months 63% • Infant and young children are introduced to solid, semi-solid or soft food below 6 months. The report shows only 27% introduce after 6-8.9 months Vaccination • Kapoeta south is better of in term of children vaccination and in consistent with birth registration • Kapoeta north the number of children that completes vaccination keeps on reducing. • Kapoeta North case is different, birth registration is less to number of children who receives vaccination. This is because 73% of deliveries are assisted outside health facility/not registered (see data on assisted delivery).

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta Vaccinations (U3 babies) COUNTY North South East % with birth registration 51% 55% 47% 52% % with any vaccination 51% 56% 42% 51% % with BCG vaccination for 48% 58% 55% 54% tuberculosis % with tetanus vaccination 44% 56% 53% 51%

% vaccinated against measles 37% 48% 45% 44% % vaccinated against 29% 52% 43% 42% pneumonia Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta Morbidity (U3 years babies) COUNTY • Fever/Malaria is the North South East common causes of Illness in the last 2 weeks 31% 27% 23% 27% Diarrhoea 20% 5% 14% 13% sicknesses to 48% of Fever/Malaria 36% 55% 59% 48% Other 7% 2% 0% 3% households % who sought medical advice 94% 81% 70% 83% • 42% seeks care from % who visited PHC 52% 58% 57% 55% community health where/whom seek care Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY North South East worker Community health worker 48% 38% 36% 42% Primary Health Care Center 21% 23% 14% 20% Primary Heath Care Unit 31% 35% 43% 35% Traditional healer 0% 4% 7% 3% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% HYGIENE • The average number of jerrican of water consumed by household per day is 5 water consumption Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY North South East Average of How many jerrycans of water do you and the people in your house consume per day? 3 7 5 5 • 51% of the jerrican/containers has no tap

Use of container tap Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY North South East Almost none of the container has a tap 52% 47% 53% 51% Most of them 23% 26% 22% 24% Only few of them 10% 7% 14% 10% Some of them 11% 18% 11% 14% (blank) 4% 2% 0% 2% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% • 78% of water is consumed without treatment

Do you treament/ purifying of Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY DRINKING water North South East No 83% 73% 78% 78% Yes 16% 25% 21% 21% (blank) 1% 1% 1% 1% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% • The rate at which water is treated is very low 21% majorly through the use of chlorine 7%, boiling 5% and leaving under sun 6%.

means of drinking water treatment Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY North South East Boiling 5% 5% 5% 5% Chlorine 3% 10% 9% 7% Filtration / Strain it throgh a cloth 2% 2% 3% 2% Water filter (ceramic/sand/etc.) 0% 1% 0% 0% (blank) 84% 75% 79% 79% Leave under the sun 6% 7% 5% 6% Other means 1% 0% 0% 0% • The use of surface water (river) is very common both in dry and wet season in Kapoeta East, Kapoeta South and Kapoeta north. • However, the use of boreholes as source of water is mostly by households within the towns and very high during dry season. • whereas during wet season the use of boreholes water reduces and increases households use of open water sources like Dug well, river, rain water, ponds, and others.

Source during DRY SEASON Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY Source during WET SEASON Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY North South East North South East Piped water 1% 1% 3% 2% Piped water 2% 4% 2% 3% Borehole 83% 71% 64% 73% Borehole 69% 59% 57% 62% Dug Well 24% 23% 21% 22% Dug Well 17% 10% 11% 13% Spring 2% 2% 1% 2% Spring 2% 4% 5% 4% Rainwater collection 12% 12% 7% 11% Rainwater collection 26% 18% 16% 20% Surface water (river) 24% 33% 35% 30% Surface water (river) 39% 51% 46% 46% Surface water (pond) 7% 5% 9% 7% Surface water (pond) 7% 7% 10% 8% Other 1% 0% 1% 1% Other 1% 0% 0% 0% • There are problems related to use (Kapoeta North), availability (Kapoeta North, East) and control (Kapoeta South) of water. • 68% of these problems related to water use are not addressed by anybody.

problem related to the existing water source Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY North South East No, there are no particular problem 57% 62% 66% 61% Yes, conflict related to water use 10% 6% 3% 7% Yes, other types of problems 2% 0% 1% 1% Yes, problems related to water availability 20% 14% 16% 17% Yes, somebody control access to water sources and prevent us from using it 7% 11% 8% 9% (blank) 4% 7% 5% 6% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100%

problems commonly addressed by someone Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY North South East No 51% 75% 84% 68% Yes 49% 25% 16% 32% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% • There are few water points close to households, 59% of households don’t have borehole close. • 41% of households agree that boreholes are not functioning/broken down • Most water points don’t have water committee • 30% of households said women are not involved in water committee though 45% know women involvement.

borehole closeness to hoseholds Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY water management committee or water user Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta North South East committee North South East COUNTY No 55% 62% 61% 59% No 50% 55% 55% 53% Yes 45% 38% 39% 41% Yes 50% 45% 45% 47% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100%

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta presence of women in the water associations North South East COUNTY Yes there are women in the water association 38% 53% 43% 45% No there are not women in the water association 37% 28% 23% 30% I do not know 26% 19% 34% 25% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% • The common roles of water committee is to; - Guide people on the hygiene - Regulate use of water at water point - Collect payment • 96% of households have trust on community water committee Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta trust on the Community Water Management Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta Roles of Water Management Committee North South East COUNTY Committee North South East COUNTY Collect payment 13% 8% 11% 11% No 3% 2% 8% 4% Guide people on hygiene 59% 59% 60% 59% Yes 97% 98% 92% 96% Regulate use of water at water point 26% 34% 27% 29% There is no CWMC 1% 0% 2% 1% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% • 0% of households surveyed received training on safe drinking water • Only 17% of households have knowledge on the use of toilets

Hygiene practices Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY North South East % who was trained on Hygiene and Cholera prevention 49% 52% 45% 49% % sweep their compound daily 48% 54% 56% 53% - among those who received Hygiene trainings 49% 60% 62% 57% % who uses soap 67% 73% 72% 71% - among those who received Hygiene trainings 72% 83% 83% 79% % of people who washes their hands regularly 91% 93% 89% 91% - among those who received Hygiene trainings 99% 96% 94% 97% % who wash their hands at least twice 90% 92% 86% 90% - among those who received Hygiene trainings 95% 96% 95% 96% % who use toilets 3% 16% 19% 12% - among those who received Hygiene trainings 5% 21% 26% 17% • In greater Kapoeta, 88% households do not have toilet, they use bush for defecation with no particular rules, the greater percentage is in Kapoeta North. types of toilet used Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY North South East Bush/None 97% 84% 81% 88% Public toilet 2% 5% 3% 4% Private needs some repair/risky state 0% 3% 6% 3% Private, but shared by more than one HH 1% 8% 9% 6% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% PROTECTION • Child protection and GBV is a major concern in greater Kapoeta. The most vulnerable group of people are - Children. Children from other families, orphans are more vulnerable. - Women/girls. Widows or women without financial support from any man. - Elder people who need assistance and cannot get - Disable persons who need assistance. • The most county with protection concern for children, elderly and disabled persons is Kapoeta East

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs by social vulnerability condition COUNTY North South East Child(ren) from other families, without mother or father 57% 59% 65% 60%

Elderly who need assistance and/or cannot work 22% 19% 24% 22% Disable* person(s) who need assistance 10% 11% 13% 11% Widow or woman without the financial support of any 9% 13% 5% 10% male • These social vulnerability Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs with family members with mental condition COUNTY conditions leads to children North South East withdrawal or consistently With several children withdrawn or consistently sad 23% 22% 19% 22% sad and felt troubled that Felt so troubled that sought help more than once in the 15% 22% 20% 19% sought for help. last year • Increase abuses of children 6-17 years majorly % of HHs who repor abuse on children 6 to 17 years over Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta - Repeated physical abuses COUNTY the last year North South East mostly in Kapoeta East Using abusive words/language 23% 18% 18% 20% - Sexual abuse (rape, Repeated physical abuse 32% 41% 44% 39% Stigmatized/discriminated due to gender, illness or defilement, and forceful 7% 11% 10% 9% disability sex) more cases in Kapoeta Sexually abused, defiled, raped, forced into sex 26% 29% 26% 27% South Family separation (run away, chased)/neglected 10% 12% 12% 11% - Use of abusive words/ Withheld a meal to punish 19% 16% 17% 17% Child involved in drugs, drinking alcohol, or otherwise 4% 8% 7% 6% language more in Kapoeta Involved in child labor with a component of exchange of 5% 7% 8% 6% north money - Withheld a meal to punish • Greater percentage of these % of HHs by referral paths in case of child abuse or Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta abuses are not report/ COUNTY referred to community violence North South East leaders or police, seek Do nothing, talk to neighbors or the offender 88% 85% 95% 89% medical or counselling attention. Report it to community leaders 8% 8% 5% 7% Report it to police 4% 7% 1% 4%

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs with vulnerable children COUNTY The category of children in North South East vulnerability bracket includes; There are no voulnerable children 45% 39% 49% 44% - Children far from their Orphans 23% 29% 21% 25% parents Children far from their parents 26% 32% 31% 30% - Orphans Children forcibly separated from their family members 7% 7% 7% 7% - Child head of households Children head of household 7% 14% 5% 9% Children victims of sexual or other severe abuses 0% 5% 9% 4% - Children forcefully separated Children formerly involved in criminal/war activities 1% 5% 2% 3% from their family member Special children 4% 3% 1% 3% - Children victims of sexual or Working Children 3% 0% 1% 1% other forms of abuses Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta Reasons for child vulnerability COUNTY • The most common form North South East of children vulnerability Death of parents 42% 51% 53% 48% Conflicts 14% 16% 11% 14% according to their ranks Divorce 10% 14% 11% 12% are; Need to move of location 16% 17% 18% 17% Kidnapping 1% 0% 2% 1% - Death of parents Ignorance 30% 29% 32% 30% common in Kapoeta East Customs 6% 2% 2% 3% and South - Ignorance/neglect - Movement to new location - Conflict - Divorce • 87% of households reported GBV threat directed to women/girls in greater Kapoeta. • High on the agenda are; - Forced marriages - Rape - Physical assault/ beating - Sexual assault - Emotion abuse Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs reporting threats to women (and types) COUNTY North South East Presence of specific threats to women and girls 88% 86% 87% 87% Domestic violence 23% 18% 22% 21% Physical assault / beating 50% 55% 56% 54% Forced marriage 83% 76% 80% 80% Rape 63% 59% 55% 59% Denied resources /opportunities / services 14% 18% 24% 18% Sexual exploitation 20% 20% 22% 20% Sexual assault 44% 49% 39% 44% Psychological / emotional abuse 17% 24% 27% 23% - She burn the food Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs by problem over the last 3 months COUNTY North South East If he is too drunk 68% 75% 76% 73% if she does not respect him 31% 37% 35% 35% if she argues with him 50% 65% 58% 58% If she neglects the children 56% 71% 60% 63% If she goes out without telling him 38% 47% 41% 42% If she refused to have sex with him 32% 34% 30% 32% if she burns the food 56% 52% 57% 55% In no cases is the husband justified in hitting or beating 4% 15% 11% 10% his wife • Household knowledge on referral mechanism for GBV is limited. 62% of respondents do not know where to refer GBV cases Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs Kapoeta East COUNTY North South

Aware of referral mechanism for GBV 32% 41% 37% 37% EDUCATION • The level of education of the household surveyed is despicably, 94% of the respondents did not receive education of any level • 2% reach some years of higher primary school (P5 to P7) • This is one of the indicator of low level of education currently in greater Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta with alarming situation in % of HHs read Arabic or english Kapoeta East COUNTY Kapoeta north. North South Can read Arabic of Enlgish 11% 18% 22% 17% • 83% of household members doesn’t know how to read Cannot read Arabic or English 88% 81% 77% 83% English or Arabic Primary Education supply (distance from closest school, grades Kapoeta Kapoeta offered, school rehabilitation, closest school not functioning and Kapoeta East COUNTY North South reason)

% of HHs with a school at less than 30-minute walk 33% 32% 61% 40%

Only P1 to P3 11% 8% 13% 11% Up to P4 6% 10% 14% 10% Up to P5 19% 11% 6% 11% Up to P6 4% 5% 5% 5% Up to P7 7% 3% 1% 4% Up to P8 54% 58% 56% 56% P8 and some secondary 0% 5% 5% 4% with nursery 62% 52% 43% 51%

Primary Education supply II (school rehabilitation, closest school not Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta East COUNTY functioning and reason) North South

Improvement works made recently in the school 10% 10% 12% 11% Closer school not operating 25% 29% 17% 25%

reason not operating - no teachers 70% 62% 63% 65%

reasons not operating - school damaged 25% 36% 21% 29%

reason not operating - other reasons 5% 2% 17% 6% • Out of 28% of children (4to Kapoeta Kapoeta Primary Education "demand" Kapoeta East COUNTY 9years) enrolled in school, North South 19% of them attend regularly. Children (4 to 9 years) school enrollment 18% 30% 36% 28% - of which attending regularly 10% 21% 26% 19% • 37% of adolescents 10 to 15 Adolescents (10 to 15years) school enrollment 16% 33% 37% 29% years enrolled in school, 21% attend to school regularly. - of which attending regularly 11% 22% 30% 21% • The survey further shows, the children 4-9 years and 10-15 years who attend school regularly is very high in Kapoeta East (71 to 81%) respectively. • Kapoeta North register low attendance, missing school term and whole year is common. • the existent of PTA is not well known by the households. 68% of households don’t know whether PTA bodies are in schools. • 10% of households confirmed the existence of PTA in schools while 23 % said no PTA bodies in schools.

Kapoeta Kapoeta School with PTA Kapoeta East COUNTY North South Do not know 67% 71% 64% 68% No 26% 20% 22% 23% Yes 7% 9% 14% 10% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% • The common reasons that affect both children 4 to 9 and 10-15 years are; - School is too far - No food in the school - He/she is in the age when to help family at home - Not enough to pay for materials, fees and uniform - The school conditions are too bad - There are not enough teachers • The reason children 10-15 years are not attending school is early pregnancy/ marriage, • Whereas children 4-9 years refusal to go to school AGRICULTURE

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs COUNTY • Agriculture is a common North South East livelihood activity Cultivating land 90% 79% 81% 83% practiced in all the three Average # of plots of land owned 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 counties Cultivating all plots owned 85% 86% 94% 87% • The average number of Given some plots to others to use 2% 0% 0% 1% plots of land owned by a Not using some plots of land 13% 14% 6% 12% reason for not using some plots of land: not enough human household is 2 acres less 55% 17% 67% 38% than 30 minutes away power Living more than 30 minutes away from the family cultivated 12% 13% 3% 10% from the family fields

3.3 2.7 2.4 2.8 • 87% of the household Number of people contributing to cultivation cultivating all plots main reason for not using the plot(s) of land Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY owned of less than 2 North South East acres No seeds 55% 17% 67% 38% Other reasons 18% 42% 0% 27% • 38% are not cultivating Not enough people / human power / no time 27% 25% 0% 23% some plots because of Too far from home 0% 8% 33% 8% lack of seed No tools to open the land (ox-plough) 0% 8% 0% 4% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% 79% of the households cultivate less than 1 Ha of private land • 49% cultivate more than 2 Ha of private land • This explains why greater Kapoeta is food insecure because people grow less for their households Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HH COUNTY North South East Cultivating less than 1 Ha. of PRIVATE land 81% 79% 78% 79% Cultivating between 1 and 2 Ha. of PRIVATE land 14% 14% 14% 14% Cultivating more than 2 Ha. of PRIVATE land 42% 53% 53% 49% Cultivating both PRIVATE and COMMON land 45% 42% 43% 43% Cultivating also COMMON LAND of 5 OR MORE FEDDANS 5% 4% 6% 5%

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HH COUNTY North South East Less than 1ha of private land without common land 48% 49% 47% 48% Less than 1ha of private land plus common land 33% 30% 31% 31% More than 1ha private land without common land 8% 10% 10% 9% More than 1ha private land with common land 12% 11% 13% 12% • Household cultivation in private land has no much variation in term of the size, 66% cultivate less than 1 ha of private land without common land yearly. % of HHs Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY Cultivating LARGER size of land 29% 25% 22% 26% Cultivating the SAME size of land 54% 57% 63% 58% Cultivating SMALLER size of land 16% 18% 15% 17% • The mostly grown crops in private and common land includes - Sorghum long variety most preferred, maize, simsim and sorghum short variety Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta • Due to small size month crop reserve begin to FINISH y North South East COUNTY cultivation, food reserves January 30.51% 27.23% 29.29% 28.94% start to get finished as early March 12.99% 18.32% 19.29% 16.73% as January, February and in February 14.12% 11.52% 15.00% 13.39% March Aprli 6.78% 10.99% 7.86% 8.66% June 9.60% 9.42% 5.71% 8.46% • By December 73% of May 3.39% 7.33% 9.29% 6.50% households have no food July 6.21% 4.19% 5.00% 5.12% August 5.65% 3.66% 5.71% 4.92% reserve December 5.65% 4.19% 2.86% 4.33% • the major farming practices November 2.26% 1.57% 0.00% 1.38% Septempber 1.13% 1.05% 0.00% 0.79% in greater Kapoeta is October 1.69% 0.52% 0.00% 0.79% intercropping, mono COUNTY 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% cropping and crop rotation. Davailability of food reserves (bags Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta COUNTY • Most used cultivation of cereals or other stocks of food North South East practices are bush you intend to use before the next clearance before the harvest beginning of the season, No 71.28% 77.93% 68.92% 73.30% bush burning for clearance Yes 25.53% 18.92% 30.41% 24.19% of land (blank) 3.19% 3.15% 0.68% 2.51% • Mulching is the common COUNTY 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Conservation practice and cover cropping Disregard/unawareness of basic agronomic practices Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY

Not familiar with any specific planting practice 4% 7% 3% 5%

Not familiar with any specific farming practice 2% 0% 0% 1%

Not familiar with soil & water conservation practice 14% 12% 9% 12%

Familiar with agricultural practices in each of the 3 domains 86% 88% 90% 88%

Burning of bushes for clearing the land 70% 65% 66% 67%

% of HHs by PLANTING PRACTICES Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY Intercopping 55% 41% 39% 45% Crop Rotation 17% 20% 20% 19% Monocropping 69% 53% 60% 60% Strip cropping 2% 2% 1% 2% Relay cropping 2% 5% 4% 4% None of the above 4% 7% 3% 5% Fallowing (Leaving part of the land to fallow some seasons) 1% 0% 1% 0% % of HHs by CONSERVATION PRACTICES Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY

Terracing 3% 1% 7% 3% Mulching 64% 52% 55% 57% Grassing water ways 9% 7% 9% 8% Cover Cropping 34% 31% 27% 31% Contour Planting 2% 4% 3% 3% None of the above 14% 12% 9% 12% Conservation tillage 4% 1% 5% 3% • The main source of Reliance on seeds distributed seed is from own stock/ (source of seeds cultivated) Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY from previous SEEDS - Own stocks 66% 64% 70% 66% cultivation SEEDS - Purchase 18% 26% 17% 21% SEEDS - Gifts 6% 5% 8% 6% • 85% of farmers practice SEEDS - NGOs 23% 16% 22% 20% traditional system of farming, they never received any training in Knowledge on seed variety and productivity Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY crop or vegetable Aware of seeds variety 35% 37% 37% 36% production. Farmers employing prime quality seeds 29% 36% 34% 33% • 36% are aware of seed variety • 33% of farmers are Typr of irrigation Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY employing quality seeds Only rain 86% 73% 76% 78%

• Rain water is the main small irrigation system working during rain season 1% 0% 1% 1% source of water for crops year-around irrigation 13% 27% 24% 21% • Access to agricultural inputs and tools is through buying from local shop in town and from community members. • Farmers don’t use advance tools but rely on local tools like hand hoe, panga, axe,rax

Source of basic agricultural inputs and access to advanced tools for farming Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY

Shop in town 69% 71% 69% 70% From community members 32% 38% 29% 33% Sellers who pass by 28% 38% 34% 33% No purchase of inputs or tools/ you produce them by yourself 15% 25% 26% 21% Making use of advanced tools 20% 10% 11% 14% • Farmers do not % of HHs employing labour beside family members Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY employ labour to No use of labor 44% 39% 44% 42% work in their gardens Community members, in exchange for food 39% 36% 32% 36% given the fact that Community members, on a reciprocity basis 21% 15% 18% 18% they cultivate in small Community members, in exchange for money 6% 9% 9% 8% Casual Labour (per day) 2% 3% 3% 3% plot of land. Other people 4% 0% 0% 2% • Mainly, in case, community members who work in exchange for food or in reciprocal basis and their main tasks are planting, harvesting and land ploughing and preparation • 51% of households do not have capital and have never borrowed money, the few ones survive through borrowing from friends or relatives for immediate needs (food, clothes), health (medical treatment). • 67% have no access to credit not even local saving groups/association

Access to credit Kapoeta North Kapoeta South Kapoeta East COUNTY No 63% 68% 69% 67% From family or friends 34% 27% 26% 29% From money lender 1% 0% 1% 0% Other 3% 5% 4% 4% LIVESTOCK

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs COUNTY • Cattle is the most reared North South East animal in greater Rearing animals 92% 66% 70% 76% Kapoeta, out of which Cattle 90.96% 63% 68% 73% Kapoeta north leads by Sheep/goats 87.2% 61% 67% 72% Ducks/Turkeys/Chickens 23% 14% 20% 19% 90% of the total cattle in Pigs 0% 0% 0% 0% the counties of which are vaccinated animal 51% 48% 41% 48% • The second is sheep/goat Kapoeta Reason for breeding cattle Kapoeta North Kapoeta East COUNTY which contributes to 72% South to the households For marriage 99% 95% 97% 97% • The reasons for rearing Household consumption 82% 96% 95% 90% Commercial purpose/for selling 56% 72% 63% 63% animals varies but greatly For saving purposes 47% 53% 60% 52% for marriage purpose Draught animals/working purposes 1% 1% 3% 2% (97%) and then for household’s consumption. Kapoeta % of HHs with livestock Kapoeta North Kapoeta East COUNTY South • 87% of animals are reared Rearing animals in group (kraal) 89% 86% 85% 87% in groups Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta • 9% of the % of HHs COUNTY North South East households depend selling livestock as coping strategy 16% 5% 4% 9% on the sale of already sold animals available 10% 10% 2% 8% livestock as a coping strategy. • 70% of households sell their livestock to buyers from local market who come to buy it in the area • The reason for selling of livestock to buyers who come to buy at local market is they get best prices • 60% of the household breeds their livestock within the village or between 30 minutes to 1 hour from the village and this is only applicable during raining season • The main problems related to livestock farming in greater Kapoeta is pest and diseases as well as lack of veterinary services • At least 93% of households reported any death of animals among which 51% reported death of cow/cattle and 45% are goat/sheep.

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs reporting animal death COUNTY North South East Any death of animal 91% 95% 92% 93% Cattle/Cows 55% 47% 48% 51% Sheep/Goats 39% 50% 49% 45% Ducks/Turkeys/Chickens 3% 3% 1% 2% Others 3% 0% 1% 1% COUNTY 100% 100% 100% 100% Many/very many deaths 43% 46% 46% 45% MARKET • Accessibility of market is much better in Kapoeta South compared to Kapoeta East and North where people access market 2 or more times per week. 30% of households access market once per month in Kapoeta East. • The average number of hours to reach market is 3 in the three counties while Kapoeta East is 7 hours.

Kapoeta Kapoeta ACCESS TO (CONSUMER) MARKETS Kapoeta East COUNTY North South

2 times or more per week 41% 55% 30% 44% Once every week 31% 28% 17% 26% Once every 2 weeks 11% 8% 7% 9% Once per moth 11% 3% 30% 13% Only few times per year 6% 6% 17% 9% hours to reach the market 2 2 7 3 • The problem related to access to the market is no transport and distance from home (markets are too far) • 66% of people have no money to spent in the market while 56% complains on spike in prices and confusion about prices • The mean of payment among community members is both money and barter/gift it is more common in Kapoeta south and East Main items purhcased (% ofHHs) by categories of Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta East COUNTY • The survey shows that expenses North South households spent most of Cereals (Sorghum, maize, rice, wheat, bread) 63% 60% 50% 58% their money on buying food Oil, fat and butter 34% 44% 36% 38% items cereals (sorghum, All other food items (salt, coffee, tea, etc.) 19% 25% 24% 23% Sugar, honey, sweets 12% 22% 15% 17% Meat, fish, eggs and poultry (beef, goat, pork, maize, rice wheat and 10% 19% 14% 14% bread) sheep, game) Vegetables (pumpkins, okra, green leaves etc) 14% 20% 17% 17%

• Monthly average expenses Pulses (Groundnuts, legumes, sesame, beans etc) 6% 12% 9% 9% on food stuff, none food Milk, yoghurt, cheese 5% 8% 7% 7% Soap 49% 50% 47% 49% item and services is higher in Clothing, shoes 30% 37% 36% 35% Kapoeta south Milling and grinding 12% 22% 19% 18% Tobacco and Alcohol 56% 51% 47% 52% • Soap and medical care Medical expenses, health care 29% 40% 35% 35% Education, (school fees/uniforms) 3% 9% 6% 6% expenses are some of the Household assets (knives, forks, plates) 14% 18% 9% 14% common expenditures in Agricultural tools, seeds, Hiring labor 28% 23% 18% 23% Greater Kapoeta. Celebrations, social events, funerals, weddings 1% 4% 1% 2% Alive animals (cattle, cow, goat/sheep) 10% 7% 7% 8% Construction, house repair, House Rent 1% 4% 8% 4% ASSET-ENERGY- TIMEUSED • 86% of the households live in own house but 63% of houses are unsafe/not stable HUMANITARIAN SUPPORT

Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta Humanitarian assistance over last year COUNTY • Humanitarian support over the North South East last year has been food Agricultural inputs i.e. seeds and or toold 33% 23% 26% 27% Other support 6% 5% 9% 6% distribution or food in exchange Health /medicines 10% 9% 7% 8% for work that account to 28% Nutrition (e.g. Blanket supplementary feeding, etc)27% 14% 15% 19% followed by agricultural inputs Food in the Schools 9% 2% 3% 5% Veterinary service 6% 9% 8% 8% like seeds and tools. Food distribution or food in exchange for work 26% 23% 37% 28% Non Food Items (kitchen sets, blankets, Khanga) 3% 2% 3% 3% • 22% of households received Cash and or cash in exchange for work 2% 2% 1% 2% training support from Advise from extension service 2% 6% 1% 4% humanitarian organization Fishing gear 0% 0% 0% 0% across all sectors. School fees /uniforms 1% 2% 1% 1% Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta % of HHs by type of support received COUNTY • the greatest support North South East Seeds 65% 76% 71% 70% households received is Tools 58% 65% 62% 61% distribution of seeds and tools Training 22% 21% 25% 22% for agriculture Money / loans 1% 0% 2% 1% Animals 1% 13% 8% 7% Other 19% 11% 10% 14% • There is a lot of gap in technical and vocational education and training in greater Kapoeta, little has been done in the area of Adult education, income generation/entrepren eurship trainings. MIGRATION AND IDP

Kapoeta Kapoeta % and # of HHs by migration status Kapoeta East COUNTY • Over the last 12 months, North South Natives residents (continuously 77% 66% 65% 69% greater Kapoeta has since birth) Returnees (natives forced to leave 11% 5% 5% 7% been little bit stable, 69% temporarily) of households remained IDP/Relocated 13% 29% 30% 24% Returnees/IDPs/relocated more 22% 31% 30% 28% native residents since than 12 months ago

Returned /relocated over the last birth. 2% 3% 5% 3% 12 months: IDP/Returnee HHs

• Kapoeta East has 1037 # of HHs IDP/Returnee* 69 137 173 92 IDP/returnees people # of IDP/Returnee people** 414 822 1,037 552 • The primary reason for relocation, 42% is related to family reasons • and 81% do not return more permanently is because of hunger ASSOCIATIONS, SOCIAL CAPITAL and LOCAL GOVERNANCE • 87% of households are not involved in any type of association • 6% of households are farmer groups supported by NGO • Community interaction with local leaders is mostly with Mukungu or Nyampara, 45% of households recorded Kapoeta Kapoeta Call of public meeting and issues discussed Kapoeta East COUNTY • North South Interaction with local % of HHs aware of public meeting in the 39% 24% 26% 29% last 3 months leaders are done Education 32% 44% 54% 41% during various Water 49% 58% 62% 55% Agriculture / farming inputs / Seeds 59% 33% 41% 46% occasion, but Security 8% 19% 11% 13% Cattle issues 51% 27% 32% 39% meetings is the most Employment 1% 12% 5% 6% Others 4% 4% 8% 5% common ones. 55% of Land issues 10% 8% 16% 11% these meetings are water related. • 83% of the meetings are called by local clan leaders NATURAL RESOURCES RELATED CONFLICTS and GENERAL SAFETY • The most and the common type of dispute is over use of water sources, where 73% of households reported. • Animal raiding contributes to 28% of disputes with high cases in Kapoeta North. • 39% of these disputes are solved by high level administrative government (member of county administration). • Nyampara, sub chief and boma chief contributes the same in disputes solving

% of HHs by type of leader who helps Kapoeta Kapoeta Kapoeta East COUNTY solving disputes North South High level administrative government (member of county 35% 44% 36% 39% administration) Nyampara 23% 26% 16% 22% Sub chief - Mukungu 18% 24% 25% 22% Boma chief 19% 26% 21% 22% Head Chief 4% 1% 2% 2% Ancestral Headman - Landlord 1% 0% 4% 1% Religious leader 1% 6% 5% 4% Others 0% 0% 0% 0% Teachers 0% 1% 0% 0% • It is reported that some of the disputes were resolved while 59% of these disputes are not solved at all • 21% cases of sexual assault and rape is recorded among the problems facing households in Kapoeta north out of 18% total cases in greater Kapoeta. RECOMMENDATIONS

• Improving agricultural outputs through training of farmers especially women who are more engaged in farming, use of modern inputs like tractor and ox-plough. • Increased humanitarian support in greater Kapoeta • Upgrading schools that offers less grader to P.8 • Training on the use and importance of using latrine and keeping drinking water safe • Taking services closer to the community outside urban areas to reduce on long distance to access services in towns • Training of mothers on Infant Young child Feeding • Creating awareness on GBV referral path ways !!!Thank you!!!

Bruno Nazim Baroni [email protected] More info on our MEAL work in South Sudan: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/south-sudan/assessments/organizations/avsi-foundation