ORIGINAL (Red) I1 ART I * Siirnmarv of Federal Activity ivjai'din;; the Lla'V'olljn

April 18, 197-1 - A report from the Ott&D Analytical Chemistry Branch, Athens, Georgia (Reference '!!) - results of samples taken from four lest wells near the the Llnngolbn landfill, The samples indicated a variety of organic contaminants with high concentrations of toluene and chloroform evident in the groundivater. April 20, 197-1 - Mr, Albert MonUguG, ORi:!.), informs H

November 0, 1977 - Mr. Alberl Montague, in further studying Hie landfill situation, informs the Regional Administrator about the existence of the Slate Hand Interceptor which runs through part of the landfill. This sewer line could possibly be used to transport leaehate from the landfill for treatment nt the Wilinington STPUefererice ffS). December 1, 1977 - El'A Hnzardous Materials Brunch contacted Kl'A Region X concerning funding of treatment facilities for landfill Isachato from the Construction Gruius Program. Two projects for sjch treatinent facilities were funded by Hugion X (Reference 1110). March 2- 1973 - A report of a meeting bcUveen fie Facilities Manage'neiil Brunch, Hu/.ardous Materials Ociuich and ihe Office of ilcsQ.ireh and Development to discuss t!ie possibility of funding treatment wor'xs for the control and disposal of leachale from n landfill, Concern was expressed about ihc eompntibility of conventional treatment of the highly concentrated lenchute und eligibility of any colUction or transmission facilities to serve the Uindfill (Reference (ill). Eligibility of 'Vnst:;,vat;r Treatment Facilities :it a Municipal for Const'.'uelion Grants

A. Brief Description The Llnn<;olbn sit? wns used as a disposal area for miinicipnl and industrial solid from 19UO to 1968. The landfill covers u 50 ucre tract whiuh is 4,400 feet long, 200-300 feet 'Vide and about 5-3ii feet deep. The geology of the area consists of medium to coarse lextwed sand layers, covering the uneonsolidated sands, sills and clays of the: Poto.nac Formation, nil overlaying a soawfird dipping bedrock surface. The Polo nnc aquifsr consiUs of an upper and lo'vci1 strata whi«li is 00-100 feet and 350 feel thie'-;, respectively. The aquifer has a natural shallo.v southerly groundivater grudiivu vit'i u portion of the landfill situutsi] in the upper Potornac oquifar, Trnnsmissivitio; of gi'Oiin.'Kvatsr vary from 70,00(1 <;pc!/ft. in the upper portion to less tlv-in 1,0'JU gpd/l't, in the lower portion , Heavy pninpinj; of the aquifer, initiall,.' 8-10 viCiD, has steepened the groundiViitsr gradient to Hit; south and accelerated Hit I'at.s of ground.vatcr inove-neiit, 0. Exisliii; The loaeliate prediction in the landfill is believed la bo responsible for conta.Tiiintion of the ifroiinclivat:':1 dra.vn from the Polo ruif aquifsr. Tlici Amoco and Artisian Well Conipfinies1 wa'.jr supplies have been sa;npbfl and Oelorrnincd to be conta.ninaUil -.vit'n hi^h uonsenlralions of iron nnd orjanie compounds unn«eepta'il'2 for luirnan sonstmpti'jn. Toluene and chloroform v.'ore identified in heavy concentration.-; as two of the highly toxic subslanucs found in the ground .vat2r, The landfill COV.T is primarily rcsponsiblo for allawinj; ;;reiitar tlian 50% of the precipitation that hits the surface of the landfill to infiltrate into the refuse material, The cover iiuitsrial is generally sandy and quite permeable and rainwater is allowed to coll'jcl and pond in depressions on the site, A portion of the landfill (western) is subTit'i'ged within the Potonv.u: uquifer and groundwator movo nc-nt is lateral directly through the refus'.1 matsci.nl. Here, infiltratinj-; "ainwaler uncl ground vater niovamcnt enliant'e the production and transmission of landfill Ij'.ichate. Due to the groiindwiitsr gradient and the cone of depressions created by pumpin-; liiu spread of leacluits-eont.rninatad gvo is evidenced in nn ai'ea :i or •] li.nc. the si/.e of the landfill, C, Possible Solutions (ftecf) Tlic most fctv.i'ile and cost-effective solution is liydrogcologic isolation nt an estimated cost of -1,5 million. This alternative involves rsgrading of llio landfill surface with the pl.uiirnent of an impermeable layer of cover material, diversion of ground ,vater mova-nent through the landfill by, pump out and discharge to Army Creek and recovery and eollaction of leachnte nt the landfill site. The leaelmte will require some type of treatment before discharge to surface waters. Recovery find removal of the refuse material was considered but the environ mental impact of another disposal site and the estimated cost of 15 million cllmiiifitas this alternative, of the refuse material creates a possible air pollution problem along with nn estimated cost of 23 million and a problem of disposing of the rssidne. Rocirculalion of tiie leaetmto was discussed but the possible pro'jle us of airborne odors, clogging of the soil by iron oxide precipitates, and the increasing volume of bnchute due to groundwater contribution give reason to eliminate this solution from furtlici1 consideration. Othor loss feasible nltsniatives considered were nnnelidic consumption (biological deeomposition by eartli.vorms), isolation of landfill sy chemical grouting the under surface, and attenuation (no action; find alternative water supply). Tim possibility of findin-; an alternative water supply is acceptable but tlie legal implication involved with the Artesian Well Company mckes it difficult to implement and alb.vs the pollution of groundwater to continue. D. Federal Participation New Cusllo County is seeking a source of Federal funding to eliminate pollution of ground.vriter by landfill leaclmto associated with Ilia Llangollan and Delaware San:! and Gravel Pit , They will be seeking funding of recovery, collection, pre-lraatmsnt (if requirsd) and transmission facilities to serve the landfill. The funding of any treatment works, under the Construction Grants Program, for the abatement and disposal of landfill leachate wastes will be subject to the eligibility determination supported by applicable sections from Public; Law 92-500, Title '10 Federal rtoguUtbns and ProtfMm Requirements Memorandums, B. Eligibility Determination A precedent had boon set by F.PA Region X for [rnmthg Federal funds for the study, design and construction of pumping and transmission facilities for two separate Undfilh in the Stole of Washington. The eligibility of the facilities was bussd o'i tMu uiifJ'.'i'slnnding tint; they provided control of a point source which conduct-; poll ition into sin? receiving walai'Sj they are an integral part of a municipal 'vaste tro.itinoiit system v/lioso pri.nary purpose is to treat domestic w.vit-isj Vv.: wasle.v.iters .;':!:ie:".i 1-3(1 are a direct result of the servics needs of the public1; .ifli;!1 pi'.L-i-o.itiac'iit, fie liquid strea.n is (jompatible .vith ti'eal.'ienl of d'j'nes'.i-.1 .v.isl js; ri'l Ihv wis'^is jr.jneiMlod differ from iiKli beiMiso they -i;1? ,i-)t .1 ;iro.l'.ict of a'proFil-Oi'i'pnted upov.ili'Jii ( ORIGIMI (Rtf) Although the above determination was made the landfill itself was considered nn industry mid thus the collection system, pre-trcatmcnt and solids disposal were ineligible for Federal participation. Tluisa decisions were principally prompted clue to Congressional and State efforts to mitigate the harmful effects of leaehate contKiiination of nearby surface waters. It appears that a national policy for funding landfill lenchats treatment facilities Was not developed by EPA, Wash- ington, D.C. and therefore EPA Region X awarded grants for construction prior to EPA Headquarters formiil.Uingan eligibility determination. In review of Public Law 92-500, Title II, "Grants for Construction of Treatment Works", Section ?.01(e) states that the Aclminisirator shall encourage management which integrates facilities for se.vage treatment with facilities to treat industrial wastes, including solid wastes. Additionally, the AdmiiiistMtor is nii'.ho'.'iy.gd under Section (g)(l) to inaks grants foi1 the construction of p'.:')!ic!;.' owned treatment works. By definition, n "treatment '.vorks" means any devices and systems usad in tile storage, treatment, and reclamation of municipal o:1 industrial wastas of a liquid nature to implement Section 201 of the Act. The facilities defined as eligible trcftliiiont works include intercepting sowars, out full sswers, sewage collection systems, pumping, pov/or and other equip nent, und thei- appurtenances. Considering the facilities which would bo required for landfill Icnehatc collscti,n a:id transmission, an expanded definition of treatment Vi'ovks Is needed. Aenoi-di'n; to .10 CPU 35.905-1;:, un interceptor sowar 'mil:;; have as its primary purpose the l;'nn-.;w"t of waslsivatsrs from eolk'Ctor sawers to 11 treatment facility. Collac'or ss.'iwt, pursuant to M CFK 35.905-10, are eligible for Federal participa'.ion if thf;1 arc primarily installed to receivs wastu.'.'nlGrs directly from facilities which convey waste.wler from mdividual slructures or from private property, \ny pumping fnuilitics or cquipmenl required would have to be designate.-'! as p.-irt of a uolbction or interceptor syste.n to assist in the operation of a treatmsiil works. With regard to Ihc above definition:;, the collection and transinission of sewage and do.nc'Mio ivastns are the primary purpose of construclioij treatment works using Federal grjut funds. This concopl is firmly established by the eligibility determination from 1'IIM 3GA wliieh states that wnsle-.vttlsi1 treatment facilities ill m'.ink'ip'illy owned water treatment works are not eligible since they do not have as their principal purpose the treatment of domestic wastes of the entire community or area. Also, in conversation with the EPA Washington, D.C. Construction Opurjlions Branch, 1 was informed th-il EPA Region 1 hat] requested nil eligibility d'.'termiivilion on a landfill leaehate disposal project and they issued a statement of non-eligibility based on the above decision and the fact the Construction OuaU FuiKh arc simply not available for every proposed project thtit will eontrol or uliinin.it:: a water polljtion condition (Unferciifo SI3),

ARIOU80 1 (. OKIGINAI (fieri)

It is .jiy understanding that any treatment facilities for the control and disposal of Innclfil buehate arc not eligible for funding under the Construction Grunts Program. Basad on the referaiiced 1'ederal Regulations and the position EPA Washington, D.C. has taken in regard to eligibility of such facilities, my recommendation is thtit any facilities for the uollsction, pre-treatment and transmission of le;ichat<: fro:n the Llnngollari landfill is ineligible for Federal participation,

Sloven A. Croco, Sanitary Engineer Delawarfi/Mnryland/U.C. Section Facilities Management Brunch

ARIOU8I UNITED*1 TES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION! 'NCY U (Red;

Eligibility Jeteraination ior Llangollen Landfill MAY a 1 137fl Steven A. Croce, Banitary Engineer He lawar a/Mary land ,/D.C. Suction Facilities Management Branch Jack J, Sclirarci Regional Administrator TIISU: Greene A. Jc::os, Director Water ^.vision

Wa havo recently concluded our investigation of the possibility of providing "onutructioR Cranes Program funds for facilities cc serve the UarnoMor. landfill in 'Kiw Can tin County, Delaware. Tiie landfill lencha:e co'.ica;n'.n.uuiri problem has threatened cne i'o tonne aquifer and re.it: ictiij pulping o[ grounclsMtur [or domestic usi. The NCIJ "r.stlf ro:ir.:y 208 Asoi'.cy 'MB inif.iircd about possible sources of Federal fundi:::; to iKirCici.pnce in any roioiiial or disposal activity fUiSocifltL'r with Uachr.tc pcillution control. To date, the only Federal funding na.it nvailnblo '/«s through l:'.v.- Snlitl '.Inate Dispoaal Act, which authorise!- (but did not appropriate) $6JO,0()0 tor the ntudy and raoni- of" t'M Llanjollcn landfill.

Early t':ii.K ys.ir, our office w.in inatructcid to research tha referenced landfill situation and to c.'.'.anine possible neanu of FBnar.'il funding under t'.iu Oor.structior. G:.".ntr. Proj'.ran. We disicovured ih.it 31' A Kegion IJ had funuBf. twu p-ojcctt that nerv.;c! nunicip.il landfill.! and hnaud their C:l ii;il)i.l :.ty determination on the control of a poii.l soured pollution probloa nni; chnt vagtus Crora the landfill were f,encraci?d through the corvi.cc needs of the public. In view of this deterainfit ion KPA Haad- (|uai-tcrs n.-iintnins that treatment works nro not eligibla it they do not have .'is thutr principal purpose ciie Crai'.flir.i.iaion ar.d treatment of tinniest ic wastes frc'n the entire crmuniry, "B defined in P'Ol 36A roferrinp, to vator troatnent wnatcsi VJe liav!! r.-'V'eucd t'.if Title M!) Federal ilogulntiona concernin.; eligible trcatn;int work 5 a:id service for the nonda of tha coiraaur.ity. According to ''.'I C"'; j.").'-.'t)3-ii i .".n interceptor sewer iiwst hava as it:; primary purpi'ri;- rv i.ran.~p..-"t n1' nast«w:ir-jf, fro'ii ccllection i.-'verii to n creat- i-;«:H ;'.•:•!;:•;.•. •"• 1 1 .•otioti p..; /":••;, pursu.-ir.C fo -'ill '.'"•>. I'o. ')!I3-!'', are .•li"i:i'r' i i'tr:i ' •!,' • vi .MJ I .'-crLictMvei or p'iv;!'.:.' '.iro'iertv. /Ifil0|li82 UNITED i .TES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION',...ENCY

(ked)

AH'noug'.i nil expanded definition of treatment works would be appropriate, we have determined tluit any facilities to serve a landfill would not bo used to collect and transmit domestic wastewater and their primary purpose would not be to convey domestic waatewater from the surrounding comiunity. It la very possible that the leachate recovered from the landfill will require prctreatraent due to high concentrations of heavy metals, which would preclude normal transmission and treatment and which is not eligible for Federal participation, pursuant to 40 CFR 35.925-15. This discussion in a nummary o£ a report prepared by our Facilities Management Branch in an effort to fully evaluate and analyse the el- igibility ol treatment facilities Co nerve as their sole purpose n domestic landfill.

SCROCE:tnc:5/31/78:(M00

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' V,. I ( UNITED S i ATES ENVIRONMENTAL I'ROTECTlu.J AGENCY illl-M.MVnlmnSts. UiluS • .'• (Red) • ..., ...... SU-":t-T: cr. J.->wiry 27, ii-75 DATE; 2/V7G

FROM- ' ?, —— ' °M' Solid fete !:a:-?e-ent T0 Gor.hr. !•!, Rapier, Director Air and Hazardous Materials :ivUion (iAKOD)

: Hotsrt L, Alien, Chief Hazardous Xctcriait Hrsr.oh (^H30) 7l A tr

A csotinr VSE calloJ t;.- -.i-.e Citi:o:.c A:r::iE'.iEr. ir. the area to discuss the count;.' proposals -.: sclve lap.ci-.uto rrsbler.s t=t the Llar.eoller, law- fill net:- Vilsir.ftcr., :clavire. :'::•, C:v.r.';y £u?f:-visor for tht area, Joe To.icr, ciscussei the :Mi2vir.r opticns: 1. Burn V::e — oric.1 ir. Vr.-= E. Abf.r.irr. the arruiftr v.v 3. Move the lEr.irill to z. r.cv li. Occar. du::;. T'r.o or.ly practical cj-.iir., r/;=t?r ?, vili involve tV.f folloviins steps et an eftiratei cci't c^ ;: r;Ulicr. :'cr r,ovir.£ EV:;x;t 2 cillicr. cuV.ic yards. 1. Acquire tr, aijcir.ir.;; c'-'avtl pit which will te lined with plastic above n S-fto", clay lir.sr. Move the .-atsrii-.! ever a one-year terioa tj new cite. 3. Pu=p the acquirer for tevevai year; until clear, I.. Create a liXe a^ eld site after rerilin;; lotto:::, Pat Car/:.ano discussed str.te role ir C'-"r.'.ir,r, perr.it ar.d i:onitorir.g to protect water cuptlier, Citir.er.5 raicei the fcllovinr po;::tn: 1. Che-icals night IcaV. cut of cruir.s ar.J destroy lii-.er. (This is a vnliu conctrn). P. Odcrt - tech:-olo;ty if available. ),, 5, 'iYuri'ic - vill V» entirely cff ro:;:\:, C. la the ]irc.;r'rv;r.r :f the va-.tr s'.;-.:: .y ,'ort!-. the cv^niitvsre of ovrr "2 -illitn': Irrch-Lly it Sue •-•• 1,'rh tort of imrcrtinr. over C M'S i'l'vr. :•. c\:::ti-.n: 3 : cati,:n; . ARIO|l»98 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

M1GIHAL Eric-fin^ on l,lan»nllen landfill, Now C.nsUo County, Delaware IJirector, Water Division

Regional Administrator In response to your directive to Robert Illnnco dated l.'over.lior I), 1P70, anil my intention ns shown in ry r,ono to you dated t,'ovo;,il'er 17, 1070, to prepare a Ijj'iefini; on tlic LlnTi';ollcn land-ill situation in Now Ctistlc County, Delaware, the following is presented :

Tlie Icae'iatn contamination fron the abandoned landfill in .'I'C-H Castle County represents a serious water qip.lity p..".n.'i;;s:",cnt prc'iilor: whicii also vitall;1 ai'fects iiavcv supply plnnninij wul solid waste nanafe-ont. TI>is cnntwinntia.i l.as seriously polluted n r;:ijor a'uiifcr 5ii;i"lyir,r; sinnificant dtrasstic ami iiuhistrial i.'ntCT r.ouds in ttie County. T!,e leacliatci lias cont.-.iiiiiated SL-vernl privr-tc wells c.iiil is tliT'CMtrnin?, tiin Artesian I'.'iitor u'l.'inaay Ucnj;ollcn wsllfiold. which li.is produced UP to .',,S vullion callous per Jny, and tlio I'.-oeo Chf'icK'l Cor-'crntion wcllv'icld, uliicii yjoldud 1.7 r.id in I!1?.',, Very recently, the ^r-oco water VMS fcurn! to bn alroad;1 showin.c sifns of contariination. Artosian Itotor Co'iniuiy liar, recently filed n $•' nillion suit iT».".i:ist the County. 'Since vrtcr supplios in northern Mew Castle Coi;:ir.y are iiDproachin^ full uiilir.atinn, tiie Ions of such a critical aquifer tliroiHi contar.iinatio;i cannot ho toloratut1.. Since the landfill is ntanJoncd, regulatory activitii'S nro insufficient . 'Die 200 A"C!»cy is tii);in;.! the load in tryin'j to solve this problc1;;,

Tlin Mnn."olli!n landfill is located near the city of lj."j Castle. It Hfis cincrated for tho County as a receptacle for icuniciiiiil and indiiEtrial wastes, Inc.ljuUnf1 liquid eiie'.'iical varies, l-'orc r.lian 2 million cuhii' yards wo'ce placed in the Inn.! fill I'rrn liidO to lilfili. In 1008 it roacl.ed capacity. 'Ilio fill area itself is rou;'hly 5 ft ncrea. Since the discwory (if leiirliatc ill tiiu aouJfor in t!u; ppriiui of , the pnlJiiti'.'it co-iceiit.ral.icns linvn iiicr(!;isi".l larlnnlly a;id the' rxtc,1'. of to!it;r,lr,:ition within the r^u'for lias .'.I'orn, Ilealizin^ tiiti ''-.InMt tl.n a: to tlic veil11., tho i:in::;ty ii.Btalli'd recovery iii-lls bctueon the ^.•:-"Jll {;;:•.! tin: A;tcr.j:in later Co. la.'i i 11,'ld in bn

(.•, riCIAL I ILL C further ) pacha to nli'.riitlon. This action by the county, conblncd*httli the effects of pir.niiu', restrictions at the Artesian wellficld, havo temporarily s tal.'ilh'.ijd the loacluito r.ovenent, 'Ilicso measures can only bo considered temporary, however. ClonsiiU.ir.tr. for the county havo investigated several alternative actions but, Ui:e to a variety of factors, little lioadwav has been nade toward i rr.pl cnentin1; a final solution. It is important to note that the (ilterrtitivd of nbandonim the aquifer was not considered a viable option in li^ht of the existing water supply problems in the county, Three basic alternatives "ere explored as possible solutions to the ii(|uifer contnr.inations Pirst, hydrotieolopic isolation of t!ie landfill conMiicv! with tlu' collection and ti-eatne:u of loach.itc; second, excavation of tho rufurc, followed by so:-"j 15710 of incineration! and third, excavation anj transportation pf tho. refuse to another landfill or the ocean. 'iV.p three alternatives linvi1 t'.io ontr.tnr.rlin'', slnilaiities: one bcij!.-; tliat thoJv fonsibiliiy is doubt i'ul, and the cither, ths trenendouc costs associated with each. 1. Uncertainty exists as to the effectiveness of hydro.icolojic isolation of. t!;e liini-fill i" providi:!:; ,-. final solution to the ac-.uifer Oerradation wit!;in a ('.'.'finite porio.l of tine. IV.is doubt stc-as fro;,i a lac!1, of hnov.'lc'(!:;c> nbou:: t!ie ''life s;\".v.'' of the refuse in terns of leachato- Iienei-Mi'jn capaiiilltiri, Tho capital and operatlir, costs are conservatively estir.ate.! at HS nillior r.t present valuo. 2, Onsito incineration, irvolvos capital costs r»;i"ini', fvon J1S to $2S nillion, Several ir.cinor.iti on trclmitiuas were pivlininarily evaluated by the county's conr.'.:!tr;nt,irn:hu!ii);.; conventional a:i.i ntear-^nnorntin!1, Inci nor? tors , the '.iiiion CiirMJf I'urox systnvi, fluid-brd incineration, and the lilac.). Ch'vr.on liyi!;-0"c!isp»srl syntun. Serious questions rc.o'.ain about the technical feasibility of all of tliciii. 3, Vuiile t!:e third altenK'tivc nnted is the least cxnensive, about $1(1 nillion, am! offers a relatively rapid t'.bsolute solution, its use entails serious environmental and political probler.s. I'.enoval to an existing Inn;! fill '..'ouKI rmmire extcnsivo1 cnvi-onr't-ntal controls and would result in an curly nitirart-nt of tl'fit la Constrnctinn of n new la:iJfil] to vstcive t'ne rofusc? wiiuld ron lire extensive controls, nnJ i.'ciuld crrtairly frrou-.ter inri:;r.e political op ins Hion. In addition? the p7'oblf."r, acsor.ial'j! rit'n transportlr." sucli hi';!•.)>' offensive material tliroii;'!i po,",:l:itvd areas is obvious,

AKIOI500 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY i ( ORIGINAL (lied) "J- - • To date, New Castle County has spent almost $2 nil lion in stu;!yi", i and r.onitorin:; the problem, and in providim1. tcnporary ah,'itp:-i.'!it ne.ijurps. Theso costs plus minimisi corrective costs of nt least !?10 nlllion are stll) much loss tlmn the overall lonn-torn cor.ts pf nbandonin'! the luiinfcr, in tons of tlawe and replacement costs, Tluis, while the need for correcting the si.tintlon is fully npprcciattJ, the affected Jurisdictions are hesitant to cornit tho additional lar.".e amounts of nonoy icnuircd - !Uu to $25 nil lion - particularly for fictions which may not provide a satisfactory solution. CPA has been trying to help the 208 Agency since November of 1974. Our regional involvement in early l?7ij showed the best plan of action was to contact thu Any Corps of nnp.incors (Urban Studios I'roni'fm) for nssist.vico, Potential sources of r.ionoy investigated but found to be insufficient were : S.ive Drinkinc. I'nter Act; i:!\\ Office of Solid 1,'aste; ."1'A ORW; Pedoral Iiisaster Afsistance Art; IM Conv.'inity I'ovelopraont Block Grants. Tlie linf, Agency l\as boep v,'orl;iii". since I'obmavy uf 107fi with a •'ran: of f:l'.',.riO,') froM tiie liPA !!ca.!':inrters Offico of Jtolid h'aste. Th.r purpose of this study has boon to assist i.'PA in reprioritizinn funding for water pollution eaphasixiTp. land disixisal problcris. .Senator l:idnn'f nrend:-i?nt to the Jolid Waste disposal Act, passod in J;:rc- 19?(.;, authorises JfiSI^OO for the .70S Agency to study tho situr.tion, broken do™ fis follows: $250,000 for tcclmicnl study J.'nd.non over tvo years to ;>oy oporatinp, extitnuos necessary to contain tha sproad of loaehato. ossirir ni'icussio:: nris 1. Pundinf! possiliilitios; ti"in", (when?) and typo (201, OHG'J, Office of Solid V.'astc, joint Todorr.l agencies t).rou;;h I:1!C, etc.). 2, national coi.rdination: lntcrdivision.il? jiovsonncl to liel]' the 20S Agency develop its $250,0(10 study 3. Policy inplicnrions for 201 and OP»f,D fundin.n: Is Unn^ollcn tho tip of mi icel'or", in tha flense that ivs prol'lcns nm coar.on to nany old lar.dfills in t'lo Ir.nid oiiKtcrn United States near old cities? Is an ir.terdlviiiln'-.p] effort Tip(|uii'od to davelon r.n KPA policy on this !;i:ltldl!!cinHn,.r>' prc'lili.-,: (in oxpaiiileJ 0!(!;p prp'tran to develop toc!i:iDlc'"Ji'i, to vescuo aquifor:; fvon cont.'ir-ir.atlon t'ron Irndfills; an o.i.^r:nr,inn of 1:0) cli.",llijn prr/j'.cts Vu hieliido vnrioiis lnn.lflll t ....JRJillO cc. A'.'Vl:n-Jr, '" " . ...7. .-'.'>ONc:ui"":l,'.'-l;;5i;nw ...... _.-.. '•'. ' '"i'-i'/i', Al !.•!) I .), 'l.-ii.wrM-ir.- : I -', 11 ••'!. :iio "" ' A. i'l-ldu.".-!;/! . llaxv1')) j • ji. |:rr,l, l.i'w rj;-,tln ilcinnty !.'(!(: AjH'iic.y •• " • . v t. • r ••'•• " "<<" . . . . I K.'AC '•'•ORIGINAL (Red)

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Honorable Austin ]'. Olney Secretary, Dcjvirtriieiit of Natural nosonrcct, and Knvlronsisntal Control KJward TaMiall Building I'. 0. Hoi: M01 Dover, Doi.warc 19901 Pear Secretary 0)r.c>v:

I'lio Knvivo-.-.r.nnta!. 1'i'cU'ction Agtncy is very conctrnctl tibt.ui. t!ia iji'Rlity c." fi:;. ciri'rl'.J.-.s \:a';C'i' in the vicinivy cf tht Avry nnO l)cll.-.vci-Lr.:i;' l:i;v.uilin in Nf.: C.-ir.rlc Co.;:ity, nelawarc. J. nm en:.'.p.-.Lr.!; in I.inr: letter F.C.--.' infon.istio:i about recwr nnd ncti(.-.-s ta!:sn ly iht KI'A. •

t.ia of th'j Icrsor \;::tor supply ;;ystenn near the Arny Cre;-V. anil Ir.tvJ:.1.1.!.- i:- the: w.-.'ucr supply uystcm lo:,-!U^ cu HI oriu-.ratioa's- \'.m-: Castlf 1'olyir.ir PlnnV. vhich lU-Vr.r.liy ri:,v.i.it::: vat or for plant pro::c:r.sjn;;, crJul-.inc,, \.\ s'ni'.i;; • and filiovoi-Jr;'., co:.-j.svi of three: wtlls vbici! feed ;i ccc.:.in c'.iEtri!:'.irlon ipe net'.1;!'-!:. l]urr;u:K.t IP KPA rof.ulatior.B the Ar.irco ;:y!ilc:r: is n :'.v.:'.ii.v pulHc v;:ter syoti:;.-," ar-d ic. therefore r.ul'jcct tci ii,:- Saft l)rin!::iiu; V.-.tor Act, P. L, 93-523, (/,?. L'.S.C. 300 f. f.;t_ st^,);

Analyr.r'G of !;,-ir.;-]cr, Irorr Araco'r. l.'C'll /TVI-^.colloctci! on June 2? w.c! July 25, 1977, i-.;vcaltd tlie prcr.tr.ee of six oi7,.-.nic r.onl.a:.vin;.nl r, two of vhicli \ :•.•-•(: prt-.-^i.t In GKCCKP. of cuvrnnt iil'A cuicicHnos for crinkin;, ualcr,^ The coiitar.inants founi in Well K!-3, Uicir duLuctLJ concenLi-iitions, iinJ i'.rA'c reco-r.-.M-idecl lii;iit.B are at follovc:

Compound Detected EVA Guidelines An Aiaocp •",!•• 3 Co!icc!!i_trat:l.on/0ate for Drinlrlnr

'••l)in-?.('.-ii1ov.:.a-!.y)) (rl:!icr 1.01 ppb/0/27/77 0.02 ppl, '.•Lftr-.v-pn.- J.2 ppb/7/?.J/77 1.0 ppb li:i:'!i)ov.-,:thylu-.- «,1 ppb/ " 10.0 pph . 1, '/. di (.•'::lci.of-r;:.r.;;: 0.5 ppb/ '! none at pr<-<,iv.it ' Uiln.'iy.' 2,1 ppb/ " 110:10 at present •XVI. nc belrv 1,0 pp!>/ " none al piv^ent ARIOI505 ' ,.,, ORIGINAL '••' (Red) Hie p.uld'.-lii.-.-. for these rcnt;'.'.:.:;iints in drir.Uinp, water lir.vc been cM-.-iblir.htd 17 I'.l'A lic-(id(|u:.rtcrB tojiicrjlo-isfs. in Ihe Off ice of Water Sui'i'ly, The cuidflH'.K'r. .".re based on current ;.\;A historic.-.! research In areas of to::ico.loj-,y, cavcimv;r..nici;y, and c-;>ider,ioloj;y. Because of the presence of bis-2(c!iloroothvl) tther (:.Cti:) r.r.d btnr.enf in excess of the i:i'A cuidelines in Ainocc's Well PW-3, -:VA Rc^on 111 notified the |)cparlr,ant of Public Health in the State of Djliv,.-sre of tt.e results in July of 1977 which subsequently rc-.co-.-.-:.cndcd tiif.t Ai.ioco t'.istontinue the uKt of its v;,tcr systti.-i for drin!iir;i purposes and instead use an alternate supply such as; botdc-d v.iter. An onforce;:,er.t action to shut down the Anoco sy.'.tcr. f.urr.uar.i: to Section l/ol of th;. Safe Drin'-.ini: Water Act (/i2 I).B.C. 300 i.) was not initiated because suliseoucint to the KPA atics A-.cco vo3:iv.t:.rily installi.:1 settled v.-ater coj'lors for

On October 5ti; and 21st, 1977 this c-ffico rf-civu;! nddition.-.! data r.."r.;.'.l.r:S tnV.tn on Au;:v:vl: IS, 1?7V ;vc." sievtraJ recovery en:! '(.-;; .I;;, T..J rer.:'.\cs art pi'cstnte.! in tl:.-' nt!.:::':.cn; r.r.ttriftl. 1 vould lil.i V.o r,;-.3.1 ycv.v ;:tf.i.:v:ir;ii to the T•:•'.!: co:'.l.a:-!in::1..ic.:'. lcvi:ls /o;it^ In r.occvcry WtllE '.'.:.:•. 5/:j, a:vi ?.B \:'iit:h \>u\-vf. on cv.;r r.'.ia'lyr.io \.-ere ^ Pi'n and ,OOTi }T.'., rf.sv.'.tfivtj.y. Vl.ef.c; .levfiis r.vc re:;pv'CV.lv!.Oy, .S003 tir.ua nr.d 250 ti-i? !:?.'. fuiiclin^ v;J.ue;; fc,v (!r;v.V..i«:-, '.Mtc-.-.:. Ko arc currently I'svki.v^ vil.h yr.ur staff ir: cr.tabj:'.r!-.i:.;., ::''i)K!; discli,v.-;-.f. lir.its £ov the linttO c.::-;anics viuch art bcin^ c:iDE'r.3'.-[:.-:;l into Av:.y Creek (iron tlic Kecovo.rv l.'eHa. I vould lil-.o to ilisc-upr the above c.o-.-cfcrna vi.tli you furt:i;.r, so that we car. explore; \:'nr\i r,'.:r..-:;ires are nteded to effectively resolve thir. pvobJ.cn in itr, entirety.

Jack J. ]!p.p,ional Adrini.ntrator

ce: Dr. Uicho3a;; P. llariro."., l.'cputy Direct Dept. of lleoltii find l-iici.'.l Service!;

PatLVkiii ('.. ['.'.'Ir.1 ;.•;-., !'.crrt far; Dfpt.. or l!.-;,-1.v!i ;:;;,! Si-Li:.! Si.-rv;c'f:;-. f UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (legion III -OthlV Walnut Sti. ADIPIUM Philadelphia. Pa. 19 ion ORIGINAL " ' .(Red) SUBJECT: Army Creek and DcllavorBano Landfills ' November *3>

PROM; Albert Montague, Director^' (^,> Office of Resonrch nncl Development (3X000)

TO; Jack J. Schrarara Regional Administrator (3RAOO)

Last week the New Castle County 208 Arcawide Management Program convened a tuo day conference. The purpose of the race tint; was to discuss the groundwatcr contamination problem, caused by the ICufihir.s of materials fro". the above subject landfills into the underlying nquifcrs. 1 would like to call your attention to a surprising development. that surfaced during last weeks events. The. participants were advised that n sewer line is located under the Array Creek landfill. This line convoys wastcwater and possibly sor.o infiltration leachate as well, into the li'ilmlnp.ton Sewage: Treatment Plant (STP), The V,'llaingto:i STP employs n secondary trcatn'.ant activated sludge process and currently receives 75 million gallons per day (MED) of vastowatcr flow, However, this volume in expected to increase to 90 KGD, when the plant Is expanded,

Tills sewer line may lie a vital element in providing the County with perhaps the most viable and cost-effective method considered to date in dealing with this grounduntor problem, according to the groundvator experts at this ciaeting,

This point wan reflected in their preliminary i; nonary findings in that hydroyeolojic isolation of both landfills appeared to he the moat desirable way of protecting the aquifer. Furchcnaorc, that as part of thin hydrogeologic approach, that we seriously consider the use of this existing sower line as a method of convoying concentrated leachate out of the landfills and adjacent aquifers into the Wilniington STP. Naturally, we would also have to determine the Impact of the loachntc on the plant.

In light of these dtvelonr.entr, , 1 would like to suggest we delay • our proposed brie fin:1, to you on this problem. This would push liacl; your looting witli appropriate State officials on thi;; subject. l!o'..Y'Vcr, tiii:; delay would give the County rind their consultant: the op;>;Ttu;;i I ;• lo re-evaluate their corrective options. —

'"'' ' " ' '

;,OK "I p... ORIGINA! •r" (Red) Finally, we believe thai, the problem of obtalnin[; project funds would to a large extent b;: nitiyated, if the County elect;; to go with tliii: liydrogeolosic approach. This Method ia not, in our opinion, capital Intensive when conparod to other previous consid- erations, This liL'ins the case tlie need for your broaching the Govcnor with this probloa nay not be warranted. • '.

We hope you agree. If thin is uatir.factory, we would liUe to reschedule your briefing until January 12, cc: Dr. Morris (3DAOO) C. Jones (3WAOQ) K. Lee (3V,'A3Cl) C. Kapicr (3AKOO).'' R. Alien (3A!!30) R. llitUus (3SAOO) ],. Miller (33A50) J. Donovn:; (r:,'30) 1'. Arabrosi (3E:;21)

ARIOI508 ORIGINAL (Red)

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flRIOISIO UNITED Kf TES ENVIRONMENTAL I'ROTECTIf AGENCY (legion III - Glh F< Walnut Sis, ^ I'hilacltliilii.i, Pa, 18108

SUBJECT: ^.;!pfo^/nCrc.PV. througj! the DATr::DF_C 2 1977

FROM: John J. Ikrphries III 'i ! i ' •• -' •'-'•' nPIRINA LTviraratk Engineer (3AK30) • ,0 Jv . .. (nCQJ TO: Robert L. .-Vila:! ' •' "*•" Chief, Hazardous tutorials Branch (3AH30) ' •'• :" Vihile speaking with Barry Stohl in the Office of Solid Waste, ha sugESSted contacting Toby Hegdahl or Scan Jorginson in Region X regardir.j 201 funding to rectify a leiching landfill problm. Suan Jargiiisar. inferred ~& tliat fimdLig v:as obtained for the; con3tr.-.:c';ion of interceptors only, r.Kvo'.:.':h the 201 V.V.tcr Program. Tna £ur.;t of V'".shir.;;tcr. played a irajor role in K-:ertin« tno'jA'.li proES'jrc to t'r.;. rc-;:icr. ~icl eventually create fradisv; for constiuction of sr,:=r lir.o ii'.t-r-.rcsptors. Tlia Staue vas concerned nbov.t pollution of !•;« S'.'rfr.ift v:£tc.rs sr.d laballc-d it a hich priority iter.. Iji?ac'r^:=- '..7.3 d'.sciv-rn-;- st a rate of l;j ;^l/r.i.n. Ko fuivJini.; vras evp.il&bli- for c;r.sr-~~:i.cr, of a collection system v.-liich \.viuld finally disch=.-";c' as (•. poi.-.t Bcrjrce, Star; -.-1V2 r.e t'r.i r~"jj ?: tha key person ir. the State of VJashinp.ton vho '.-."s riit.rr.sibl:: fcr cetaila on th? overall pro'ject. Mark lYer.o ray b« ccr.tkcr.c-d or, FIS r.'jr/tar 835-190'j, 1 vrauld iil-.e to note tl'sr.t 5i;.r. ,":r":r.Hcr. E^'^asiKec1. the fret th;:t tho State vas ir.stru- iTBT.tal i:-. ?..-.'r.ir.-i;'.rJ rjr.di:-.3 for constriictin-; interceptor;-, in ths proble:- lEiifill. J, pisr. to r.fi=: vlth Jack Potosrak on Monday, I>aca-;jer 5 to inform hi'i of the prs:cdir.t that uis sen'; in ib?,icn X, in case a requost for r irril;.1.'' rndi:-1.:- is siii.uttcd by ths Suate of Dslr.v.rerc for Arrr/ Cret'/. Lc:-.dfill.

ARIOI5II UNITEf 'ATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIOj GENCY

Kcpcct of Meeting cm Llangollen Landfill, New Cautie County, Delaware 6JAR 2 Sceven A. Croce, Sanitary iiugineer Delaware/M.iryland/U.C. Suction

Joseph A. Cnlda, C!iie£ Facilities Management Branch (Red) THRU1. John Potosnak, Chief Delaware/Maryland/D.C. Section Facilities Management Branch

An inter-officn aeeting was held Much 1, 1578 to discuss the lenchate problem associated with the Llangollen landfill and Hie poauibility of funding n landfill treataent facility under thf Construction Grant.1) Prograa.

The following agency staff member a attended tlin meeting:

John Potoiinak - Facilities Management Branch Steven Croce - Facilities! Management Branch Lanny Maxwell - Ha tar Planning Branch Al Montague - Office of Research & Development Hob Alien - Hazardous) Materials Branch Our meeting began with a !,rie£ rcvievj by Al Hunt ague of the: groundwater contamination problaa caused by landfill leacliate percolating into t'aa Potoroac aquifer. A meeting in November 1977 with Maw Castle County 203 Arcawide Management Program officials focused cm hydrogeologic iaolation of the landfill as the uioat viable and cost-effective method in dealing with the groundwnter problem.

Since other alternatives ouch as onnitu incineration and relocation oJ the landfill Material were considered too costly or detrimental to the environment, thf! nydrogRologic isolation approach wan pursued in detail during th« neeting. Thin alternative was further (supported by tin: existence, of the State Rond Interceptor awver which is located in the iraiediate area of the landfill, It W/IH suggested Chat the leKchate contaninatad groimt'water puuiptc! Co the surface by a siyst^ra of r'.'cove^ry walla, located around the periphery and within tlit land" fill, could bo depnaitad into t\\s existing Cnunty swsr (V'O'l-'Tl^t I o nt COfC'J'lLNC SVMncii. '

f.U:( •!»»,,• lv IJAT.-: ]• OFrlCIAU FILE COP UNITED-'-VTES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTiqj CENCY

T^. ORIGINAL The volume and toxicity oi the pump«d gi'oundwatev would liava tu be *_ ' considered for its effect on the sewerage facilities and uaatcwater trsataent processes updated at the treatment plant, Analyses of saaplen taken from an Amoco well, located near the landfill, revealed the presence of six organic contaminants and a*high content of iron in the groundvater. It ia not known whether the contaminated ground- water will stabilize in tim* nor whether the hydrogaologic iaolation will completely contain the percolation of contaminated groundwater into the Potomac aquifer. Baaed on the above discusaion, containment and conveyance of the ground- vater was considered for funding under tha Construction Cranta Program. A precedent has never been estalishud in Region III for funding pollu- tion problun.1 associated with a landfill. The Federal participation in such a project would probably be limited to the eligible costs associated with constructing an interceptor/conveyar.te newer to transfer the pumped groundwater to the existing County flower system, Pumping facilities regarding tha recovery wells would not be port o£ tha eligible treataaut works since their purpose would be to dewater the aubuurface regionfl o£ the existing landfill as parl: of n collection Eyutem to convey groundwater to an interceptor. In this case, the landfill may be considered an industrial user o!! the Ccumiy never syatc.m uinco t'ae landfill contains induatri.il chemical wastes and therefore such wastes any be subject to pretreatioent requirc.infints pursuant to Title 40 Part 35.925-15, In consideration of amendments under the Clean Water Act of 1077, Section 50't "Emergency Powers" establinhed a contingency fund to nsaiat in ecergencicu caused by the relaase o£ any pollutant or contnninant into tha environment but not limited to present or ianninent danger to the public health or welfare. This flection provides for assistance required to prevant, limit and roitigata an emergency especially where such assis- tance will not otherwise be provided on a timely basis, but tlia national contingency fund ia authorized not to exceed $.10,000,000. Ilia estimated capital and operating coats to isolate the landfill, would approach a current valua of $15 million.

We contacted EPA Headquarters in Washington, D.C, and talked with Eliot Tucker concerning a Federal conutruction grant fnr treatment/conveyance of landfill waataa. It was cxpretmed to un that Headquarters policy i.i not to offer funds frora th>' Construction firants Program for uuch projects, Contrary Co thi. policy, vc wcrn informed by members of our own Solid Wa.itea Branch that Region X (Washington District) has ovjirded 11 construction grant to tha State of UaiiriingCon to build an interceptor aswur to convey landfill wasted for wastew.iter treatment. Tiia pr*r.i»deni: set in Region !'. will bt! pursued in laors detail and the :".i;thod ni nwfirdiiiff such a »r.int in regard to lieaclqusrccift Rifjlftj Knll O current regulation!! will be diacusattd with our counterpart!) in Region

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Ml ut; 0:1 In:: A l^niciiuil Lb (Red) A::': [, U.ishwm, CMof ,!!'| 1'S •-.,., Construct^;. iivr.H.oii'.; IV.mcii (wi:->;/) " |J/D • Stuart C. Petursor,, Chief Municipal Facilities llronc!,, Re

In ro;il.v Lo yu.ir m;;i.-.), siulijoct as nhovo, (Joanl July 1'J, wa have invosLiyaU'd Llie i/ossibility of fuiidi,;;] colbctirm and transmission liner, for luachnt!.- fron a niimicinal di:n;|). It is our opinion that liicy wouli! not be an diriiblc cost iinilar tha provisions or PL 92-500. Soiiia of tlia rationale for this opinion 10 as follows: • (a) "r.'j co!is:i-..ic'J!':': oi' iiii(l:';\-ir.iii,5 for a w:.< ,r: land fill r,i\> a p.;r;. or iii.; CL-iiitniiion of Lii.il. fudlily f.i.J as • sucii should I;.': intliiJd in Li;r: dipiu::! costs ass?:ial.eJ thortwi Mi. It is possible Llifi! Li;'j ii;yrovo,:a;-,'. ctuld l;e : :i:',.ii:i ly fuiuieJ by the solisolidd v,;;;lv, e ;,r:..;i\r:: (b; 1:; is i!.;.,;,!.Hil L'^o:. ilia leaci;;,1:: >,\-.,ilfJ h:; ;, c.'.-.:),r.ilile uasui, !,'c i!:: i.irj./ i.iia'. liachaLs generally ciir.Lainr, l^.r.y-rciLn'is in tiiu 5 pi:.:: r:/.;:. : .:o n;r,s u:'. Lo 20, Oy] !;;::i. >.:••;::; ;;r;; al'.j 1 i!:uly to racoiva :::.;t:i'i,i! ;.!iic:ii i/cuh!, fnv ti- : tn tito, [ToJiua a shod; loa;; from ti-.J li-iici,'. A; ci.'-:int; into tr,:; .-- (c) i::..;i!Mi.i.iiij a I ine/or lin:: l.o pic:: 10 i.::i'.:i ,'iv ; a r.wnicipal (!-. •- i-:/i I b^s*j§OU) KiilJii.-j i'a;:i lil.ies Lc ;i\:n waste fro-.; a r;j:viei;;al \.';.ter treatr'.ent plant i;liic!i is no;, eli'jiblu- undar PL 9R-liOO. " (d) As you suyjasli'i: tin:r;: is also t;,_. :.ruhlt,ri of overland runoff which vwulcl in efl'act create a co;:.yim;.i stwar. .j Shoj'KI yoj ',/isii to discusr, this furthur, ;iltast! call din liiirphy, (0) PECEIVED 1U9 Li:;-;:/-;'i f.".1111'!'. [i ] 1978 [PA K-GION i.: . flfiJO.l5.i6