DOCSLIB.ORG

Women, Food, Land: Exploring Rule of Law Linkages Using Law to Strengthen Food Security and Land Rights for Women

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Women, Food, Land: Exploring Rule of Law Linkages Using Law to Strengthen Food Security and Land Rights for Women WOMEN, FOOD, LAND: EXPLORING RULE OF LAW LINKAGES USING LAW TO STRENGTHEN FOOD SECURITY AND LAND RIGHTS FOR WOMEN International Development Law Organization WOMEN, FOOD, LAND: EXPLORING RULE OF LAW LINKAGES The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization devoted to empowering people and enabling governments to reform laws and strengthen institutions to promote peace, justice, sustainable development and economic opportunity. Front cover image: Flickr_Kate Holt/Australia Aid 02 IDLO TABLE OF CONTENTS › Acronyms 03 2.3 Interaction between formal and › Executive Summary 05 informal legal systems 22 2.4 Barriers to accessing justice 23 Part 1 INTRODUCTION Part 3 1.1 The 2030 agenda for Sustainable ENTRY POINTS FOR PROGRAMMING Development 08 ON FOOD SECURITY AND EQUAL LAND RIGHTS 1.2 Women, food and land – exploring concepts and linkages 10 3.1 Ensure participation – an overarching principle 28 (1) Food security and the right to adequate food 10 3.2 Collect and share relevant data to (2) Land rights and access to inform, monitor and assess 30 productive natural resources 12 (3) Gender equality 13 3.3 Coordinate legal, policy and (4) Gender equality and food security 14 budgetary measures 32 (5) Rule of law and food security 16 3.4 Implement gender-sensitive and responsive labor, social security, agricultural and land administration systems 34 Part 2 3.5 Improve women’s access to justice 34 CHALLENGES AFFECTING Women’s fOOD SECURITY AND LAND RIGHTS Part 4 2.1 Inadequate laws and policies 19 CONCLUSION › Notes 38 2.2 Implementing laws and policies 20 › Acknowledgements 43 AcronymS aDB Asian Development Bank UnCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Un-rEDD United Nations Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest IDLo International Development Law Organization Degradation IFPrI International Food Policy Research Institute Un WomEn United Nations Entity for Gender Equality oECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and the Empowerment of Women and Development USaID United States Agency for International oHCHr Office of the United Nations High Development Commissioner for Human Rights WoCAN Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture SDG Sustainable Development Goal and Natural Resources Management 03 WOMEN, FOOD, LAND: EXPLORING RULE OF LAW LINKAGES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 04 IDLO EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Women, Food, Land: Exploring Rule of Law instruments emphasize the mutually enabling women to participate in Linkages provides an overview of the reinforcing relationship between governance of food systems and land relationship between gender equality, gender equality and the realization of tenure processes at all levels. food security and the rule of law. This women’s rights to food, land, social report lays out a series of security and work. › Collecting relevant, disaggregated data recommendations aimed at to inform and monitor food security strengthening the synergies between the Secure land rights for women are a key programs and their impact and rule of law and gender equality within part of the equation in realizing the right systematically conducting participatory sustainable development programs to to adequate food and achieving food gender impact assessments for all ensure food security for everyone. security, as well as gender equality. For policies and laws that influence land rights to be effective and women’s food security. The causes of food insecurity are transformative for women, they must be multidimensional and involve a range of supported by a coordinated and coherent › Adopting rights-based, multisector legal, political, economic, social and legal and policy framework grounded in approaches to coordinate policies and environmental factors. The dynamics of participatory approaches, subjected to laws on food security, employment, national, regional and global trade and ongoing monitoring and accountability social protection, land rights, family law markets, shifting demand for land and mechanisms and guaranteed through and agricultural development. labor, and the accessibility of natural adequate and sustainable resource resources have a decisive impact on food allocations. A wide range of › Balancing strategic, short-term security. stakeholders (including the private interventions to ensure the immediate sector, community, traditional and access of women and girls to food and Hunger and malnutrition are generally religious authorities, civil society nutrition programs against longer-term not the result of insufficient levels of organizations and donors) and strategies that aim to transform food production, but are, instead, the approaches need to be integrated within unequal power relations. outcome of systemic inequalities in policies and programs in order to ensure access to adequate food. People who are that each dimension of food security is › Regulating the private sector and food insecure are often not just hungry, implemented in practice. supporting the development and they also suffer from violations of a adoption of human rights-based number of other interdependent human Women, Food, Land: Exploring Rule of business practices in food and rights, including the rights to life, health, Law Linkages examines a number of agriculture. adequate housing, work, education, the key challenges that affect social security, political participation, women’s food security and land rights › Improving women’s access to justice non-discrimination and access to justice. – inadequate laws and policies, through rule of law interventions and implementation failures and barriers strategic engagement with informal Globally, women and girls make up the to accessing justice – and suggests dispute settlement mechanisms to majority of people who are food ways in which rule of law programs ensure they are non-discriminatory. insecure. In societies where there is a might seek to overcome them. The high degree of gender inequality, there main recommendations made by the The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable is also a significantly higher proportion International Development Law Development acknowledges the of undernourishment among women Organization (IDLO) in this report are mutually reinforcing relationship and girls. Evidence shows that when underpinned by promising practices between food security, gender equality women are empowered through in using the rule of law to ensure and the rule of law as pillars of education, economic opportunities, gender equality, land rights and food sustainable development. Rule of law access to justice and political security for women around the world. interventions can make a decisive participation, they are better able to These recommendations, which are contribution to the effective claim their right to food and to directed at a range of different implementation of gender-sensitive contribute to ensuring food security for stakeholders, include: policies and laws on food security and others at the household, community, land rights, while empowering women to national and international levels. The › Facilitating participation by diverse become equal partners in decision- 2030 Agenda for Sustainable groups of women in decision-making making within the household, in the Development and a growing number of structures, supporting consultative and community and in economic, social and other international policy and legal inclusive law-making processes and political institutions. 05 WOMEN, FOOD, LAND: EXPLORING RULE OF LAW LINKAGES PARt 1 Introduction 06 IDLO Introduction omen account for 70 per means for its procurement:“hunger on nutrition, work, social protection, land cent of the world’s hungry, its own cannot be addressed without and other productive resources, results and are disproportionately also considering wider structural in a failure to ensure that these human Waffected by malnutrition, yet constraints, including nutrition, rights are respected, protected and they are responsible for more than half agricultural and land use practices, and fulfilled in practice. of global food production.1 access/distribution issues”.4 Gender- based discrimination is one of the most This report (1) explores the linkages We live in a world of abundance yet significant obstacles to the realization of between food security (including the role ensuring global food security remains food security for everyone.5 played by decent employment challenging, with women being opportunities and social protection in disproportionately affected by hunger While food insecurity has many causes, ensuring the right to food), access to and malnutrition. While there has been a policies, laws and legal systems play a land and productive natural resources, significant reduction in hunger crucial role in guaranteeing gender gender equality and the law; (2) throughout the world in recent decades, equality, food security and equal access identifies challenges to women’s the demand for food is predicted to rise to land and productive resources. In equality that affect food security; and (3) by 70 per cent by 2050,2 and it has been many countries, however, a lack of offers ways forward to promote the rule estimated that climate change will attention to the discriminatory impact of of law in order to realize greater food increase the risk of undernourishment policies and formal and informal laws on security for women within programming for 175 million people by 2080.3 women’s equal rights to food and for sustainable development.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Integrating Gender Issues in Food Security, Agriculture and Rural Development Mainstreaming:Tryouts 10/21/10 4:06 PM Page 3
    Mainstreaming:Tryouts 10/21/10 4:06 PM Page 1 Integrating gender issues in food security, agriculture and rural development Mainstreaming:Tryouts 10/21/10 4:06 PM Page 3 Integrating gender issues in food security, agriculture and rural development Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2010 Mainstreaming:Tryouts 10/21/10 4:06 PM Page 5 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. All rights reserved. FAO encourages the reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Food Challenge Towards a Human Rights Approach to Trade and Investment Policies Table of Contents
    The global Food Challenge Towards a Human rigHTs approacH To Trade and invesTmenT policies Table of ConTenTs The Global food Challenge: Introduction 3 Sophia Murphy and Armin Paasch Executive summary 6 Sophia Murphy and Armin Paasch A. FundamenTals 13 I. A Human Rights Approach to Trade and Investment Policies 14 Olivier De Schutter II. Agricultural Trade Liberalization in Multilateral and Bilateral Trade Negotiations 29 Tobias Reichert B. Case StudIes on Trade, InvesTmenT and The rIGhT To food 39 III. World Agricultural Trade and Human Rights – 40 Case studies on violations of the right to food of small farmers Armin Paasch IV. Foreign Investment and the Right to Food 50 Rolf Künnemann V. Women at the Center of the Global Food Challenge 60 Alexandra Spieldoch C. New ChallenGes and ThreaTs 67 VI. The Role of Speculation in the 2008 Food Price Bubble 68 Peter Wahl VII. Deepening the Food Crisis? 79 Climate change, food security and the right to food Thomas Hirsch, Christine Lottje and Michael Windfuhr 1 THe GLobal FooD CHALLenge – Towards a human rIGhTs approaCh To Trade and InvesTmenT polICIes D. Human rIGhTs based alTernaTIves and Tools 91 VIII. An overview of Human Rights Instruments to Raise Concerns 92 About Trade and Investment Policies Elvira Domínguez Redondo and Magdalena Sepúlveda Carmona IX. Towards a Convention on the Rights of Peasants 102 Christophe Golay X. Bridging the Divide: A human rights vision for global food trade 112 Sophia Murphy and Carin Smaller List of abbreviations 125 List of authors 127 Imprint 128 2 The Global food ChallenGe: InTroduction t started with the tortilla crisis in mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Women, Gender Equality and Climate Change
    UN WomenWatch: www.un.org/womenwatch The UN Internet Gateway on Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women Fact Sheet Women, Gender Equality and Climate Change Detrimental effects of climate change can be felt in the short-term through natural hazards, such as landslides, floods and hurricanes; and in the long-term, through more gradual deg- radation of the environment. The adverse ef- fects of these events are already felt in many areas, including in relation to, inter alia, ag- riculture and food security; biodiversity and ecosystems; water resources; human health; human settlements and migration patterns; and energy, transport and industry. In many of these contexts, women are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than men—primarily as they constitute the majority of the world’s poor and are more dependent for their livelihood on natural re- sources that are threatened by climate change. Photo Credit: UN Photo / Tim McKulka Furthermore, they face social, economic and political barriers that limit their coping ca- pacity. Women and men in rural areas in developing countries are especially vulnerable when they are highly dependent on local natural resources for their livelihood. Those charged with the responsibility to secure water, food and fuel for cooking and heating face the greatest challenges. Secondly, when coupled with unequal access to resources and to decision-making processes, limited mobility places women in rural areas in a position where they are disproportionately affected by climate change. It is thus important to identify gender-sensitive strategies to respond to the environmental and humanitarian crises caused by climate change.1 It is important to remember, however, that women are not only vulnerable to climate change but they are also effective actors or agents of change in relation to both mitigation and adaptation.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment in the Context Of
    Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in the context of Food Security and Nutrition Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in the context of Food Security and Nutrition A Scoping Paper – September 2020 Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in the context of Food Security and Nutrition Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in the context of Food Security and Nutrition A Scoping Paper – September 2020 “Gender equality and women’s empowerment are central to achieving the CFS vision to achieve food security for all, by raising levels of nutrition, improving agricultural productivity and natural resource management, and improving the lives of people in rural areas with full and equitable participation in decision-making. Without gender equality and rural women’s economic, social and political empowerment, food security will not be achieved.” CFS Forum on Women’s Empowerment in the context of Food Security and Nutrition, Rome, 2017 (CFS 2017/Inf 21) ii Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in the context of Food Security and Nutrition Introduction The purpose of this Scoping Paper, among other things, is to contribute to a preliminary discussion on the development of Voluntary Guidelines on Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in the context of Food Security and Nutrition. Development of such Guidelines is anticipated under the Committee on World Food Security’s (CFS) 2020-23 Multi-Year Programme of Work. This paper presents a conceptual summary of the subject and a framework through which challenges can be identified. Evidence of the main links between gender equality, women’s empowerment, and food security and nutrition is then presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Climate Change Research in Agriculture and Food Security for Rural Development
    TRAINING GUIDE GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO) THE CGIAR RESEARCH PROGRAM ON CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY (CCAFS) 2013 Cover page photo: ©FAO/Giulio Napolitano Second edition: July 2013 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107835-8 (print) E-ISBN 978-92-5-107836-5 (PDF) © FAO, 2013 © FAO, 2012 [First edition] FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.
    [Show full text]
  • Roots for the Future: the Landscape and Way Forward on Gender and Climate Change
    Roots for the Future The Landscape and Way Forward on Gender and Climate Change ROOTS FOR THE FUTURE This publication was produced by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Gender Office (GGO) under the auspices of the Global Gender and Climate Alliance (GGCA) joint programme, which has been made possible by the generous support of the Government of Finland. A wide range of collaborators, including from across the diversity of the GGCA membership, have contributed content, case studies, and peer review. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the whole of IUCN, nor the views of all collaborators. http://iucn.org/ www.gender-climate.org http://genderandenvironment.org/ Roots for the Future: The Landscape and Way Forward on Gender and Climate Change ISBN 978-9968-938-70-9 The GGCA, founded by IUCN, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Women’s Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) in 2007, is a unique alliance comprised of nearly 100 members—UN, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations from around the world, working together to ensure climate change decision-making, policies and initiatives at all levels are gender responsive and improve the lives and livelihoods of women and men. ROOTS FOR THE FUTURE Lead authors and editors Lorena Aguilar, Margaux Granat, and Cate Owren In collaboration with Publication coordinators • Manuel Oliva (Chapter 1) Cate Owren and Margaux Granat • Eleanor Blomstrom and Bridget Burns (Chapter 2.1) • Cheryl Anderson, with Molly Gilligan, Fidaa F. Designers Haddad, Ali Raza Rizvi, and Cristina Tirado Pablo Porta and Laura Hidalgo, (Chapter 3) Estudio Relativo • Ana Rojas, with Maria Prebble and Jackelline Siles (Chapter 4.1) Sourcing and formatting • Elizabeth Eggerts (Chapter 4.2) Molly Gilligan • Gotelind Alber and Kate Cahoon, with A.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Aware Approaches in Agricultural Programmes: a Study of Sida-Supported Agricultural Programmes
    2010:3 Sida Evaluation Cathy Rozel Farnworth Gender Aware Approaches in Agricultural Programmes: A study of Sida-supported Agricultural Programmes Sida Evaluation 2010:3 Gender Aware Approaches in Agricultural Programmes: A Study of Sida-supported Agricultural Programmes Cathy Rozel Farnworth Author: Cathy Rozel Farnworth. The views and interpretations expressed in this report are those of the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. Sida Evaluation 2010:3 Commissioned by Sida, Department for Economic Opportunities, Team for Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security in cooperation with the Secretariat for Evaluation Published by: Sida, 2010 Copyright: Sida and the author Date of final report: May 2010 Printed by: Edita, 2010 Art.no.: Sida61292en ISBN 978-91-568-4137-2 ISSN 1401–0402 This publication can be downloaded/ordered from www.Sida.se/publications Foreword Women are farmers. In many developing countries they do a larger share of the farm work than do men. This fact is well known, but how well is it reflected in the way development assistance in agricul- ture is carried out? In response to persistent gender inequalities in farming, despite decades of development assistance, Team Agricul- ture, Forestry and Food Security at Sida Headquarters initiated this thematic evaluation in cooperation with the Secretariat for Evalua- tion and Team Gender Equality. The purpose is to increase under- standing of how Sida’s development assistance in agriculture should be designed and implemented to ensure that women farmers are reached, that their needs as producers are met, and that it has a posi- tive impact on their livelihoods.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Food Security Persistent Hunger and Malnutrition Is a Problem Affecting Millions of People Globally, the Majority of Whom Are Women and Girls
    2015 IN Gender and Food Security Persistent hunger and malnutrition is a problem affecting millions of people globally, the majority of whom are women and girls. Food and nutrition insecurity is a political, economic and environmental issue, but, most importantly, it is a gender justice issue; stark gender inequalities are both a cause and an outcome of unjust food access, consumption and production. While there is now a growing recognition in policy that women’s role is essential to food and nutrition security, such policies tend to focus on increasing women’s productive and economic capacity. This is only a partial solution, failing to address the entrenched gender inequalities that prevent many women and girls from living a fulfilled life, free from hunger, poverty and discrimination. This In Brief argues that tackling gender injustice and truly puts the right to food and gender justice at the centre of all empowering women is not only a fundamental prerequisite interventions. Two case studies, produced collaboratively for improving food and nutrition security. It needs to be with food security actors, provide inspiring examples of seen as a goal in its own right. In Brief sets out a preliminary gender-transformative interventions in India and among vision for gender-just food and nutrition security, which Maya Chorti communities. Gender and Food Security: Right to Food in Gujarat: Maya Chorti People: An Overview Local Organising Contributing Tackling Food Insecurity to National Change with a Gender-just Approach Why is food and nutrition
    [Show full text]
  • WIDER Research Paper 2006/131 Women and Food Security in South
    Research Paper No. 2006/131 Women and Food Security in South Asia Current Issues and Emerging Concerns Nira Ramachandran* November 2006 Abstract The food security scenario in South Asia has witnessed rapid progress over the last few decades, yet nutrition outcomes, especially those related to women and children, have failed to keep pace. This paper contends that the role of women in providing food and nutrition security at the household and individual level needs to be examined, if the paradox of persisting malnutrition amid macro level food sufficiency is to be resolved. Food security, in its broader connotation, results from the availability of adequate food, effective consumption, and desirable nutrition outcomes. As such, it is intricately linked with a woman’s multiple roles expressed in her productive, reproductive, and caring functions. However, even focussed efforts aimed at resolving the problems faced by women in performing one or other of their roles, may fail to produce expected results, if the issues underlying each function and their inter-linkages are not fully understood. The paper thus attempts to review various aspects of the relationship between women and food security in South Asia, highlight the issues that require urgent focus and indicate emerging concerns in the region. Keywords: food security, gender bias, gender food security, women farmers, female workforce, feminization of poverty, wage differentials, malnutrition, empowerment JEL classification: Q15, Q18, J16, J43 Copyright © UNU-WIDER 2006 * UNICEF, New Delhi; email: [email protected] This paper was prepared for the UNU-WIDER project on Hunger and Food Security: New Challenges and New Opportunities, directed by Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Integration in Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change Policy: a Framework Proposal
    Gender integration in agriculture, food Security and climate change policy: a framework proposal Fanny Howland, Jean-Francois Le Coq, Mariola Acosta, Activity report February 2019 1 Abstract: Effective gender integration in policy has been proposed in many sectors and policies. CCAFS FP1 LAM has endorsed to favor mainstreaming of gender issue within climate and food security policy in agricultural sectors in Latin America. This document aims at providing a framework to analyze the current integration of gender issue and bottlenecks for further integration. Based on an extensive academic and grey literature regarding gender issue in policy, this document propose a state of the art on existing frameworks integrating gender issues in agriculture, CC and food and nutrition security, and criteria to evaluate gender integration. It finally proposed a framework to be tested in the CCAFS FP1 LAM to capture and understand the situation of gender integration within policy mix tackling CC and food nutrition security in agricultural sector. Keywords: Agriculture, food security and nutrition, Climate change, Gender, Sustainable Food System, Policy mix, Policy Integration 2 Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Background ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. The relevance of gender in Agriculture, Climate Change,
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Dimensions of Food Security, the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty in Nepal Yamuna Ghale
    Journal of International Women's Studies Volume 19 Issue 4 More Selected Papers of the Third World Article 3 Conference on Women’s Studies, Colombo, Sri Lanka, May 2017 May-2018 Gender Dimensions of Food Security, the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty in Nepal Yamuna Ghale Kailash Nath Pyakuryal Durga Devkota Krishna Prasad Pant Netra Prasad Timsina Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws Part of the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Ghale, Yamuna; Pyakuryal, Kailash Nath; Devkota, Durga; Pant, Krishna Prasad; and Timsina, Netra Prasad (2018). Gender Dimensions of Food Security, the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty in Nepal. Journal of International Women's Studies, 19(4), 15-31. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol19/iss4/3 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2018 Journal of International Women’s Studies. Gender Dimensions of Food Security, the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty in Nepal1 By Yamuna Ghale2, Kailash Nath Pyakuryal, Durga Devkota, Krishna Prasad Pant, Netra Prasad Timsina Abstract The right to food is the right to life. Ensuring food security for all the citizens and their food sovereignty is the responsibility of the State. Currently, the need for food security, especially for marginalized and oppressed sections of society, including women in Nepal, is inadequately addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Division of Labour in Food Production and Impact on Household Food Security and Child Nutrition in Rural Rukwa,Tan
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives GENDER DIVISION OF LABOUR IN FOOD PRODUCTION AND DECISION MAKING POWER AND IMPACT ON HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND CHILD NUTRITION IN RURAL RUKWA, TANZANIA. Tiransia Arthur Shoo Main Supervisor Prof. Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Health and Society University of Oslo, Norway Co-supervisor Prof. Joyce Kinabo Sokoine University of Agriculture,Tanzania Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of Master of Philosophy degree in International Community Health May, 2011 ABSTRACT Background Food insecurity which is the one of the causes of child malnutrition is still prevalent in Tanzania. One of the causes of food insecurity as it has been reported by other scholars is gender inequality. Women, especially in developing countries have been reported to have very high workload in food production compared to men and in decision making power they are often subordinate to men. Other studies have showed that gender roles are dynamic and they change over time with economic opportunities. In Tanzania, no current studies have looked at how gender division of labour affects food security and child nutrition. However, this is a follow up of a study which was done in the Rukwa Region in Tanzania in 1987/1988. Objectives The aim was to determine gender division of labour in agriculture and decision making power and their impacts on household food security and child nutrition Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 152 households in Msanzi village. The father and mother were interviewed separately. One random selected child below five years of age was included for assessment of weight, height and age in order to determine nutritional status Results Both men and women participated in agricultural activities but women worked more days in the field than men.
    [Show full text]