A Highly Unusual Constituent in Roman Polychromy
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Vanadium Pentoxide and Other Inorganic Vanadium Compounds
This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, or the World Health Organization. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 29 VANADIUM PENTOXIDE AND OTHER INORGANIC VANADIUM COMPOUNDS Note that the layout and pagination of this pdf file are not identical to the printed CICAD First draft prepared by Dr M. Costigan and Mr R. Cary, Health and Safety Executive, Liverpool, United Kingdom, and Dr S. Dobson, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Huntingdon, United Kingdom Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. World Health Organization Geneva, 2001 The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), established in 1980, is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management -
JAN Iia 20U T6T1/V
IN REPLY REFER TO: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON 25. D.C. November 19, 1956 AEC-193/7 Mr. Robert D. Nininger Assistant Director for Exploration Division of Bav Materials U* S. Atomic Energy Commission Washington 25, D. C, Dear Bobs Transmitted herewith are three copies of TEI-622, "The crystal chemistry and mineralogy of vanadium," by Ho-ward T. Evans, Jr. Me are asking Mr. Hosted to approve our plan to publish this report as a chapter of a Geological Survey professional paper on miner alogy and geochemistry of the ores of the Colorado Plateau. Aelrnovledg- ment of AEC sponsorship will be made in the introductory chapter* Sincerely yours, r ^ O U—— TV , Z^*i—w«__ ™~ W. H. Bradley Chief Geoldigist .JAN iia 20U T6T1/V Geology and 8$i:aeralQgy This document consists of k-2 pages* Series A» Howard T. Erans, Jr, Trace Elements Investigations Report 622 This preliminary report is distributed without editorial and technical review for conformity with official standards and nomenclature. It is not for public inspection or quotation* *This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U. S« Atomic Energy Commission* - TEI-622 AHD MIHERALQ6T Distribution (Series A) Ro. of copies Atomic Energy Commission, Washington .»**«»..*»..«*»..««..*... 2 Division of Rs¥ Materials, Albuquerque ,...****.*.«.»*.....*.. 1 Division of Raw Materials, Austin »«,..«.»...»*.»...*«..*...«» 1 Diylsion of Raw Materials, Butte *«*,.»».*..,*...».»......*.*. 1 Division of Raw Materials, Casper ............a............... 1 Division of Raw Ifeterials, Denver ,........»...».....«.,.*..... 1 Division of Raw Materials, Ishpeming .................a....... 1 Division of Raw Materials, Pnoenix ...a.....,....*........*... 1 Division of Eaw Materials, Rapid City ....................... -
Crystal Chemistry of Wulfenite (Pbmoo4) and Wolframite (Fe,Mn)WO4 Author Information – Darren A
Crystal Chemistry of Wulfenite (PbMoO4) and Wolframite (Fe,Mn)WO4 Author information – Darren A. Umbsaar Affiliation – University of Calgary Summary In this study, the crystal structure and chemistry of a selection of wulfenite (PbMoO4) and wolframite ((Fe,Mn)WO4) samples from various worldwide localities are examined. These 2+ minerals have the same general formula, ABO4, where A is a divalent metal cation (e.g. Mn , Fe2+, Pb2+, etc.) and B is a highly charged cation (W6+ or Mo6+). These minerals crystallize in two different space groups; (1) wulfenite crystallizes in the tetragonal scheelite-type structure (space group I41/a, formula units, Z, = 4), whereas (2) wolframite crystallizes in the monoclinic wolframite- type structure (space group P2/c, Z = 2). The space group symmetry and cell dimensions are largely dictated by the ionic radius of the A site cation. In general, when the A cation radius is >0.90Å the crystal will form the tetragonal scheelite-type structure, whereas an A cation radius <0.90Å will favor the monoclinic wolframite-type structure. X-ray diffraction analyses of these minerals have long been a challenge because they are composed of heavy atoms (Pb, Mo, and W) which dominate in scattering X-rays. This makes it challenging to precisely determine the atomic coordinates of oxygen, being a much lighter element with a weaker atomic scattering power. Therefore, in an effort to overcome the aforementioned obstacle, and to acquire accurate structural data for these minerals, this study uses synchrotron high resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD). The natural wulfenite specimens analyzed so far in this study from various worldwide localities are very pure in composition, with all specimens being represented by the formula: Pb0.99- 5+ 6+ 6+ 6+ 1.00Mo0.99-1.00O4. -
2012 Bmc Auction Specimens
A SAMPLER OF SELECTED 2017 BMC AUCTION SPECIMENS (2017 Auction Date is Saturday, 21 January) Volume 3 3+ Hematite [Fe 2O3] & Quartz [SiO2] Locality Cleator Moor Iron Mines Cleator Moor West Cumberland Iron Field Cumbria, England, UK Size 13.5 x 9.5 x 7.0 cm 1498 g Donated by Stonetrust Hematite Crystal System: Trigonal Photograph by Mike Haritos Physical Properties Transparency: Subtranslucent to opaque Mohs hardness: 6.5 Density: approx 5.3 gm/cm3 Streak: Red Luster: Metalic Vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl] var. Endlichite Locality Erupción Mine (Ahumada Mine) Los Lamentos Mountains (Sierra de Los Lamentos) Mun. de Ahumada Chihuahua, Mexico Size 12.0 x 9.5 x 7.0 cm 1134 g Donated by Stonetrust Crystal System: Hexagonal Physical Properties Transparency: Subtranslucent to opaque Mohs hardness: 3.5-4 Photograph by Mike Haritos Density: 6.8 to 7.1 gm/cm3 Streak: Brownish yellow Endlichite, Pb5([V, As]O4)3Cl, is the arsenic rich Luster: Adamantine variety of vanadinite with arsenic atoms (As) substituting for some of the vanadium (V) 2+ Dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] & Chalcopyrite [CuFe S2] Locality Picher Field Tri-State District Ottawa Co. Oklahoma, USA Size 19.0 x 14.5 x 6.0 cm 1892 g Consigned with Reserve by Stonetrust Dolomite Crystal System: Trigonal Physical Properties Photograph by Mike Haritos Transparency: Transparent, Translucent, Opaque Mohs hardness: 3.5 to 4 Density: 2.8 to 2.9 gm/cm3 Streak: White Luster: Vitreous Calcite [CaCO3] Locality Mexico Size 15.5 x 12.8 x 6.2 cm 1074 g Donated by Stonetrust Calcite Crystal System: Trigonal Physical Properties Transparency: Transparent, Translucent Mohs hardness: 3 Density: 2.71 gm/cm3 Streak: White Luster: Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Photograph by Mike Haritos Resinous, Waxy, Pearly Quartz [SiO2], var. -
Adsorption of RNA on Mineral Surfaces and Mineral Precipitates
Adsorption of RNA on mineral surfaces and mineral precipitates Elisa Biondi1,2, Yoshihiro Furukawa3, Jun Kawai4 and Steven A. Benner*1,2,5 Full Research Paper Open Access Address: Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 393–404. 1Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, 13709 Progress doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.42 Boulevard, Alachua, FL, 32615, USA, 2Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC, 13709 Progress Boulevard, Alachua, FL, 32615, USA, Received: 23 November 2016 3Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, 2 Chome-1-1 Accepted: 15 February 2017 Katahira, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture 980-8577, Japan, Published: 01 March 2017 4Department of Material Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama This article is part of the Thematic Series "From prebiotic chemistry to 240-8501, Japan and 5The Westheimer Institute for Science and molecular evolution". Technology, 13709 Progress Boulevard, Alachua, FL, 32615, USA Guest Editor: L. Cronin Email: Steven A. Benner* - [email protected] © 2017 Biondi et al.; licensee Beilstein-Institut. License and terms: see end of document. * Corresponding author Keywords: carbonates; natural minerals; origins of life; RNA adsorption; synthetic minerals Abstract The prebiotic significance of laboratory experiments that study the interactions between oligomeric RNA and mineral species is difficult to know. Natural exemplars of specific minerals can differ widely depending on their provenance. While laboratory-gener- ated samples of synthetic minerals can have controlled compositions, they are often viewed as "unnatural". Here, we show how trends in the interaction of RNA with natural mineral specimens, synthetic mineral specimens, and co-precipitated pairs of synthe- tic minerals, can make a persuasive case that the observed interactions reflect the composition of the minerals themselves, rather than their being simply examples of large molecules associating nonspecifically with large surfaces. -
Mottramite Pbcu(VO4)(OH) C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic
Mottramite PbCu(VO4)(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. As crystals, equant or dipyramidal {111}, prismatic [001] or [100], with {101}, {201}, many others, to 3 mm, in drusy crusts, botryoidal, usually granular to compact, massive. Physical Properties: Fracture: Small conchoidal to uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3–3.5 D(meas.) = ∼5.9 D(calc.) = 6.187 Optical Properties: Transparent to nearly opaque. Color: Grass-green, olive-green, yellow- green, siskin-green, blackish brown, nearly black. Streak: Yellowish green. Luster: Greasy. Optical Class: Biaxial (–), rarely biaxial (+). Pleochroism: Weak to strong; X = Y = canary-yellow to greenish yellow; Z = brownish yellow. Orientation: X = c; Y = b; Z = a. Dispersion: r> v,strong; rarely r< v.α= 2.17(2) β = 2.26(2) γ = 2.32(2) 2V(meas.) = ∼73◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P nma. a = 7.667–7.730 b = 6.034–6.067 c = 9.278–9.332 Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mottram St. Andrew, England; close to descloizite. 3.24 (vvs), 5.07 (vs), 2.87 (vs), 2.68 (vs), 2.66 (vs), 2.59 (vs), 1.648 (vs) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) CrO3 0.50 ZnO 0.31 10.08 P2O5 0.24 PbO 55.64 55.30 As2O5 1.33 H2O 3.57 2.23 V2O5 21.21 22.53 insol. 0.17 CuO 17.05 9.86 Total 100.02 100.00 (1) Bisbee, Arizona, USA; average of three analyses. (2) Pb(Cu, Zn)(VO4)(OH) with Zn:Cu = 1:1. -
Descloizite Pbzn(VO4)(OH) C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Descloizite PbZn(VO4)(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. As crystals, equant or pyramidal {111}, prismatic [001] or [100], or tabular {100}, with {101}, {201}, many others, rarely skeletal, to 5 cm, commonly in drusy crusts, stalactitic or botryoidal, coarsely fibrous, granular to compact, massive. Physical Properties: Fracture: Small conchoidal to uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3–3.5 D(meas.) = ∼6.2 D(calc.) = 6.202 Optical Properties: Transparent to nearly opaque. Color: Brownish red, red-orange, reddish brown to blackish brown, nearly black. Streak: Orange to brownish red. Luster: Greasy. Optical Class: Biaxial (–), rarely biaxial (+). Pleochroism: Weak to strong; X = Y = canary-yellow to greenish yellow; Z = brownish yellow. Orientation: X = c; Y = b; Z = a. Dispersion: r> v,strong; rarely r< v.α= 2.185(10) β = 2.265(10) γ = 2.35(10) 2V(meas.) = ∼90◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P nma. a = 7.593 b = 6.057 c = 9.416 Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Venus mine, [El Guaico district, C´ordobaProvince,] Argentina; close to mottramite. 3.23 (vvs), 5.12 (vs), 2.90 (vs), 2.69 (vsb), 2.62 (vsb), 1.652 (vs), 4.25 (s) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) SiO2 0.02 ZnO 19.21 10.08 As2O5 0.00 PbO 55.47 55.30 +350◦ V2O5 22.76 22.53 H2O 2.17 −350◦ FeO trace H2O 0.02 MnO trace H2O 2.23 CuO 0.56 9.86 Total 100.21 100.00 (1) Abenab, Namibia. -
Toxicological Profile for Vanadium
VANADIUM 107 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION 4.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Vanadium is a naturally occurring element that appears in group 5(B5) of the periodic table (Lide 2008). Vanadium is widely distributed in the earth’s crust at an average concentration of 100 ppm nd (approximately 100 mg/kg), similar to that of zinc and nickel (Byerrum 1991). Vanadium is the 22 most abundant element in the earth’s crust (Baroch 2006). Vanadium is found in about 65 different minerals; carnotite, roscoelite, vanadinite, and patronite are important sources of this metal along with bravoite and davidite (Baroch 2006, Lide 2008). It is also found in phosphate rock and certain ores and is present in some crude oils as organic complexes (Lide 2008). Table 4-1 lists common synonyms and other pertinent identification information for vanadium and representative vanadium compounds. 4.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Vanadium is a gray metal with a body-centered cubic crystal system. It is a member of the first transition series. Because of its high melting point, it is referred to as a refractory metal (Baroch 2006). When highly pure, it is a bright white metal that is soft and ductile. It has good structural strength and a low- fission neutron cross section. Vanadium has good corrosion resistance to alkalis, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, and salt water; however, the metal oxidizes readily above 660 °C (Lide 2008). The chemistry of vanadium compounds is related to the oxidation state of the vanadium (Woolery 2005). Vanadium has oxidation states of +2, +3, +4, and +5. When heated in air at different temperatures, it oxidizes to a brownish black trioxide, a blue black tetraoxide, or a reddish orange pentoxide. -
Ferricerite-(La) (La, Ce, Ca)9Fe (Sio4)3(Sio3oh)4(OH)3
3+ Ferricerite-(La) (La, Ce, Ca)9Fe (SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 3m. Forms boxwork-like aggregates of equant to tabular crystals flattened on [00*1] to 2 mm with dominant rhombohedral and pinacoidal faces, as pseudomorphs after an unidentified hexagonal prismatic mineral. Physical Properties: Cleavage: None. Tenacity: Brittle. Fracture: Conchoidal. Hardness = 5 D(meas.) = 4.7(1) D(calc.) = 4.74 Optical Properties: Translucent. Color: Light yellow to pinkish brown. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Uniaxial (+). ω = 1.810(5) ε = 1.820(5) Cell Data: Space Group: R3c. a = 10.7493(6) c = 38.318(3) Z = 6 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mt. Yuksporr, Khibina massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. 2.958 (100), 3.47 (40), 3.31(38), 2.833 (37), 2.689 (34), 1.949 (34), 3.53 (26) Chemistry: (1) (2) La2O3 37.57 CaO 5.09 Ce2O3 23.67 Fe2O3 1.40 Pr2O3 0.61 MgO 0.51 Nd2O3 1.48 SiO2 22.38 Sm2O3 0.10 P2O5 0.63 Gd2O3 0.24 H2O 3.20 SrO 1.97 Total 98.85 (1) Mt. Yuksporr, Khibina massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia; average electron microprobe analysis supplemented by IR spectroscopy, H2O by Penfield method; corresponds to (La4.23Ce2.65Ca1.37Sr0.35 Nd0.16Pr0.07Gd0.02Sm0.01)Σ=8.86(Fe0.32Ca0.30Mg0.23)Σ=0.85[SiO4]3[(Si0.84P0.16)Σ=1.00O3(OH)]4(OH)2.78. Mineral Group: Cerite supergroup, cerite group. Occurrence: A late-stage, low-temperature secondary phase in a symmetrically zoned, aegirine- natrolite-microcline vein in gneissose foyaite. -
Tungsten Minerals and Deposits
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 652 4"^ TUNGSTEN MINERALS AND DEPOSITS BY FRANK L. HESS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 25 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS. Page. Introduction.............................................................. , 7 Inquiries concerning tungsten......................................... 7 Survey publications on tungsten........................................ 7 Scope of this report.................................................... 9 Technical terms...................................................... 9 Tungsten................................................................. H Characteristics and properties........................................... n Uses................................................................. 15 Forms in which tungsten is found...................................... 18 Tungsten minerals........................................................ 19 Chemical and physical features......................................... 19 The wolframites...................................................... 21 Composition...................................................... 21 Ferberite......................................................... 22 Physical features.............................................. 22 Minerals of similar appearance................................. -
Mottramite, Descloizite, and Vanadinite) in the Caldbeck Area of Cumberland
289 New occurrences of vanadium minerals (mottramite, descloizite, and vanadinite) in the Caldbeck area of Cumberland. By ART~VR W. G. KINGSBURu F.G.S., Dept. of Geology and Mineralogy, University Museum, Oxford, and J. HARTLnY, B.Sc., F.G.S., Dept. of Geology, University of Leeds. [Taken as read 10 June 1954.] Summary.--Four new occurrences of vanadium minerals are described. New X-ray powder data are given for descloizite and mottramite, and show appreciable differences. Evidence is brought that the original occurrence of mottramite was not at Mottram St. Andrew, Cheshire, but Pim Hill, Shropshire, and that most if not all specimens labelled Mottram St. Andrew or Cheshire really came from Pim Hill. ANADIUM minerals are rare in the British Isles, and only two V species, mottramite (Cu, Zn)PbV0tOH and vanadinite Pbs(VO4)aC1, have so far been recorded from a limited number of localities. We do not include the vanadiferous nodules from Budleigh Salterton in Devon, as the vanadiferous mineral has not been identified. Mottramite, supposedly from Mottram St. Andrew in Cheshire, was first described in 1876,1 but we have evidence (below, p. 293) that the locality was in fact Pim Hill in Shropshire. ~ Vanadinite has so far only been found at Leadhills and Wanlockhead in Scotland. Vauquelinite has been de- scribed from Leadhills and Wanlockhead,a but the specimens have since been shown to be mottramite. 4 As a result of our investigations in the Lake District, we have found several new localities in the Caldbeck area for raottramite, deseloizite, and vanadinite. Higher part of Brandy Gill, Carroek Fell. -
Mine Gila County, Arizona
CONTACT INFORMATION Mining Records Curator Arizona Geological Survey 1520 West Adams St. Phoenix, AZ 85007 602-771-1601 http://www.azgs.az.gov [email protected] The following file is part of the Arizona Department of Mines and Mineral Resources Mining Collection ACCESS STATEMENT These digitized collections are accessible for purposes of education and research. We have indicated what we know about copyright and rights of privacy, publicity, or trademark. Due to the nature of archival collections, we are not always able to identify this information. We are eager to hear from any rights owners, so that we may obtain accurate information. Upon request, we will remove material from public view while we address a rights issue. CONSTRAINTS STATEMENT The Arizona Geological Survey does not claim to control all rights for all materials in its collection. These rights include, but are not limited to: copyright, privacy rights, and cultural protection rights. The User hereby assumes all responsibility for obtaining any rights to use the material in excess of “fair use.” The Survey makes no intellectual property claims to the products created by individual authors in the manuscript collections, except when the author deeded those rights to the Survey or when those authors were employed by the State of Arizona and created intellectual products as a function of their official duties. The Survey does maintain property rights to the physical and digital representations of the works. QUALITY STATEMENT The Arizona Geological Survey is not responsible for the accuracy of the records, information, or opinions that may be contained in the files.