DOCSLIB.ORG

(Clenbuterol) Contaminations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Clenbuterol) Contaminations Hair Testing …to provide additional evidence in doping cases of potential (clenbuterol) contaminations Detlef Thieme Institute of Doping Analysis, Dresden, Germany Beijing, Oct 2017 [M. Jahn (www.kreischa.net)] 0. Principles of Hair Testing 1. Cases: Long-Term Detection of Drugs 2. Clenbuterol: Field Study in Mexico 3. Clenbuterol WADA Project: Administration Study 4. Clenbuterol: Real Doping Cases 0. Principles of Hair Incorporation Decomposition External UV-light Wash Contamination (Steroids) Out (Cocaine) (Cortisol) pH~5 Incorporation Melanin Binding Incorporation from (Clenbuterol) from Bloodstream sweat and sebum pH=7.4 Neutral and acidic drugs Basic drugs (Steroids) (Amfetamines) 0. Segmental Analysis Positive Segment 6 cm Segment 2 3 cm Segment 1 (proximal) Time Post 1 Week 1 Months 6 Months Administration: 4 0. Clenbuterol-Application – 4 Horses Dose: 2x 0,8µg/kg KG/d, oral (10 Days) Hair collected 4 months post administration 25 BlackSchw arz1 1 BlackSchw arz2 2 20 BlackSchw arz3 3 BrownBraun 1 15 10 Konz. [pg/mg] 5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Length [cm]Haarlänge ~ Time [ months[cm] ] Individual Growth Rate Hair Color 1. Amitriptyline Case (~40 children) 120 100 80 N 60 40 hair conc. conc. hair [pg/cm] 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 Distance from root [cm] 1. Single administration of Mifegyne® • Progesterone receptor antagonist • Used for early terminating of pregnancy 1. Single administration of Mifegyne® http://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/702/how-to-do-an- abortion-with-pills--misoprostol--cytotec HOW TO GET MISOPROSTOL In some countries women can get Misoprostol at their local pharmacies and use it alone. … Sometimes it is sold over the counter without a prescription, or sometimes a prescription is required … A woman can of course also make her own prescription (see example) 1. Single administration of Mifegyne® Single Administration of 200mg Mifepristone Could be Detected in Hairs of Two Victims XIC of +MRM (Mifepristone 10pg/mg) 5.73 1000 or LC-MS/HRMS 800 Intensity XIC of +TOF Product (430.2): 372.203 to 372.253 Da from Sample 1 (14h048/1) 5.67 600 , cps 100 400 80 200 0 60 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 Time, min by LC-MS/MS 40 20 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 Time, min 96 Hair Tests in Bodybuilding Compound Hair Conc (pg/mg) Urine 29 y.o. Clenbuterol 2 n.d. Male Boldenone 3 n.d. bodybuilder Boldenone Undecylenate 400 bleached Drostanolone 4 Drostanolone hair 0-3 cm Drostanolone Enantate 30 Metandienone 220 Metandienone-Mb ~160 Nandrolone doping agents Phenylpropionate 145 Norandrosterone confiscated Stanozolol 43 OH-Stano Testosterone Enantate 500 Trenbolone 15 Epi-Trenbolone Trenbolone Acetate 10 Trenbolone Enantate 270 Tamoxifen 150 n.d. Anastrozol 85 Anastrozol Testosterone 500 T/E Fluoxymesterone n.d. Mb. Findings in Hairs of Presumptive Steroid Users No of cases Anabolic Steroid 2500 96 Hair Samples Confiscations Testosterone Enantate 29 561 Metandienone 24 206 Testosterone Propionate 24 558 Clenbuterol 8 59 Trenbolone Acetate 8 174 Stanozolol 7 116 Trenbolone Enantate 7 194 Drostanolone Propionate 4 35 Boldenone Undecylenate 3 125 Nandrolone Decanoate 3 134 Testosterone Decanoate 3 64 Testosterone Phenylpropionate 3 57 Drostanolone Enantate 2 45 Nandrolone Phenylpropionate 1 36 Testosterone Cypionate 1 81 Correlation between Urine and Hair (96 Cases) Hair (214 findings) pos neg Urine pos 56.5 % 27.1 % neg 16.4 % (9 cases) 2. Field Study Mexico (FIFA) Samples Team- positive findings Average conc. Max collected Classification (%) [pg/mg] [pg/mg] [n] U20 19 18 (94.7) 0.18 1.29 U17 24 20 (83.3) 0.37 1.79 local 20 18 (90.0) 0.49 1.90 2. Clenbuterol Hair Concentrations 26 25 20 16 15 10 10 number of findings 7 5 3 1 0 hair clenbuterol [pg/mg] 2. Field Study Mexico Clenbuterol Profiles long-term contamination! 3. Administration Study (WADA) ADI (JECFA, 1998) 0.004 µg/kg/d Admin Study (Average) 0.02 µg/kg/d Therapy 0.4 µg/kg/d Abuse (?) 1-2 µg/kg/d 3. Dosage vs. Serum Level Therapeutic~300-600pg/mL 100 90 80 70 60 50 serum Clenbuterol [pg/ml] 40 30 20 10 0 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 applied Clenbuterol µg/kg body weight 3. Clenbuterol Hair Concentrations 4.0 3.0 2.0 Hair Hair Clenbuterol [pg/mg] 1.0 .0 study person 4. Clenbuterol Cases (before 2012, LOD=0.9 pg/mg) Code Discipline Urine Hair Hair Concentration 12D002 Cycling 02.09.11 04.01.12 0-2,5cm: neg 50pg/ml Head Hair (dark brown); 2,5-5cm: neg 5-7,5cm: neg 10D171 Table Tennis ? 06.10.10 0-2cm: neg Head Hair (brown); 2-5cm: neg 10D151 Table Tennis ? 24.09.10 0-2cm: neg Head Hair (dark blond); 2-4cm: neg 4. Clenbuterol Cases (after 2012, LOD=0.02 pg/mg) Code Discipline Urine Hair Hair Concentration 14h082 Cycling ? 01.12.14 0-1,5cm: neg Head Hair (dark brown); 1,5-4cm: neg 14h026 (FIFA, ? 22.04.14 0-2cm: trace Guatemala) Head Hair (dark brown); 14h027 (FIFA, ? 22.04.14 0-3cm: 0,5pg/mg Guatemala) Head Hair (dark brown); 13h0039 (FIFA, ? 29.03.13 0-0,5cm: neg Guatemala) Head Hair (black); 13h0040 (FIFA, ? 29.03.13 0-3cm: neg Guatemala) Head Hair (dark brown); 13h0041 (FIFA, ? 29.03.13 0-5cm: neg Guatemala) Head Hair (dark brown); 13h0042 (FIFA, ? 29.03.13 0-3cm: 0,03pg/mg Guatemala) Head Hair (dark brown); 13h0043 (FIFA, ? 29.03.13 0-3cm: 0,06pg/mg; Guatemala) Head Hair (black); 3-6cm: 0,06pg/mg; 6-9cm: 0,08pg/mg 4 Cases Track Cycling 1. Female Urine (OOC, 11.12.13): Clenbuterol 0,02 ng/ml Hair (22.01.14): Head Hair, brown 0-2 cm / 2-4 cm / 4-6 cm all segments negative 2. Male Urine (OOC, 12.12.13): Clenbuterol 0,08 ng/ml Hair (22.01.14) Head-hair, dark brown 0-2 cm: 0,08 pg/mg Clenbuterol (November 2013 – January 2014) 2-4 cm: negative 3. Male Urine (23.01.14): Clenbuterol 0,13 ng/ml Hair (17.03.14): Pubic Hair, dark blond 0-2 cm: negative 4. Discrimination Power of Hair Testing for Clenbuterol 30 ADMIN~5*ADI 25 20 15 10 Abuse Cases: Lit: 15-122 pg/mg 5 IDAS: 10-90 pg/mg 0 0.09 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 4. Discrimination Power of Hair Testing for Clenbuterol 30 MEX_FIELD 25 ADMIN~5*ADI 20 15 10 Abuse Cases: Lit: 15-122 pg/mg 5 IDAS: 10-90 pg/mg 0 0.09 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 4. Discrimination Power of Hair Testing for Clenbuterol 30 MEX_FIELD ADMIN~5*ADI 25 CASES 20 15 10 Abuse Cases: Lit: 15-122 pg/mg 5 IDAS: 10-90 pg/mg 0 0.09 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 4. Clenbuterol Cases Code Discipline Urine Hair Hair Concentration 15h001 Weightlifting 13.11.14 10.01.15 0-2cm: 20pg/mg; (WM Women) 38 pg/ml Head Hair (brown, 2-4cm: 18pg/mg colorized); 15h002 Weightlifting 10.11.14 10.01.15 0-2cm: 23pg/mg; 50 pg/ml Head Hair (dark brown); 2-4cm: 18pg/mg 15h003 Weightlifting 09.11.14 10.01.15 0-2cm: 86pg/mg; 100 pg/ml Head Hair (black); 2-4cm: 81pg/mg Hair Testing potentially suitable to confirm Clenbuterol Doping at low urinary concentrations!!! Case report: Possession of… • Testosterone-enantate, Testosteronepropionate, Testosteronecypionate, Testosteroneisocaproate, Testosteronephenylpropionate, Testosteronedecanoate • Trenboloneacetate, Trenbolone-enantate, Trenbolonehexahydrobenzoate • Metenolone-enantate, • Nandrolonedecanoate, • Boldenoneundecylenate, • Oxandrolone, • Metandienone, • Oxymetholone, • Fluoxymesterone, • Methyltestosterone • Stanozolol • Tamoxifen • Clenbuterol • Somatropin, GH-Fragment 176-191, mod- GRF Urine Test • Elevated TE (microbial degradation) • LH < 0,1 mIU/ml; • Norandrosterone, Noretiocholanolone (high) • Drostanolone (metabolite,low) Hair Test • Boldenone (6 pg/mg), • Clenbuterol (6 pg/mg) • Metandienone (9 pg/mg), • Nandrolone (7 pg/mg), • Testosteron-Propionate (7 pg/mg) • Testosterone 6 pg/mg > normal Summary • Hair Testing lacks sensitivity but gains retrospection. Follow up possible weeks after urine test (if hair is available) • (Dark) hair concentration of clenbuterol are comparatively well dose related. • High Discrimination Power between Low (5*ADI) and Hi (Abuse) cases. • A proposed threshold of 1…5 pg/mg clenbuterol in hair could contribute to discriminate most of the pending clenbuterol cases. • Increasing reporting levels of clenbuterol would cause potential disregarding real (even excessive) cases. • Estimated Clenbuterol Contamination Dosages in high risk areas (Mexico) correspond to administrations in the order of magnitude of 2 * ADI. Acknowledgements • Administration Study was funded by WADA • Field Study funded by FIFA (logistically supported by Mexican Football Federation) • Administration study was accomplished by Lena Gfrerer at the Institute of Legal Medicine (Munich University) • Analytical work was carried out by Aniko Krumbholz and Patricia Anielski (IDAS Dresden). .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Simple Toxicological Analysis of Anabolic Steroid Preparations from the Black Market
    Ann Toxicol Anal. 2012; 24(2): 67-72 Available online at: c Société Française de Toxicologie Analytique 2012 www.ata-journal.org DOI: 10.1051/ata/2012011 Original article / Article original A simple toxicological analysis of anabolic steroid preparations from the black market Analyse toxicologique simple de stéroïdiens anabolisants provenant de marchés parallèles Manuela Pellegrini, Maria Concetta Rotolo, Rita Di Giovannadrea, Roberta Pacifici, Simona Pichini Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Via le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy Abstract – Objectives: A simple and rapid gas chromatography (GC) method with mass spectrometry (MS) detection was developed for the identification and quantification of anabolic steroids in pharmaceutical preparations from the black market. Material and Methods: After a liquid-liquid extraction of pharmaceutical products at acidic, neutral and basic pH with chloroform-isopropanol (9:1, v/v), the different steroids were separated by fused silica capillary column and detected by electron impact (EI)-MS in positive ionization mode. Results and Conclusion: The assay was validated in the range from 10 mg to 250 mg/g powder preparations and 0.02 mg to 200 mg/mL liquid preparations with good determination coefficients (r2 0.99) for the calibration curves. At three concentrations spanning the linear dynamic ranges of the calibration curves, mean recoveries were always higher than 90% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision and accuracy were always better than 15%. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of 15 pharmaceutical preparations sold by illegal sources. In only two cases the content was the one reported on the labels.
    [Show full text]
  • Steroids 78 (2013) 44–52
    Steroids 78 (2013) 44–52 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Steroids journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/steroids Alternative long-term markers for the detection of methyltestosterone misuse ⇑ C. Gómez a,b, O.J. Pozo a, J. Marcos a,b, J. Segura a,b, R. Ventura a,b, a Bioanalysis Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain b Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain article info abstract Article history: Methyltestosterone (MT) is one of the most frequently detected anabolic androgenic steroids in doping Received 21 May 2012 control analysis. MT misuse is commonly detected by the identification of its two main metabolites Received in revised form 28 September excreted as glucuronide conjugates, 17a-methyl-5a-androstan-3a,17b-diol and 17a-methyl-5b-andro- 2012 stan-3a,17b-diol. The detection of these metabolites is normally performed by gas chromatography–mass Accepted 10 October 2012 spectrometry, after previous hydrolysis with b-glucuronidase enzymes, extraction and derivatization Available online 2 November 2012 steps. The aim of the present work was to study the sulphate fraction of MT and to evaluate their potential to improve the detection of the misuse of the drug in sports. MT was administered to healthy volunteers Keywords: and urine samples were collected up to 30 days after administration. After an extraction with ethyl ace- Methyltestosterone Sulphate tate, urine extracts were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using electro- Metabolism spray ionisation in negative mode by monitoring the transition m/z 385 to m/z 97. Three diol sulphate LC–MS/MS metabolites (S1, S2 and S3) were detected.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Product Insert (PDF)
    Product Information Boldenone Cypionate Item No. 15158 CAS Registry No.: 106505-90-2 O Formal Name: 17β-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one O cyclopentanepropionate MF: C27H38O3 FW: 410.6 H Purity: ≥95% Stability: ≥2 years at -20°C H H Supplied as: A crystalline solid λ O UV/Vis.: max: 244 nm Laboratory Procedures For long term storage, we suggest that boldenone cypionate be stored as supplied at -20°C. It should be stable for at least two years. Boldenone cypionate is supplied as a crystalline solid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the boldenone cypionate in the solvent of choice. Boldenone cypionate is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide, which should be purged with an inert gas. The solubility of boldenone cypionate in these solvents is approximately 15, 5, and 25 mg/ml, respectively. Boldenone cypionate is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. For maximum solubility in aqueous buffers, boldenone cypionate should first be dissolved in ethanol and then diluted with the aqueous buffer of choice. Boldenone cypionate has a solubility of approximately 0.3 mg/ml in a 1:2 solution of ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) using this method. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day. Boldenone is an anabolic androgenic steroid and synthetic derivative of testosterone that was originally developed for veterinary use.1 It can increase nitrogen retention, protein synthesis, and appetite, and also stimulates the release of erythropoietin in the kidneys.1 Boldenone cypionate was synthesized as an ester of boldenone in an attempt to alter boldenone’s very long half-life.2 Anabolic androgenic steroid compounds such as boldenone cypionate have been used illicitly by bodybuilders and other athletes.3 This compound is intended for forensic and research purposes only.
    [Show full text]
  • Properties and Units in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
    Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 479–552, 2000. © 2000 IUPAC INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE SCIENTIFIC DIVISION COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE, PROPERTIES, AND UNITS (C-NPU)# and INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY AND HUMAN HEALTH DIVISION CLINICAL CHEMISTRY SECTION COMMISSION ON NOMENCLATURE, PROPERTIES, AND UNITS (C-NPU)§ PROPERTIES AND UNITS IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES PART XII. PROPERTIES AND UNITS IN CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY (Technical Report) (IFCC–IUPAC 1999) Prepared for publication by HENRIK OLESEN1, DAVID COWAN2, RAFAEL DE LA TORRE3 , IVAN BRUUNSHUUS1, MORTEN ROHDE1, and DESMOND KENNY4 1Office of Laboratory Informatics, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Drug Control Centre, London University, King’s College, London, UK; 3IMIM, Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona, Spain; 4Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Our Lady’s Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland #§The combined Memberships of the Committee and the Commission (C-NPU) during the preparation of this report (1994–1996) were as follows: Chairman: H. Olesen (Denmark, 1989–1995); D. Kenny (Ireland, 1996); Members: X. Fuentes-Arderiu (Spain, 1991–1997); J. G. Hill (Canada, 1987–1997); D. Kenny (Ireland, 1994–1997); H. Olesen (Denmark, 1985–1995); P. L. Storring (UK, 1989–1995); P. Soares de Araujo (Brazil, 1994–1997); R. Dybkær (Denmark, 1996–1997); C. McDonald (USA, 1996–1997). Please forward comments to: H. Olesen, Office of Laboratory Informatics 76-6-1, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the source, along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC, and the year of publication, are prominently visible.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids on Apolipoproteins and Lipoprotein (A) F Hartgens, G Rietjens, H a Keizer, H Kuipers, B H R Wolffenbuttel
    253 Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.2003.000199 on 21 May 2004. Downloaded from ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids on apolipoproteins and lipoprotein (a) F Hartgens, G Rietjens, H A Keizer, H Kuipers, B H R Wolffenbuttel ............................................................................................................................... Br J Sports Med 2004;38:253–259. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2003.000199 Objectives: To investigate the effects of two different regimens of androgenic-anabolic steroid (AAS) administration on serum lipid and lipoproteins, and recovery of these variables after drug cessation, as indicators of the risk for cardiovascular disease in healthy male strength athletes. Methods: In a non-blinded study (study 1) serum lipoproteins and lipids were assessed in 19 subjects who self administered AASs for eight or 14 weeks, and in 16 non-using volunteers. In a randomised double blind, placebo controlled design, the effects of intramuscular administration of nandrolone decanoate (200 mg/week) for eight weeks on the same variables in 16 bodybuilders were studied (study 2). Fasting serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-cholesterol (HDL2- C), HDL3-cholesterol (HDL3-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) were determined. Results: In study 1 AAS administration led to decreases in serum concentrations of HDL-C (from 1.08 (0.30) to 0.43 (0.22) mmol/l), HDL2-C (from 0.21 (0.18) to 0.05 (0.03) mmol/l), HDL3-C (from 0.87 (0.24) to 0.40 (0.20) mmol/l, and Apo-A1 (from 1.41 (0.27) to 0.71 (0.34) g/l), whereas Apo-B increased from 0.96 (0.13) to 1.32 (0.28) g/l.
    [Show full text]
  • Androgenic-Anabolic Steroid (Boldenone)
    Genera of l P l r a a n c r t u i c o e J Kalmanovich et al., J Gen Pract 2014, 2:3 Journal of General Practice DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126.1000153 ISSN: 2329-9126 Case Report Open Access Androgenic-Anabolic Steroid (Boldenone) Abuse as a Cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Eran Kalmanovich*, Sa'ar Minha, Marina Leitman, Zvi Vered and Alex Blatt Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Aviv University, Israel *Corresponding author: Eran Kalmanovich, Department of Cardiology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Tel: +972-50-5191121; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Feb 27, 2014, Accepted date: Mar 27, 2014, Published date: Apr 3, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Kalmanovich E, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Case Presentation At admission 1-year follow up A 34-year old, previously healthy male, presented to the ER with EF% 20% 40% worsening dyspnea over a period of three weeks and the appearance of blood tinged sputum. Soon after presentation, the patient was LA diameter (mm) 3.9 3.8 hypoxemic and required mechanical ventilation. Chest X-ray LA area (cm2) 14.0 20 demonstrated bilateral infiltrates and he was admitted to the ICU with the tentative diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. LVEDD (cm) 6.1 5.6 Investigation by PICCO, Suggested the presence of heart failure were LVESD (cm) 5.1 3.3 and the patient was transferred to the ICCU.
    [Show full text]
  • MMC International BV
    M.M.C. International Steroid Substances Steroid Test A Colour Steroid Test B Colour Steroid Test B Colour with UV Light Stanozolol/ Oxandrolone Test Clenbuterol/ Oxymetholone Test Ephedrine Test Alfadolone Orange Yellow Nil - - - Androsterone Orange Yellow White - - - Beclometasone Brown–yellow Orange Nil - - - Betamethasone Orange–brown Pink–Orange Nil - - - Boldenone Base (Equipoise, Ganabol) (pure powder) Warm red after 2 min. Dark Orange after 2 min. Bright Light Orange - - - Boldenone Undecanoate (oil) Dark brownish-red Dark Red Bright Light Orange - - - Boldenone Undecylenate (oil) Orange - Light Brown Dark Orange → Brown Bright Light Orange-Yellow - - - Carbenoxolone (CBX) Orange Yellow Yellow - - - Cholesterol Violet Orange White - - - Clenbuterol (Spiropent, Ventipulmin) - - - - Purple - Dark brown with yellow-green on the Dark brown with yellow-green on the Clomiphene (Androxal, Clomid, Omifin) Nil Dark brown to black No reaction Dark brown to black sides of the ampoule sides of the ampoule Cortisone Orange Yellow Green - - - Desoxycortone Blue–black Yellow Yellow - - - Dexamethasone Yellow Orange–pink Nil - - - Dienestrol Yellow Orange–red Nil - - - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Orange (→yellow–green) Nil - - - Dimethisterone Brown–green Orange–red Yellow - - - Drostanolone Propionate (Masteron) (oil) Bright green Yellow-Orange Orange - - - Dydrogesterone (Duphaston) - Orange Green-Yellow - - - Enoxolone Orange Yellow Green-Yellow - - - Ephedrine (also for Pseudo- and Nor-Ephedrine) - - - - - Orange Estradiol (Oestradiol) Orange
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0296.191 A1 PATEL Et Al
    US 20140296.191A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0296.191 A1 PATEL et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 2, 2014 (54) COMPOSITIONS OF PHARMACEUTICAL (52) U.S. Cl. ACTIVES CONTAINING DETHYLENE CPC ............... A61K 47/10 (2013.01); A61 K9/0019 GLYCOL MONOETHYLETHER OR OTHER (2013.01); A61 K9/0048 (2013.01); A61 K ALKYL DERVATIVES 45/06 (2013.01) USPC ........... 514/167: 514/177; 514/178: 514/450; (71) Applicant: THEMIS MEDICARE LIMITED, 514/334: 514/226.5: 514/449; 514/338; Mumbai (IN) 514/256; 514/570; 514/179; 514/174: 514/533; (72) Inventors: Dinesh Shantilal PATEL, Mumbai (IN); 514/629; 514/619 Sachin Dinesh PATEL, Mumbai (IN); Shashikant Prabhudas KURANI, Mumbai (IN); Madhavlal Govindlal (57) ABSTRACT PATEL, Mumbai (IN) (73) Assignee: THEMIS MEDICARE LIMITED, The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions Mumbai (IN) of various pharmaceutical actives, especially lyophilic and hydrophilic actives containing Diethylene glycol monoethyl (21) Appl. No.: 14/242,973 ether or other alkyl derivatives thereofas a primary vehicle and/or to pharmaceutical compositions utilizing Diethylene (22) Filed: Apr. 2, 2014 glycol monoethyl ether or other alkyl derivatives thereofas a primary vehicle or as a solvent system in preparation of Such (30) Foreign Application Priority Data pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical composi Apr. 2, 2013 (IN) ......................... 1287/MUMA2013 tions of the present invention are safe, non-toxic, exhibits enhanced physical stability compared to conventional formu Publication Classification lations containing such pharmaceutical actives and are Suit able for use as injectables for intravenous and intramuscular (51) Int. Cl. administration, as well as for use as a preformed solution/ A647/ (2006.01) liquid for filling in and preparation of capsules, tablets, nasal A6 IK 45/06 (2006.01) sprays, gargles, dermal applications, gels, topicals, liquid oral A6 IK9/00 (2006.01) dosage forms and other dosage forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapport 2008
    rapport 2008 Reseptregisteret 2004-2007 The Norwegian Prescription Database 2004-2007 Marit Rønning Christian Lie Berg Kari Furu Irene Litleskare Solveig Sakshaug Hanne Strøm Rapport 2008 Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt/ The Norwegian Institute of Public Health Tittel/Title: Reseptregisteret 2004-2007 The Norwegian Prescription Database 2004-2007 Redaktør/Editor: Marit Rønning Forfattere/Authors: Christian Lie Berg Kari Furu Irene Litleskare Marit Rønning Solveig Sakshaug Hanne Strøm Publisert av/Published by: Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt Postboks 4404 Nydalen NO-0403 Norway Tel: + 47 21 07 70 00 E-mail: [email protected] www.fhi.no Design: Per Kristian Svendsen Layout: Grete Søimer Acknowledgement: Julie D.W. Johansen (English version) Forsideillustrasjon/Front page illustration: Colourbox.com Trykk/Print: Nordberg Trykk AS Opplag/ Number printed: 1200 Bestilling/Order: [email protected] Fax: +47-21 07 81 05 Tel: +47-21 07 82 00 ISSN: 0332-6535 ISBN: 978-82-8082-252-9 trykt utgave/printed version ISBN: 978-82-8082-253-6 elektronisk utgave/electronic version 2 Rapport 2008 • Folkehelseinstituttet Forord Bruken av legemidler i befolkningen er økende. En viktig målsetting for norsk legemiddelpolitikk er rasjonell legemiddelbruk. En forutsetning for arbeidet med å optimalisere legemiddelbruken i befolkningen er kunnskap om hvilke legemidler som brukes, hvem som bruker legemidlene og hvordan de brukes. For å få bedre kunnskap på dette området, vedtok Stortinget i desember 2002 å etablere et nasjonalt reseptbasert legemiddelregister (Reseptregisteret). Oppgaven med å etablere registeret ble gitt til Folkehelseinstituttet som fra 1. januar 2004 har mottatt månedlige opplysninger fra alle apotek om utlevering av legemidler til pasienter, leger og institusjoner. Denne rapporten er første utgave i en planlagt årlig statistikk fra Reseptregisteret.
    [Show full text]
  • Steroid Abuse by School Age Children
    epartment .D of .S Ju U s t ic U.S. Department of Justice e . n o i Drug Enforcement Administration t a r t is D in Office of Diversion Control r m ug d E t A nforcemen www.dea.gov www.DEAdiversion.usdoj.gov epartment .D of .S Ju U s t ic e . n o i t a r t is D in r m ug d E t A nforcemen Office of Diversion Control www.dea.gov STEROID ABUSE BY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN nce viewed as a problem strictly associated with body builders, Ofitness “buffs,” and professional athletes, abuse of anabolic steroids by school age children has significantly increased over the past decade. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) estimates that more than a half million 8th and 10th grade students are now using these dangerous drugs, and increasing numbers of high school seniors do not believe steroids are risky. Students are acquiring and taking anabolic steroids without any knowledge of the dangers associated with steroid abuse. The short- term adverse physical effects of anabolic steroid abuse are fairly well known. However, the long-term adverse physical effects of anabolic steroid abuse have not been studied, and as such, are not known. In addition, this type of abuse may result in harmful side-effects as well as serious injury and death. The abuser in most cases is unaware of these hidden dangers. Presented as a public service by: This guide will help you understand why steroids are being misused, Drug Enforcement Administration and how you can provide counseling and implement procedures to Office of Diversion Control educate our youth about the dangers of these drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of the Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Nandrolone on Cannabinoid
    Neuropharmacology 50 (2006) 788e806 www.elsevier.com/locate/neuropharm Influence of the anabolic-androgenic steroid nandrolone on cannabinoid dependence Evelyne Ce´le´rier a, Therese Ahdepil b, Helena Wikander b, Fernando Berrendero a, Fred Nyberg b, Rafael Maldonado a,* a Laboratori of Neurofarmacologia, Facultat de Cie´ncies de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain b Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Uppsala, Box 591 Biomedicum, S751 24 Uppsala, Sweden Received 8 April 2005; received in revised form 29 November 2005; accepted 29 November 2005 Abstract The identification of the possible factors that might enhance the risk of developing drug addiction and related motivational disorders is crucial to reduce the prevalence of these problems. Here, we examined in mice whether the exposure to the anabolic-androgenic steroid nandrolone would affect the pharmacological and motivational effects induced by D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa. Mice received nandrolone using pre-exposure (during 14 days before THC treatment) or co-administration (1 h before each THC injection) procedures. Both nandrolone treatments did not modify the acute antinociceptive, hypothermic and hypolocomotor effects of THC or the development of tolerance after chronic THC administration. Nandrolone pre-exposure blocked THC- and food-induced condi- tioned place preference and increased the somatic manifestations of THC withdrawal precipitated by the CB1 cannabinoid antagonist rimona- bant (SR141617A). The aversive effects of THC were not changed by nandrolone. Furthermore, nandrolone pre-exposure attenuated the anxiolytic-like effects of a low dose of THC without altering the anxiogenic-like effects of a high dose in the lit/dark box, open field and elevated plus-maze.
    [Show full text]
  • Ameliorative Effects of Lycopene Against Boldenone Undecylenate Toxicity in Albino Rats
    BENHA VETERINARY MEDICAL JOURNAL, VOL. 35, NO. 2: 237-249, DECEMBER , 2018 BENHA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Ameliorative Effects of Lycopene against Boldenone Undecylenate Toxicity in Albino Rats Sabra H.M., El-Shawarby R.M., Abosalem M., Nabila M. A., Ibrahim S.S. Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. Faculty of Veterinary. Medicine. Benha University. A B S T R A C T Although anabolic androgenic steroids like boldenone (BOL) may increase lean muscle mass, strength, and the ability to train longer and harder, the serious side effects of steroid are many and may not be reversible. So, the present study was designed to investigate the role of lycopene in improving the oxidative stress of boldenone in male albino rats. Twenty eight male adult rats were equally divided into four groups.1st group (control) that received olive oil once a week (5 mg/kg intramuscularly). 2nd group includes rats received lycopene daily (orally, 60mg/kg body weight). 3rd group includes animals that received intramuscular injections of boldenone once a week (5 mg/Kg body weight). 4th group was co-treated with boldenone and lycopene with the same previous doses of both, the experiment extended for 5 weeks. Intramuscular injection of rats with caused significant increase in total weight gain (TWG), serum total protein and globulin, malandialdehyde (MDA), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), total protein in skeletal muscle, when compared with the control group. On the other hand, a significant decrease in albumin, Albumin/Globulin (A\G) ratio and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in boldenone group when compared with the control group.
    [Show full text]