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National Park Service U.S National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Vascular Plant Inventory for Lewis and Clark National Historical Park Public Version Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/LEWI/NRTR—2012/603.N ON THE COVER Headland at Cape Disappointment Photograph by: Lindsey Koepke Wise Vascular Plant Inventory for Lewis and Clark National Historical Park Public Version Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/LEWI/NRTR—2012/603.N Lindsey Koepke Wise Oregon Biodiversity Information Center Institute for Natural Resources / INR Portland State University P.O. Box 751 Portland, OR 97207 Jimmy Kagan Oregon Biodiversity Information Center Institute for Natural Resources / INR Portland State University P.O. Box 751 Portland, OR 97207 July 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available from the Lewis and Clark National Historical Park website (http://www.nps.gov/lewi/naturescience/plants.htm), the North Coast and Cascades Network Inventory and Monitoring website (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/nccn/reportpubs.cfm), and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm). Please cite this publication as: Wise, L. K., and J. Kagan. 2012. Vascular plant inventory for Lewis and Clark National Historical Park: Public version. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/LEWI/NRTR— 2012/603.N. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 405/115905, July 2012 ii Contents Page Figures........................................................................................................................................... vii Tables ............................................................................................................................................. ix Appendices ..................................................................................................................................... xi Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ xiii Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................ xiv 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and justification ....................................................................................... 2 1.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Study area .................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 History and setting .................................................................................................. 2 1.3.2 Geology and Climate .............................................................................................. 5 1.3.3 Vegetation ............................................................................................................... 5 1.3.4 Previous botanical studies ...................................................................................... 8 2 Methods........................................................................................................................................ 9 3 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 11 3.1 Summary of the flora of Lewis and Clark National Historical Park ......................... 11 3.2 Lifeform and biogeographical diversity .................................................................... 11 3.3 Plant communities of special concern ....................................................................... 12 3.3.1 Carex macrocephala Herbaceous Vegetation ...................................................... 14 3.3.2 Picea sitchensis/Carex obnupta – Lysichiton americanus Forest ........................ 14 3.3.3 Festuca rubra Coastal Headland.......................................................................... 15 3.3.4 Calamagrostis nutkaensis – Elymus glaucus Perennial Grassland ..................... 16 3.3.5 Carex lyngbyei – Argentina egedii Herbaceous Vegetation ................................. 17 iii Contents (continued) Page 3.3.6 Salicornia virginica Herbaceous Vegetation ........................................................ 17 3.4 Rare or sensitive plant species ................................................................................... 18 3.4.1 Baccharis pilularis – coyotebrush ........................................................................ 19 3.4.2 Callitriche hermaphroditica – autumnal water starwort...................................... 19 3.4.3 Carex brevicaulis – short-stemmed sedge ............................................................ 19 3.4.4 Carex macrocephala – big-headed sedge ............................................................. 19 3.4.5 Hydrocotyle ranunculoides – floating marsh-pennywort ..................................... 21 3.4.6 Lilaea scilloides – flowering quillwort ................................................................. 21 3.4.7 Poa unilateralis – ocean-bluff bluegrass .............................................................. 21 3.4.8 Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus – water-pimpernel ........................................ 21 3.4.9 Sidalcea hendersonii – Henderson’s sidalcea ...................................................... 21 3.4.10 Viola adunca – early blue violet ....................................................................... 21 3.5 Non-native species ........................................................................................................... 22 3.5.1 Cirsium arvense – Canada thistle ......................................................................... 24 3.5.2 Daphne laureola – spurge laurel .......................................................................... 24 3.5.3 Geranium lucidum – shining geranium ................................................................ 25 3.5.4 Geranium robertianum – herb robert ................................................................... 25 3.5.5 Hedera helix – English ivy .................................................................................... 25 3.5.6 Ilex aquifolium – English holly ............................................................................. 25 3.5.7 Iris pseudacorus – yellow flag iris ........................................................................ 25 3.5.8 Lathyrus latifolius – everlasting peavine .............................................................. 26 3.5.9 Lonicera periclymenum – European honeysuckle ................................................ 26 3.5.10 Lythrum salicaria – purple loosestrife .............................................................. 26 iv Contents (continued) Page 3.5.11 Myriophyllum aquaticum – parrot feather watermilfoil ................................... 27 3.5.12 Nymphaea odorata – American white waterlily ............................................... 27 3.5.13 Phragmites australis – common reed ............................................................... 27 3.5.14 Polygonum cuspidatum – Japanese knotweed .................................................. 28 3.5.15 Ranunculus ficaria – fig buttercup ................................................................... 28 3.5.16 Sorbus aucuparia – European mountain ash.................................................... 28 3.5.17 Ulex europaeus – gorse .................................................................................... 28 3.5.18 Other non-native plants of interest ..................................................................
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