Evidence Review E: Postnatal Management of Hypertension
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National Institute for Health and Care Excellence FINAL Hypertension in pregnancy [E] Evidence review for postnatal management of hypertension NICE guideline NG133 Evidence review June 2019 FINAL This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Alliance hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists FINAL Error! No text of specified style in document. Disclaimer The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian. Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties. NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the Welsh Government, Scottish Government, and Northern Ireland Executive. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn. Copyright © NICE 2019. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of Rights ISBN: 978-1-4731-3434-8 FINAL Content Contents Review question: What is the optimal management of hypertension for women during the postnatal period? .................................................................................. 6 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 6 Summary of the protocol ....................................................................................... 6 Methods and process ............................................................................................ 7 Clinical evidence ................................................................................................... 7 Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review ................................. 7 Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review ............... 12 Economic evidence ............................................................................................. 12 Evidence statements ........................................................................................... 13 Comparison 1. Beta blockers / mixed alpha-beta blockers versus centrally acting α2-adrenoceptor agonists .............................................................. 13 Comparison 2. Beta blockers versus beta blockers. ............................................ 13 Comparison 2.1 Atenolol versus metoprolol ........................................................ 13 Comparison 2.2 Atenolol versus propranolol ....................................................... 14 Comparison 3. Beta blockers/mixed alpha-beta blockers versus placebo ............ 14 Comparison 4. Centrally acting α2-adrenoceptor agonists versus ACE inhibitors .................................................................................................. 14 Comparison 5. Calcium channel blockers versus placebo/ low sodium diet ......... 15 Comparison 6. Calcium channel blockers versus beta blockers .......................... 15 Comparison 7. Diuretics versus placebo/no intervention ..................................... 16 Comparison 8. Vasodilators versus beta blockers / mixed alpha-beta blockers ... 16 Beta-blockers (non-comparative studies)............................................................. 16 Calcium channel blockers (non-comparative studies) .......................................... 17 The committee’s discussion of the evidence ........................................................ 17 References .......................................................................................................... 20 Appendices ........................................................................................................................ 23 Appendix A – Review protocol ...................................................................................... 23 Appendix B – Literature search strategies .................................................................... 31 Review question search strategies ...................................................................... 31 Databases: Medline; Medline EPub Ahead of Print; and Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations .................................................................... 31 Database: Embase; and Embase Classic ............................................................ 33 Databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; and Health Technology Assessment ........................................... 35 Health economics search strategies .................................................................... 37 Databases: Medline; Medline EPub Ahead of Print; and Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations .................................................................... 37 4 FINAL Content Databases: Embase; and Embase Classic .......................................................... 39 Databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Health Technology Assessment; and NHS Economic Evaluation Database ........................... 42 Appendix C – Clinical evidence study selection ............................................................ 44 Appendex D – Clinical evidence tables ......................................................................... 45 Appendix E – Forest plots............................................................................................. 84 Appendix F – GRADE tables ........................................................................................ 85 Appendix G – Economic evidence study selection ...................................................... 106 Appendix H – Economic evidence tables .................................................................... 107 Appendix I – Health economic evidence profiles ......................................................... 108 Appendix J – Health economic analysis ...................................................................... 110 Appendix K – Excluded studies .................................................................................. 111 Clinical studies .................................................................................................. 111 Economic studies .............................................................................................. 116 Appendix L – Research recommendations ................................................................. 117 5 FINAL Postnatal management of hypertension Review question: What is the optimal management of hypertension for women during the postnatal period? Introduction Hypertension in the postnatal period affects several groups of women, including those with chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Hypertension may also present for the first time in the postnatal period. Regardless of the different underlying causes and clinical presentations, treatment of hypertension is broadly similar. There is limited information about the use of antihypertensive drugs in the postnatal period, particularly in women who choose to breastfeed, and some antihypertensive drugs are contraindicated or must be used with caution by women who are breastfeeding. The choice of medication should therefore be discussed with women requiring antihypertensive drugs so that women can make informed choices. Encouraging and supporting breastfeeding is a key priority for maternity care providers. The aim of this review is to identify the efficacy and safety of different antihypertensives for the management of hypertension in the postnatal period. Summary of the protocol See Table 1 for a summary of the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review. Table 1: Summary of the protocol (PICO table) Population Postnatal women who require antihypertensive treatment up to 6 weeks after delivery Intervention Beta blockers / mixed alpha-beta blockers Centrally acting α2-adrenoceptor agonists Calcium channel blockers Angiotensin receptor blockers Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Diuretics Vasodilators Comparison Other antihypertensive agents Placebo No treatment Outcome Critical outcomes: Outcomes for women o Blood pressure (BP) control Outcomes for babies o Neonatal complications: - Hypoglycaemia - Hypothermia (temperature control) - Blood pressure (hypotension) - Bradycardia Drug levels in breast milk Important outcomes: Outcomes for women o Maternal breastfeeding (initiation and any breastfeeding at primary discharge) 6 Hypertension in pregnancy: evidence