DOCSLIB.ORG

Handbook on Children Recruited and Exploited by Terrorist and Violent

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Handbook on Children Recruited and Exploited by Terrorist and Violent Handbook on Children Recruited and Exploited by Terrorist and Violent Extremist Groups: The Role of the Justice System Cover photo: ©iStock.com/pixelprof UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Handbook on Children Recruited and Exploited by Terrorist and Violent Extremist Groups: The Role of the Justice System UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2017 © United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2017 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of firm names and com- mercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................v Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 A. Challenges .....................................................................................3 B. The Handbook ..................................................................................4 C. Terminology ...................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Strategies for preventing recruitment of children by terrorist and violent extremist groups ................................................................................................................9 A. Recruitment and exploitation of children ........................................................10 B. Adopting a holistic approach: preventing violence against children .................................16 C. Preventing recruitment of children by terrorist and violent extremist groups ........................21 Chapter 2. Child victims of recruitment and exploitation: their treatment in the justice system ............39 A. Recognizing as victims children recruited and exploited by terrorist and violent extremist groups ....40 B. Protecting child victims and witnesses during investigations and trials ..............................47 C. The right of child victims to reparation ..........................................................58 Chapter 3. Justice for children accused of terrorism-related offences ..................................................69 A. Specialized juvenile justice system ...............................................................70 B. Pretrial stage ...................................................................................82 C. Trial and sentencing ............................................................................90 D. Children deprived of their liberty ...............................................................97 Chapter 4. Rehabilitation and reintegration of children recruited and exploited by terrorist and violent extremist groups .......................................................................................... 105 A. Reintegration of children recruited and exploited by terrorist and violent extremist groups .........106 B. Promoting comprehensive reintegration policies and programmes. .110 C. Demobilization and release ....................................................................121 D. Cross-border cases ............................................................................129 E. Rehabilitation and reintegration as a key purpose of the justice process ............................135 Annex. Relevant international legal framework ........................................................................... 144 Acknowledgements The preparation of this Handbook was made possible by the cooperative efforts and invaluable contributions of several individuals and Governments. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) wishes to extend its gratitude to the Member States who contributed to the consultation process. UNODC is grateful to the Chairs of the regional groups for identifying experts to participate in the expert group meeting on the treatment by the justice system of children recruited and exploited by terrorist and violent extremist groups, held in Vienna from 13 to15 December 2016. UNODC is grateful to the participants of the expert group meeting for their extensive contributions. In particular, UNODC is most thankful to Carolyn Hamilton for her invaluable background research and substantive input. The experts who attended the meeting were Mahmood Fadhil Masyab Al Bayati, Abdelaziz Ahmed Abdalla Alhajri, Jamie Bell, Abderezak Bensalem, Sofiane Bessadok, Hanae Boughdad, Haffide Boulakras, James Cooke, Valerio de Divitiis, Swen Dornig, Hamza Essaid, Abdoul Kassim Fomba, Imma Guerras Delgado, Carolyn Hamilton, Ibrahim Jean Etienne, Rose Marie Kerkor, Kai Li, Carlos Magadán Martínez, Angela McCabe, Rolando Melo Latorre, Tim Molyneux, Naïma Müller, Rose Oka Oji, Siobhan O’Neil, Reynante Orceo, Alexandra Ott Müller, Daniel Palmer, Stephen Ramwell, Guenther Sablattnig, Ibrahim Sesay, Dmitry Titov and Renate Winter. The following UNODC staff members contributed to the meeting: Aldo Lale-Demoz, Valérie Lebaux, George Puthuppally, Ulrich Garms, Alexandra Martins, Anna Giudice and Giulia Melotti. The Handbook was written by Giulia Melotti, Alexandra Martins, Ulrich Garms and Katharina Peschke, using as a basis the contributions of the expert group meeting. The production of the Handbook was guided by: Valérie Lebaux, Chief of the Justice Section, Division of Operations; George Puthuppally, Chief of Implementation Support Section II (Sub-Saharan Africa) in the Terrorism Prevention Branch; and Mauro Miedico, Acting Chief of the Terrorism Prevention Branch, Division for Treaty Affairs. UNODC is grateful to the following individuals for their comments on and contributions to the draft- ing of the Handbook: Renate Winter, Stephan Husy, Naïma Müller, Imma Guerras-Delgado, Alexandra Ott Müller, Merel Molenkamp, Irina Scheitz, Jessika Soors, Abdoul Kassim Fomba, Rose Marie Kerkor, James Cooke, Tim Molyneux, Aimee Comrie, Panagiotis Papadimitriou, Anna Giudice, Dayan Farias Picon, Rouzbeh Moradi and Rohan Sinha. UNODC is most grateful to the Governments of Austria, Canada, Denmark and Switzerland for providing the funding to enable the development, translation into Arabic and French, reproduction and dissemination of this Handbook. Vv Introduction In the past few years, the international community has been increasingly confronted with the recruit- ment and exploitation of children by terrorist and violent extremist groups. Numerous reports have shed some light on the extent of this disturbing phenomenon. Estimates indicate that, since 2009, about 8,000 children have been recruited and used by Boko Haram in Nigeria.1 According to a report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, some boys have been forced to attack their own families to demonstrate loyalty to Boko Haram, while girls have been forced to marry, clean, cook and carry equipment and weapons. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights received consistent reports that some boys and girls were increasingly being used as human shields and to detonate bombs. In May 2015, for example, a girl about 12 years old was used to detonate a bomb at a bus station in Damaturu, Yobe State, killing seven people. Similar incidents were reported in Cameroon and the Niger. During attacks by Boko Haram, abducted boys were used to identify those who refused to join the group, as well as unmarried women and girls.2 In 2015 alone, the United Nations verified 274 cases of children having been recruited by Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in the Syrian Arab Republic. The United Nations verified the exist- ence of centres in rural Aleppo, Dayr al-Zawr and rural Raqqah that provided military training to at least 124 boys between 10 and 15 years of age. Verification of the use of children as foreign fighters has increased significantly, with 18 cases involving children as young as 7 years of age. The use of children as child executioners was reported and appeared in video footage. In Iraq, in two incidents in June and September 2015, more than 1,000 children were reportedly abducted by ISIL from Mosul district.3 While the lack of access to areas in conflict undercuts the possibility to gather precise data, it is known that recruited children were used to act as spies and scouts, to transport military supplies and equip- ment, to conduct patrols, to man checkpoints, to videotape attacks for propaganda purposes and to plant explosive devices, as well as to actively engage in attacks or combat situations.4 These figures are likely to be significant underestimates because of the limited opportunities to gain access and monitor violations against children. Child recruitment is also perpetrated by Al-Shabaab in Kenya and Somalia,5 by the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa, Ansar Eddine and Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb in Mali and neighbouring countries and by the Abu Sayyaf Group in the Philippines,6 to name a few. Owing to the expanding reach and propaganda of terrorist and violent extremist groups, child recruitment and exploitation are in no way limited to conflict-ridden areas. More and more children are travelling from their State of residence to areas controlled
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Deterring and Dissuading Nuclear Terrorism
    Journal of Strategic Security Volume 5 Number 1 Volume 5, No. 1: Spring 2012 Article 6 Deterring and Dissuading Nuclear Terrorism John J. Klein ANSER, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, National Security Law Commons, and the Portfolio and Security Analysis Commons pp. 15-30 Recommended Citation Klein, John J.. "Deterring and Dissuading Nuclear Terrorism." Journal of Strategic Security 5, no. 1 (2012) : 15-30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.5.1.2 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol5/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Strategic Security by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Deterring and Dissuading Nuclear Terrorism Abstract While nuclear deterrence theory may be well-suited to dealing with nuclear-armed states, its suitability for deterring nuclear terrorism has frequently been questioned since 9/11. While terrorist organizations do not necessarily act uniformly or according to the same underlying beliefs, many of the most aggressive organizations are motivated by an ideology that embraces martyrdom and an apocalyptic vision.1 This ideology may be based on religion or a desire to overthrow a government. Consequently, terrorists motivated by ideology who intend to use a stolen or improvised nuclear device against the United States or its interests may not care about the resulting military repercussions following a nuclear attack.
    [Show full text]
  • Charting a New Course: Women Preventing Violent Extremism
    Charting a New Course I 2301 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20037 www.usip.org © 2015 by the Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace. All rights reserved. First published 2015 To request permission to photocopy or reprint materials for course use, contact the Copyright Clearance Center at www.copyright.com. For print, electronic media, and all other subsidiary rights e-mail [email protected] Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. II Charting a WOMEN PREVENTING VIOLENT EXTREMISM New Course 2 Acknowledgments 3 Introduction 7 Why Gender Matters 9 Women on the Front Lines by Alistair Millar 11 Exercise: Act Like a Woman/ Act Like a Man 12 Blindspots by Jayne Huckerby 13 Exercise: Spheres of Influence 15 Women and the Dynamics of Extremist Violence 17 Listen to the Women Activists by Sanam Naraghi-Anderlini 19 Exercise: Gendered Motivations 20 When Women are the Problem by Mia Bloom 21 Exercise: Multiple Interpretations: Who is Right? 22 Motivations of Female Fighters by Nimmi Gowrinathan 25 Engaging Communities in Preventing Violent Extremism 27 Building Resilience to Violent Extremism by Georgia Holmer 29 Exercise: Allies and Challengers 30 Charting New Ways with New Partners by Edit Schlaffer 31 Resource: Active Listening Techniques 32 Everyday Technologies Can Help Counter Violence and Build Peace by Nancy Payne 33 Resource: Enabling Technologies for Preventing Violent Extremism 34 Increasing Understanding through Words by Alison Milofsky 35 Resource: Debate versus Dialogue 36 Acronyms 36 Resources 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS he creation of the thought for action kit, “Charting a New Course: Women TPreventing Violent Extremism,” has been a team effort.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hon J J Bossano, Chief Minister
    Mr Chairman, Thank you once again for giving me the opportunity to address the Special Committee on behalf of the people of Gibraltar. I would like first to take this opportunity to place on record my appreciation for the warmth of the reception I had from your predecessor, His Excellency, Ambassador Renagi Renagi Lohia, on my first appearance before this Committee in 1992 and indeed on my second one in 1993. I can assure the Committee that I was made to feel at home and amongst friends from the first day that I came. That encouraged me to look to this Committee – and it encouraged the people of Gibraltar to look to this Committee – as the forum where we could express our deep seated feelings on having our right as a colonial people recognised and vindicated. I should like to say that I have reported this back in Gibraltar faithfully. Indeed the text of my presentation and my appearance before the Special Committee has been transmitted over Gibraltar television and widely covered by our own press. In doing this, I believe we have been making a small contribution towards the fulfilment of Resolution 43/46 of the 22 November 1988 of the General Assembly on the dissemination of information on decolonisation which called for the widespread and continuous publicity to be given to the work of the United Nations in the field of decolonisation and in particular to the work of the Special Committee. A Resolution, of course, which the administering power voted against, but which the territorial Government in Gibraltar fully supports.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Cooperation Between Japan and UNODC -The Joint Plan of Action
    Strategic Cooperation between Japan and UNODC -The joint plan of action- The Government of Japan (hereafter referred to as Japan) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (hereafter referred to as UNODC) have a long history of collaboration in countering illicit narcotic drugs, in crime prevention and criminal justice reform, as well as in countering terrorism. Japan has also been a leading provider of core support to the operations of UNODC. Japan and UNODC share mutual interest in further enhancing cooperation. During the first Strategic Policy Dialogue between Japan and UNODC, held in Yokohama on 2 June 2013 in the margins of the 5th Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD V), they identified regional, thematic and other areas for strategic cooperation, and developed a joint plan of action. They also agreed to hold Strategic Policy Dialogue at the senior level annually in Tokyo or Vienna (alternately). Japan and UNODC reviewed the progress of the implementation of the plan of action during the Strategic Policy Dialogue recently held, and amended it as follows. 1. Regional Cooperation (1) Africa Japan welcomes the participation of UNODC in the TICAD V in June 2013 and the TICAD VI in August 2016 in the TICAD process. Through the follow-up of TICAD VI, Japan and UNODC will enhance substantive and operational collaboration in Africa, in particular, in areas related to peace and security such as strengthening of criminal justice systems, countering transnational organized crime (illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs, firearms, and persons), corruption and cybercrime as well as combating terrorism, violent extremism and piracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitigating Youth Radicalization and Violent Extremism
    Journal of Strategic Security Volume 4 Number 4 Volume 4, No. 4, Winter 2011: Perspectives on Radicalization and Article 4 Involvement in Terrorism Disarming Youth Combatants: Mitigating Youth Radicalization and Violent Extremism Alpaslan Özerdem Coventry University, [email protected] Sukanya Podder Coventry University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, National Security Law Commons, and the Portfolio and Security Analysis Commons pp. 63-80 Recommended Citation Özerdem, Alpaslan and Podder, Sukanya. "Disarming Youth Combatants: Mitigating Youth Radicalization and Violent Extremism." Journal of Strategic Security 4, no. 4 (2012) : 63-80. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.3 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol4/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Strategic Security by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Disarming Youth Combatants: Mitigating Youth Radicalization and Violent Extremism Abstract In the complex of motivating variables that define the push and pull factors behind recruitment and participation in civil conflict, "radicalization"—or "violent extremism"—is not conceived as a very strong motive, as is the case with studies on terrorism. As part of disarming youth combatants,the linkages between reintegration outcomes and possible rerecruitment into radical and extremist violence must be better understood to mitigate such risks. In our analysis, the policies guiding reintegration of child soldiers and youth should be better attuned to the relationship between recruitment motivations and reintegration outcomes, and must be approached from a political lens rather than a purely technical one.
    [Show full text]
  • On International Law and Nuclear Terrorism
    GEORGIA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW VOLUME 24 1994 NUMBER 1 ON INTERNATIONAL LAW AND NUCLEAR TERRORISM Louis Rene' Beres* It's farewell to the drawing-room's civilised cry, The professor's sensible whereto and why, The frock-coated diplomat's social aplomb, Now matters are settled with gas and with bomb. W.H. Auden, Danse Macabre Little did the poet Auden realize, just before the dawn of the Nuclear Age,' how completely the technology of destruction would come to outshout the dimming voice of reason.2 Today, this technology includes the unlocked secrets of the atom and can be exploited by terrorists as well as by states. Taken together with a world that has grown steadily inured to the pain of others-a world that has become anesthetized to anguish as it has fled from rationality-the prospect of nuclear terrorism should not be underestimated. With this in mind, we will now consider this prospect with particular respect * Professor of Political Science, Purdue University. Ph.D., Princeton University, 1971. Professor Beres has written many books and articles dealing with international law. The author is grateful to Ms. Betty Hartman of Purdue University's Department of Political Science for her skillful assistance in typing/word processing this manuscript. 'There now exists a huge literature dealing with the expected consequences of a nuclear war. For works on these consequences by this author see Louis R. BERES, APOCALYPSE: NUCLEAR CATASTROPHE IN WORLD POLITICs (1980); Louis R. BERES, MIMICKING SISYPHUS: AMERICA'S COUNTERVAILING NUCLEAR STRATEGY (1983); Louis R. BERES, REASON AND REALPOLITIK: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Making America Safer from Nuclear Terrorism
    Making America Safer from Nuclear Terrorism Graham Allison merican politics may be deeply polarized, but there appears to be Avirtual unanimity about what constitutes the greatest threat to our national security. When asked that question during the first pres- idential debate of 2004, Senator Kerry’s immediate answer was, “nuclear proliferation,” because “there are terrorists trying to get their hands on that stuff.” President Bush concurred: “I agree with my oppo- nent that the biggest threat facing this country today is weapons of mass destruction in the hands of a terrorist network.”1 That assessment was buttressed by the 9/11 Commission’s official report, which documented in chilling detail Al Qaeda’s search for nuclear weapons. The report concluded, “Al Qaeda has tried to acquire or make weapons of mass destruction for at least ten years. There is no doubt the United States would be a prime target.”2 In August 2001, for instance, during the final countdown to what Al Qaeda calls the “Holy Tuesday” attack, bin Laden received two key former officials from Pak- istan’s nuclear weapons program at his secret headquarters near Kabul. Over the course of three days of intense conversation, he and his second- in-command, Ayman al-Zawahiri, quizzed Sultan Bashiruddin Mah- mood and Abdul Majeed about chemical, biological, and especially nuclear weapons. Bin Laden, al-Zawahiri, and the two other as yet unidentified, top-level Al Qaeda operatives who participated in these conversations had clearly moved beyond the impending assault on the World Trade Center to visions of grander attacks to follow.3 The threats do not stop at Al Qaeda.
    [Show full text]
  • Reds Still Threat in P. I
    VOLUME XI, NO. 6 HAWAII'S FILAMERICAN TRlBUNE, FRIDAY, JUNE 8, 1951 HONOLULU, T. H. 10 CENTS PER COPY REDSP. I. Commerce Secretary Says STILL THREAT IN P. I. C o l. Soriano to Con­ Gen Castaneda quits Philippines Look for Tourist Trade tinue as head P. A. L Communism Still Real Peril as chief of staff. Signs of better times trillio n . But the country is BOSTON — The Communist “They also have an indoctri- Philippines only slowly and sometimes con menace still exists in the Philip- nation school system scattered in MANILA, May 31—A one- President Elpidio Quirino has fusedly struggling back toward pines despite execution and. im- the Huk-infested mountain areas year contract continuing Col. An­ signed a, legislative bill creating normal. prisonment of native leaders, a which they call Stalin univer- dres Soriano as president and So­ M ANILA, —M aj. Gen. M ari­ a Philippine tourist bureau. The Outside M anila good hotel accommodations Philippine government official re- sity, ” Mr. Balmaceda declared, riano Y. Compania as manager of ano M. Castaneda has resigned a; bill carries an appropriation of — accommoda­ ports here. The Philippine government government-owned Philip­ chief of staff of the Philippines $75, 000 for operation during the tions which will satisfy the lux­ Cornelio Balmaceda, secretary has adopted a program of mili- pines Air Lines was signed W ed­ armed service. His resignation coming fiscal year. The bureau ury loving American traveler — of commerce and industry for the tary and economic measures to nesday. was promptly accepted by President will attempt to revive the tourist are rather few.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining the Concept of 'Violent Extremism'
    Geneva Paper 24/19 1 Defining the Concept of ‘Violent Extremism’ Delineating the attributes and phenomenon of violent extremism Geneva Paper 24/19 Mathias Bak, Kristoffer Nilaus Tarp, and Dr. Christina Schori Liang August 2019 GCSP Written by Mathias Bak*, Kristoffer Nilaus Tarp, and Dr. Christina Schori Liang. *Corresponding author: [email protected] The authors would like to thank Arsla Jawaid and Sanam Anderlini for invaluable comments and inputs. Defining the Concept of ‘Violent Extremism’ Delineating the attributes and phenomenon of violent extremism Geneva Paper 24/19 Mathias Bak*, Kristoffer Nilaus Tarp, and Dr. Christina Schori Liang August 2019 *Corresponding author: [email protected] The authors would like to thank Arsla Jawaid and Sanam Anderlini for invaluable comments and inputs. Written by Mathias Bak*, Kristoffer Nilaus Tarp, and Dr. Christina Schori Liang. *Corresponding author: [email protected] The authors would like to thank Arsla Jawaid and Sanam Anderlini for invaluable comments and inputs. 4 Defining the Concept of ‘Violent Extremism’ GCSP Geneva Paper 24/19 5 The Geneva Centre for Security Policy The Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP) is an international foundation established in 1995, with 52 member states, for the primary purpose of promoting peace, security and international cooperation through executive education, applied policy research and dialogue. The GCSP trains government officials, diplomats, military officers, international civil servants and NGO and private sector staff in pertinent fields of international peace and security. The Geneva Papers and l’Esprit de Genève With its vocation for peace, Geneva is the city where states, international organisations, NGOs and the academic community, working together, have the possibility of creating the essential conditions for debate and concrete action.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 11 Prevention of Radicalization in Western Muslim
    Chapter 11 Prevention of Radicalization in Western Muslim Diasporas by Nina Käsehage This chapter opens with a brief definition of key terms such as “Muslim diasporas,” “prevention of violent extremism” (PVE), “countering violent extremism” (CVE) and discusses the role of Islamophobia in radicalization and its impacts on the prevention of radicalization. The size of the Muslim population in each of the selected five Western countries and the appearance of jihadist, left- and right-wing-groups, as well as the number of attacks resulting from these milieus are briefly discussed at the beginning of the country reports. The main body of this chapter discusses academic, governmental, and civil society approaches to PVE/CVE. For each country, some PVE examples are presented which might be helpful to policymakers and practitioners. A literature review regarding PVE/CVE approaches in each country seeks to provide an overview of the academic state of the art concerning the prevention of radicalization. Finally, a number of recommendations with regard to future PVE initiatives are provided, based on the author’s field research in Salafi milieus in various European countries.1 Keywords: countering violent extremism (CVE), countering violent extremism policy and practice, extremism, government and civil society responses, Muslim communities, Muslim diasporas, prevention, preventing violent extremism (PVE), PVE recommendations, radicalization, religious extremism, Salafism, terrorism 1 The following chapter includes extracts from the book: Nina Käsehage (2020). ‘Prevention of Violent Extremism in Western Muslim Diasporas’, Religionswissenschaft: Forschung und Wissenschaft. Zürich: LIT Verlag. HANDBOOK OF TERRORISM PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS 305 This chapter seeks to describe the state of research on the prevention of radicalization in Western Muslim diasporas.
    [Show full text]
  • P/CVE Programs
    Evaluating the Impact of P/CVE Programs UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE Making Peace Possible United States Institute of Peace Press 2301 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20037 www.usip.org To request permission to photocopy or reprint materials for course use, contact the Copyright Clearance Center at www.copyright.com. For print, electronic media, and other subsidiary rights, email permissions@usip .org. The paper used in this report meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. First published 2018. © 2018 by the Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 1-60127-729-6 ISBN: 978-1-60127-729-9 About This Report This report considers the various conceptual and practical challenges in measuring the impact and value of programs designed to prevent and counter violent extremism (P/CVE). It examines potential solutions and emphasizes the significance of efforts to assess changes in attitudes, behaviors, and relationships. The report was developed in tandem with “Taking Stock: Analytic Tools for Understanding and Designing P/CVE Programs” and seeks to help advance more rigor and sustainability in P/CVE programming. 2 Measuring Up Contents 4 Key Findings 6 Introduction 7 Methodology and Definitions 8 The Challenges of Measuring Impact in P/CVE Programs 11 Evaluating P/CVE Interventions: Measuring Attitudes, Behaviors, and Relationships 16 Conclusion 18
    [Show full text]
  • And the Response to Nuclear Terrorism: the UN Counter-Terrorism Centre and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism Organize a Regional Workshop in Abuja
    “Valiant Eagle” and the response to nuclear terrorism: The UN Counter-Terrorism Centre and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism organize a regional workshop in Abuja Abuja, 11 April 2019 - The United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT), through its Counter-Terrorism Centre (UNCCT), the Nuclear Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT) and the Government of Nigeria organized a regional workshop in Abuja, Nigeria, from 9 to 11 April. The workshop, entitled “Valiant Eagle”, focused on the coordination of the response in case of a nuclear or radiological terrorist attack. It was attended by more than 80 participants coming from 30 different countries in Africa, Europe and the Americas. At the opening of the workshop, the representative of UNOCT/UNCCT stated that the possibility of terrorists gaining access to nuclear and radiological materials is a significant threat to international peace and security. Nuclear security events come with their own set of challenges triggering a unique response. However, similar response principles apply to different types of mass casualty incidents using the same legal frameworks. “Thanks to this workshop”, the Nigerian National Security Advisor stated, “African nations can start developing strong regional coordination procedures and legal frameworks to ensuring preparedness for response to a nuclear security incident of this nature, which would have impact beyond national boundaries.” Representatives from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Petroleum Resources as well as the co- chairs of GICNT, namely the Russian Federation and the United States of America, also delivered introductory remarks. The workshop included a table-top exercise where participants from different backgrounds had to jointly plan the response to an attack by balancing competing priorities and limited resources.
    [Show full text]