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Our First Schoolmaster and Schoolmistress

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Our First Schoolmaster and Schoolmistress Schooling in British Columbia: Pre-Confederation Our first schoolmaster and schoolmistress s the Hudson Bay Company’s a salary of £100 a year for his While Reverend Staines received Aoperations in Fort Victoria services as a chaplain; supporters mixed reviews from his employers flourished, the need for a teacher of the school paid him an addi- and pupils; Mrs. Staines was for the children of the officials tional £340 a year. thought of as invaluable. Differ- grew. In early 1848, the company The school—and the Staines’ ences of opinion arose between received a recommendation residence—was located within the reverend and his employer; initially for a position in Fort the fort and above a building his services were dispensed with Vancouver. HBC immediately known as Bachelors Hall. The hall in 1854. Staines made to return to wrote to the Reverend Robert was the site of most of the fort’s England, but his ship foundered at John Staines, who was at the revelries and the centre of much sea and he died. Mrs. Staines did time teaching in France. Staines of Victoria’s early social life. The return to England at a later date. replied in March, setting out his school’s 17 children were known and his wife’s qualifications for the to pour water through cracks and appointment: holes in the floor that fell onto the “I could take the Classics, Math- men below, perhaps to quiet them ematics, and every branch of during rowdy get-togethers. the usual routine of an English education, including drawing if required…. Mrs. Staines is perfectly qualified to take every department in the usual course of a gentle- “The Staines woman’s education, including was thought of music and French….” as invaluable.” Both he and his wife considered “religious instruction in accordance with the doctrines of the Church of England as an indispensable part of a sound education.” For more The Staines arrived in Fort Victoria information visit on March 17, 1849. He received bcssa.org Image B-01369 courtesy of the Royal BC Museum and Archives. Schooling in British Columbia: Pre-Confederation BCSSA Historical Timeline B.C.’s First Nations practice The Hudson’s Bay Vancouver Island informal learning by doing Captain Cook sails into Company (HBC) builds a becomes a British colony for millennia prior to B.C.’s waters and claims fort at the southern tip of and its first school opens contact with Europeans. the land for Great Britain. Vancouver Island. in Fort Victoria. Pre-colonization 1778 1842 1849 Reverend Edward Craigflower School is built HBC employs a second The colony’s first governor, Cridge is recruited near the Gorge waterway schoolmaster for the James Douglas, makes 14 to replace outside Fort Victoria for the children of employees land purchases from the Reverend Staines. children of farm employees. in Nanaimo. island’s Indigenous people. 1854 1854-55 1853 1850 The Fraser River gold rush Victoria’s colonial The mainland attracts 30,000+ people to government assumes colony at New The Colonial the newly founded colony of responsibility for schooling Westminster opens Legislature passes the British Columbia. on Vancouver Island. its first school. first Free School Act. 1858 1859 1862 1865 The colony of Vancouver Island Canada becomes merges with the mainland a nation. colony of British Columbia. Inspiring, developing bcssa.org & supporting senior 1867 1866 leadership in public education for over 100 years. Schooling in British Columbia: Pre-Confederation The oral tradition of learning B.C.’s Indigenous people have The oral tradition is a highly has been used as legal evidence used the oral tradition to pass developed teaching tool. People in court cases concerning title to down stories, histories, lessons, often learn best and remember land rights. Regarding Aboriginal and other knowledge for millennia. well information that is conveyed title in northwestern B.C., one These teachings allowed First orally rather than through writing. Elder famously asked government Nations to know their history and Having someone demonstrate a officials, “If this is your land, where to keep their cultures and iden- process and explain it can be a are your stories?” tities alive. The oral tradition is a more effective way to learn. vital part of Indigenous societies Passing on information orally and connects generations in a remains a significant part of shared understanding. Indigenous people’s traditional The oral tradition goes beyond values and beliefs and oral history storytelling and incorporates other elements such as singing, dancing and drumming. Most stories are told as practical lessons and knowledge passed “The oral tradition goes down from Elders also transmits beyond storytelling guidance regarding a group’s and incorporates other social, moral, and ethical expectations. Plots often reflect elements such as singing, real occurrences and merge dancing and drumming.” supernatural characters and circumstances. Similarities between stories handed down by different First Nations indicate that the oral tradition was used For more to mark significant environmental information visit events like earthquakes and floods. bcssa.org Schooling in British Columbia: Pre-Confederation BCSSA Historical Timeline B.C.’s First Nations practice The Hudson’s Bay Vancouver Island informal learning by doing Captain Cook sails into Company (HBC) builds a becomes a British colony for millennia prior to B.C.’s waters and claims fort at the southern tip of and its first school opens contact with Europeans. the land for Great Britain. Vancouver Island. in Fort Victoria. Pre-colonization 1778 1842 1849 Reverend Edward Craigflower School is built HBC employs a second The colony’s first governor, Cridge is recruited near the Gorge waterway schoolmaster for the James Douglas, makes 14 to replace outside Fort Victoria for the children of employees land purchases from the Reverend Staines. children of farm employees. in Nanaimo. island’s Indigenous people. 1854 1854-55 1853 1850 The Fraser River gold rush Victoria’s colonial The mainland attracts 30,000+ people to government assumes colony at New The Colonial the newly founded colony of responsibility for schooling Westminster opens Legislature passes the British Columbia. on Vancouver Island. its first school. first Free School Act. 1858 1859 1862 1865 The colony of Vancouver Island Canada becomes merges with the mainland a nation. colony of British Columbia. Inspiring, developing bcssa.org & supporting senior 1867 1866 leadership in public education for over 100 years. Schooling in British Columbia: Pre-Confederation Our first superintendent of schools ount Waddington—it’s the between 1862-64, a venture that no longer had any authority. He Mhighest mountain in B.C. and left him close to bankrupt. resigned in 1867. was named for Alfred Waddington, Waddington was the successful Waddington turned his attention the first colonial superintendent applicant for the post of super- to campaigning for a transconti- of schools for the colony of intendent of education for the nental railway to be built along Vancouver Island. colony in 1865. His responsibilities the same route as his earlier Bute Waddington was born in London included hiring teachers for the Inlet gold rush route. He was in in 1801 and joined the thousands Central School, maintaining Ottawa lobbying for this when he of others who journeyed to that building, and establishing a died of smallpox in 1872. Victoria in 1858 during the Fraser school in Nanaimo for the children River gold rush. It wasn’t gold of miners. When Vancouver Island that lured Waddington so much was annexed into the colony of as encouraging settlement in the British Colony in 1866, the Board colony. He has the distinction of of Education on which he served writing the first non-government book that was ever published there: Fraser Mines Vindicated. He was elected to the House of “Waddington was the Assembly in 1860, campaigning on a platform of religious equality, successful candidate for women’s rights, and small govern- the post of superinten- ment. He only lasted a year in dent of education for the House but remained active in the colony in 1865.” politics. Waddington helped draft the charter for the City of Victoria in 1862 but declined to be nomi- nated as its first mayor. He tried For more unsuccessfully to build a wagon information visit road to the Cariboo gold fields bcssa.org Image PDP00121 courtesy of the Royal BC Museum and Archives. Schooling in British Columbia: Pre-Confederation BCSSA Historical Timeline B.C.’s First Nations practice The Hudson’s Bay Vancouver Island informal learning by doing Captain Cook sails into Company (HBC) builds a becomes a British colony for millennia prior to B.C.’s waters and claims fort at the southern tip of and its first school opens contact with Europeans. the land for Great Britain. Vancouver Island. in Fort Victoria. Pre-colonization 1778 1842 1849 Reverend Edward Craigflower School is built HBC employs a second The colony’s first governor, Cridge is recruited near the Gorge waterway schoolmaster for the James Douglas, makes 14 to replace outside Fort Victoria for the children of employees land purchases from the Reverend Staines. children of farm employees. in Nanaimo. island’s Indigenous people. 1854 1854-55 1853 1850 The Fraser River gold rush Victoria’s colonial The mainland attracts 30,000+ people to government assumes colony at New The Colonial the newly founded colony of responsibility for schooling Westminster opens Legislature passes the British Columbia. on Vancouver
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