DOCSLIB.ORG

Crumb Infill Turf Characterization

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Crumb Infill Turf Characterization UMDNJ- EOHSI Crumb Infill and Turf Report – October 31, 2011 Crumb Infill and Turf Characterization for Trace Elements and Organic Materials Submitted by Dr. Paul J. Lioy and Dr. Clifford Weisel Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854 Submitted to Mr. Steven Rinaldi NJDEP, Bureau of Recycling and Planning and Dr. Alan Stern NJDEP, Office of Science Trenton, NJ 08625 1 UMDNJ- EOHSI Crumb Infill and Turf Report – October 31, 2011 Executive Summary Project Rationale: A study was undertaken to conduct a thorough evaluation for hazardous chemicals within major product lines of crumb infill and associated turf that are available for use on athletic fields and public parks. This included a quantification of the bio-accessibility of hazardous chemicals found in the crumb infill and associated turf product from both newly purchased materials and in-use fields of different ages. The objective was to provide an independent scientific basis to assist communities in their ability to make decisions on the selection of the materials to be used as artificial infill turf fields based on potential exposure to users of the fields to hazardous agent that might be present in the materials. Methodology: Synthetic lung, sweat and digestive biofluids were analyzed for trace metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and scanned for semi-volatile organic compounds. In addition acid extraction for metals and high temperature volatilization for semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds were done to assess total extractable levels of these compounds. The protocols were followed in order to fill a major data gap identified by the 2008 turf/infill workshop, NYC, NY, that bioaccessibilty studies were needed for the inhalation, dermal and ingestion routes of entry into the body for both organic and inorganic materials. Results: Overall the metals, PAHs and semi-volatile compounds found all classes of materials to be at very low concentrations. Thus, for the metals and compounds identified there would be de minimus exposures and risk among anyone using fields with the exception of lead in a single new turf material. It is therefore prudent to reemphasize the need to avoid lead-based pigments in these materials as coloring agents. For the compounds that have known hazard the levels in the biofluids were below standards for soil cleanup so no formal risk assessment is currently recommended. In addition, the many organic compounds identified in the biofluids for which there are no hazard data currently available were also at very low concentrations so no further risk assessment is currently recommended unless new hazard information becomes available. In the future, the types of bioaccessibily studies conducted as part of these experiments should be completed for all new turf/infill products. 2 UMDNJ- EOHSI Crumb Infill and Turf Report – October 31, 2011 Purpose: To complete a thorough evaluation for hazardous chemicals within major product lines of crumb infill and associated turf that are available for use on athletic fields and public parks. To quantify the bio-accessibility of hazardous chemicals found in the crumb infill and associated turf product. To complete a comparative risk assessment for chemicals found to be at levels that would be of concern to human health for the infill products and applications of the products on actual fields. To provide an independent scientific basis for communities to make decisions on the selection of the materials to be used as artificial infill turf fields. Introduction: There have been concerns expressed about the “safety” of artificial infill turf that is used extensively, or planned to be used for new field projects throughout NJ. Initial concerns were about turf that had lead chromate used to provide the color for the turf, and in NJ, this issue was addressed by research sponsored by the DEP and by advisories issued from the DHSS. However, the issue that still needed to be addressed, and was the subject of this study is the safety of turf with infill that was initially composed primarily of “crumb rubber”. There have been industry studies that were summarized during the summer of 2008 by Chemrisk and others, but those focused primarily on the composition of the material and the durability of the product with minimal information on potential toxicants. However, there is a need to address the volatile and semi-volatile components of the crumb infill to evaluate if potential exposure to these compound present any risk to individuals using the fields. This is especially true for new products that are coming onto the market. At a meeting held by the states located around the NJ –NY metropolitan area on August, 13 2008, the issue of crumb rubber and other infill products was discussed in detail. There was consensus that there were many important gaps associated with our current understanding. Among these are whether there are hazardous compounds present in the primary turf/infill products available to communities within each state and what might be the pathways that could lead to potential exposures to those compounds. Some questions were addressed in a field study conducted by the State of Connecticut that examined volatile organic chemical releases from actual fields with known turf/infill products. Another study was conducted by the State of New York to understand the release and field related impacts of turf/infill materials on the surface water, ground water, and the air, and to characterize the field surface temperature. As identified above, the purposes for the Study Conducted by EOHSI, was to fill a complementary data gap that also had been identified as an issue in NJ. The literature on crumb rubber infill and turf has been growing since 2002. There have been a number of evaluations and many use the same datasets in overviews of available information. Further, many of the actual initial experiments were completed in Europe where the turf material may not be the same as that used in the US., However, recently important studies were 3 UMDNJ- EOHSI Crumb Infill and Turf Report – October 31, 2011 completed in the US since 2002 which can provide insight into the composition and safety of turf material installed in the US (EPA 2009) (Simon 2010) (Lim and Walker 2009) A consistent result was that all studies indicated exposures to VOC’s were minimal. A preliminary study conducted in 2007 by the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station1 identified benzothiazole, butylated hydroxyanisole, n-hexadecane, and 4-(tert-octyl) phenol as potential chemicals of concerns. This study, however, was laboratory based and did not include collection and analysis of samples from installed fields. The laboratory study results were substantiated by the field study reported in 2010 (Simcox, Bracker et al. 2010) and were supported in a peer review completed in 2010 (CAS 2010), conducted by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research. The latter evaluated the air quality at three different indoor fields for similar materials.” In the Milone and MacBroom Study (Bristol 2008), some samples were analyzed for volatile nitrosamine content and others for benzothiazole and 4-tert-octyl phenol. Each of these chemicals would be expected to be released from the rubber. The Connecticut study also examined benzothiazole. A vertical profile approach looked at exposure conditions for a variety of athletic events and range in children’s height. The Connecticut Health risk assessment measured exposures at fields with turf infill materials in four locations in the State. The measurements were taken using a combination of personal monitoring and stationary monitoring. The latter were collected on and off the field. The results were “well within the range of typical ambient air pollution and well below the risk targets for VOC and the SVOC Benzothiazole.” The latter had the suggestion of a potential for a slight irritation response for children playing indoors. The Results from the NYS study found similar low concentration results for the air sampling aspects of their field study. In contrast to the Connecticut study, the NYS results were obtained under “worst case” summertime conditions to maximize the potential for high temperatures and significant evaporation of VOC’s and SVOCs. Research by N YS examined var i o us sem i -volatile and volatile compounds from crumb rubber both in the laboratory and in the field. The potential confounder was the lack of measurements of these compounds as emitted from the turf as well as the rubber in t he laborat ory t est s. T he f i el d t est s provided an int egrat ed emission across the full material but were not directly comparable to the laboratory tests. The work will also look at the leachabilty of organics and metals from the crumb rubber . T he N YS st ud i es utilized laboratory and field collection protocols for examining storm wat er and ground wat er cont amination (Lim and Walker 2009), but do not provide information on the bioavailability of the contaminants of these materials to humans since the studies do not include assessm ent o f their release in either lung fluid or total digestive fluids. T hi s gap i s add r essed i n t he current EO H SI st ud i es. In a review by Chem-Risk (ChemRisk 2008) it was stated that “In the Norwegian study, (Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the Radium Hospital (2006)) air samples were collected at three indoor artificial turf fields, two of which (Manglerudden and Valhall) used recycled t ire rubber and SBR rubber, respectively, for infill. In Manglerudden, 234 chemical compounds were det ect ed, of which 2 9 were able t o be ident ified. Tot al V O C concentration was 716 μg/ m 3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Collection
    Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Some reactions in the D-ring of the steroids Author(s): Boyce, Sam Framroze Publication Date: 1958 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-000089222 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Prom. Nr. 2111 SOME REACTIONS IN THE D-RING 0! THE STEROIDS Thesis presented to The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich for the Degree of Doctor of Technical Science by SAM FRAMROZE BOYCE Indian Citizen Accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. L. Ruzicka Priv. Doz. Dr. H. Heusser The Commercial Printing Press Private Ltd., Bombay 1958 TO THE MEMORY OF MY DEAR PARENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For giving me the opportunity to carry out this work, for his encouragement and keen interest during its progress, I here express my deep gratitude to Prof. L. Ruzicka. I am also indebted to Prof. L. Ruzicka and Prof. PI. A. Plattner for guidance of this work. My sincere thanks are also due to P. D. Dr. H. Heussor for his continued co-operation and helpful suggestions during the course of this work. To Prof. V. Prelog, I am obliged for the valuable discussions and critical comments. Finally, I am indebted to Prof. M. Giinthard for the infra-red spectra and to Mr. W. Manser for the micro-analysis. m CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Pabt I REARRANGEMENT OF a-HALOGENO-20-KETOSTEROIDS Theoretical Part 3 Experimental Part 10 Pabt Ha BASE CATALYSED REACTIONS WITH A16-3 jS-ACETOXY- 14,15 0-EPOXY-5-ALLOETIOCHOLENIC ACID METHYL ESTER Theoretical Part 18 Experimental Part 27 Pabt lib BASE AND ACID CATALYSED REACTIONS WITH A16-3j3- ACETOXY-14,15/3-EPOXY-20-KETO-5-ALLOPREGNENE Theoretical Part ..
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,037,477 Ishii Et Al
    USOO6037477A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,037,477 Ishii et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 14, 2000 54) OXIDATION PROCESS OF ETHERS 838909 2/1996 Japan. 75 Inventors: Yasutaka Ishii, 19-21, OTHER PUBLICATIONS Besshohonmachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka Ishii et al., J. Org. Chem., vol. 61, pp. 4520-4526 (1996). 569-1112, Tatsuya Nakano, Himeji, Yoshino et al., J. Org. Chem., vol. 62, No. 20, pp. both of Japan 6810–6813 (Oct. 1997). Takeno et al., Aerobic Oxidation by Using N-hydroxyph 73 Assignees: Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.; thalimide, 67th Spring Annual Meeting of Chemical Society Yasutaka Ishii, both of Osaka, Japan of Japan, Lecture Draft II, Dec. 1994. 21 Appl. No.: 09/074,604 Primary Examiner Johann Richter ASSistant Examiner-Dominic Keating 22 Filed: May 8, 1998 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Birch, Stewart, Kolasch & Birch, 30 Foreign Application Priority Data LLP May 13, 1997 JP Japan .................................... 9-122526 57 ABSTRACT 51) Int. Cl." .................. C07D 207/404; CO7D 207/448; An ether is oxidized with oxygen under an oxidation catalyst CO7D 487/06; CO7D 207/444 comprising an imide compound (Such as 52 U.S. Cl. .......................... 548/545; 548/548; 548/549; N-hydroxyphthalimide) or the imide compound and a 548/453 co-catalyst to produce the corresponding chain or cyclic 58 Field of Search ..................................... 548/545, 548, ester or anhydride. The co-catalyst may be a transition metal 548/549 compound. The above proceSS provides a process for oxi dizing an ether by oxygen efficiently to produce the corre 56) References Cited sponding oxide (Such as an ester, an hydride) with high conversion and Selectivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Approach to Introduce Alkyl Chains Into PEDOT:PSS and Its Effect on the Performance As a Flexible Electrode
    applied sciences Article Novel Approach to Introduce Alkyl Chains into PEDOT:PSS and Its Effect on the Performance as a Flexible Electrode In-Seong Hwang 1, Chul-Woo Park 1, Hye-In Kang 1, Sung-yoon Joe 2, Na-Young Pak 3 and Dae-won Chung 1,* 1 Department of Polymer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong-si 18323, Korea; [email protected] (I.-S.H.); [email protected] (C.-W.P.); [email protected] (H.-I.K.) 2 Center of Advanced Materials Analysis, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong-si 18323, Korea; [email protected] 3 EverChemTech Co., Ltd., 38, Cheongwonsandan 7-gil, Mado-myeon, Hwaseong-si 18323, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-312-202-156 Abstract: We here report a synthetic route to introduce alky chains into poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythio- phene):poly (4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) by the reaction with epoxyalkanes. The reaction was analyzed by FT-IR, TGA, and XPS studies, and the conductivities of derivatives were discussed as a function of the length of alkyl chains. PEDOT:PSS-C6, which is the product from a reaction with epoxyhexane, was well dispersed in methanol and transparent films from this dispersion were successfully prepared. PEDOT:PSS-C6 film showed an increase in hydrophobicity, resulting in enhanced water resistance compared to pristine PEDOT:PSS film, and a morphological study of the film exhibited clear phase separation similar to PEDOT:PSS doped by DMSO. We also observed an improvement in the conductivity and flexibility of PEDOT:PSS-C6 film compared to those of Citation: Hwang, I.-S.; Park, C.-W.; pristine PEDOT:PSS film.
    [Show full text]
  • Act Global Crumb Rubber Safety Study
    ACT GLOBAL CRUMB RUBBER SAFETY STUDY Prepared for Act Global By R. William Tilford, PhD. Published February 11, 2015 Act Global initiated crumb rubber testing from three independent laboratories. To validate and triangulate the results, Dr. R. William Tilford was engaged by Act Global for objective and professional oversight and review. Dr. Tilford has a doctorate in organic chemistry and fourteen years of experience as a research chemist, with a thorough understanding of how organic molecules react with each other and their environments. 1 Introduction Artificial turf has been used in sports fields since invented in 1962. Despite their many benefits, for years these fields suffered from one key drawback. The relatively thin layer of turf, normally installed over a hard durable surface such as concrete, did not provide sufficient shock absorption to accommodate the rigors of athletic competition. To address this issue, an intermediate cushioning layer of elastic material was implemented into the design in the 1990s. An ideal material with which to create this shock-absorbing interlayer was styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), which is often utilized for applications where it is necessary to protect bodies against repeated exposure to mechanical stress. The most notable example is in automobile tires which provide a constant elastic buffer between the road and automobile. Developments in recycling technologies enabled used automobile tires destined for landfills to instead be processed and repurposed as SBR crumb rubber infill. This source of SBR provides an efficient means of improving both the performance and safety of artificial turf systems. Act Global initiated a review of a crumb rubber supply used in their synthetic turf systems to examine the potential presence of any chemical species that would cause concern over its use as a raw material.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.494,962 B2 Kinet Al
    USOO74949.62B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.494,962 B2 Kinet al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 24, 2009 (54) SOLVENTS CONTAINING CYCLOAKYL (56) References Cited ALKYLETHERS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE ETHERS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3496,223 A * 2/1970 Mitchell et al. ............... 562/22 (75) Inventors: Idan Kin, Ottawa (CA); Genichi Ohta, Tokyo (JP); Kazuo Teraishi, Tokyo (JP); Kiyoshi Watanabe, Tokyo (JP) (Continued) (73) Assignee: Zeon Corporation, Tokyo (JP) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this EP 587434 A1 3, 1994 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 349 days. (Continued) (21) Appl. No.: 10/481,340 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) PCT Filed: Jun. 27, 2002 Edited by Kagaku Daijiten Henshu Iinkai, “Kagaku Daijiten 9”. (86). PCT No.: PCT/UP02/06501 Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd., Aug. 25, 1962, p. 437, "Yozai'. (Continued) S371 (c)(1), (2), (4) Date: Sep. 24, 2004 Primary Examiner Gregory E Webb (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Birch, Stewart, Kolasch & (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO03/002500 Birch, LLP PCT Pub. Date: Jan. 9, 2003 (57) ABSTRACT (65) Prior Publication Data The present inventions are (A) a solvent comprising at least US 2005/OO65060A1 Mar. 24, 2005 one cycloalkyl alkyl ether (1) represented by the general O O formula: R1-O R2 (wherein R1 is cyclopentyl or the like: (30) Foreign Application Priority Data and R2 is C1-10 alkyl or the like); (B) a method of prepara Jun. 28, 2001 (JP) ............................. 2001-196766 tions the ethers (1) characterized by reacting an alicyclic Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols
    life Article Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols Yuri Lima de Albuquerque 1 , Emmanuelle Berger 1, Sophie Tomaz 2, Christian George 2 and Alain Géloën 1,* 1 UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; [email protected] (Y.L.d.A.); [email protected] (E.B.) 2 Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (C.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In 2018, seven million people died prematurely due to exposure to pollution. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a significant source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban areas. We investigated the toxic effects of by-products of naphthalene SOA on lung cells. These by- products were 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-OH-NQ), phthalic acid (PA) and phthaldialdehyde (OPA). Two different assessment methodologies were used to monitor the toxic effects: real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and the Holomonitor, a quantitative phase contrast microscope. The chemicals were tested in concentrations of 12.5 to 100 µM for 1,4-NQ and 1 to 10 mM for 2-OH-NQ, PA and OPA. We found that 1,4-NQ is toxic to cells from 25 to 100 µM (EC50: 38.7 µM ± 5.2); 2-OH-NQ is toxic from 1 to 10mM (EC50: 5.3 mM ± 0.6); PA is toxic from 5 to 10 mM (EC50: 5.2 mM ± 0.3) and OPA is toxic from 2.5 to 10 mM (EC50: 4.2 mM ± 0.5).
    [Show full text]
  • Syntheses and Eliminations of Cyclopentyl Derivatives David John Rausch Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1966 Syntheses and eliminations of cyclopentyl derivatives David John Rausch Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Rausch, David John, "Syntheses and eliminations of cyclopentyl derivatives " (1966). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 2875. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/2875 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66—6996 RAUSCH, David John, 1940- SYNTHESES AND ELIMINATIONS OF CYCLOPENTYL DERIVATIVES. Iowa State University of Science and Technology Ph.D., 1966 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan SYNTHESES AND ELIMINATIONS OF CYCLOPENTYL DERIVATIVES by David John Rausch A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Organic Chemistry Approved : Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1966 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS VITA INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL Conformation of Cyclopentanes Elimination Reactions RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Synthetic Elimination Reactions EXPERIMENTAL Preparation and Purification of Materials Procedures and Data for Beta Elimination Reactions SUMMARY LITERATURE CITED ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii VITA The author was born in Aurora, Illinois, on October 24, 1940, to Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Grignard Reagent Formation. the Surface Nature of the Reaction
    286 Ace. Chem. Res. 1990,23, 286-293 Mechanism of Grignard Reagent Formation. The Surface Nature of the Reaction H. M. WALBORSKY Dittmer Laboratory of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Received February 23, 1990 (Revised Manuscript Received May 7, 1990) The reaction of organic halides (Br, C1, I) with mag- Scheme I nesium metal to yield what is referred to today as a Kharasch-Reinmuth Mechanism for Grignard Reagent Grignard reagent has been known since the turn of the Formation century,' The name derives from its discoverer, Nobel (1)(Mg0)AMg*)2y + RX 4 [(M~'~(MQ')~~-,('MQX)+ R.] + laureate Victor Grignard. How this reagent is formed, (Mgo)x-2(MQ')2~MgX)(MgR) that is, how a magnesium atom is inserted into a car- bon-halogen bond, is the subject of this Account. ('4 (Ms0),-*(M9')2~MgX)(MgR) + + (Mg0)x-dMg*)2y+2 + 2RMgX RX + Mg - RMgX Kharasch and Reinmuth,, persuaded by the work of late under the same conditions gave Itl = 6.2 X s-l. Another system that meets the above criterion is the Gomberg and Bachmad as well as by product analyses of many Grignard formation reactions that existed in vinyl system. The lack of reactivity of vinyl halides toward SN1reactions is well-known and is exemplified the literature prior to 1954,speculated that the reaction involved radicals and that the radical reactions might by the low solvolysis rate of 2-propenyl triflate5 in 80% involve "surface adherent radicals, at least in part". The ethanol at 25 OC, kl being 9.8 X s-l.
    [Show full text]
  • Methoxyethane, Physical Properties, Safety, MSDS, Enthalpy, Gas Liquid
    (c) Bürkle GmbH 2021 Important Important information The tables “Chemical resistance of plastics”, “Plastics and their properties” and “Viscosity of liquids" as well as the information about chemical resistance given in the particular product descriptions have been drawn up based on information provided by various raw material manufacturers. These values are based solely on laboratory tests with raw materials. Plastic components produced from these raw materials are frequently subject to influences that cannot be recognized in laboratory tests (temperature, pressure, material stress, effects of chemicals, construction features, etc.). For this reason the values given are only to be regarded as being guidelines. In critical cases it is essential that a test is carried out first. No legal claims can be derived from this information; nor do we accept any liability for it. A knowledge of the chemical and mechanical resistance alone is not sufficient for the evaluation of the usability of a product. For example, the regulations concerning flammable liquids (explosion prevention) must also be taken into consideration. Copyright This table has been published and updated by Bürkle GmbH, D-79415 Bad Bellingen as a work of reference. This Copyright clause must not be removed. The table may be freely passed on and copied, provided that the information about the publisher is retained. Extensions, additions and translations If your own experiences with materials and media could be used to extend this table then we would be pleased to receive any additional information. Please send an E-Mail to [email protected]. We would also like to receive translations into other languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparative Method of Novel Phthalocyanines from 3- Nitro
    Available online a t www.derpharmachemica.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharma Chemica, 2012, 4(4):1397-1403 (http://derpharmachemica.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-413X CODEN (USA): PCHHAX Preparative Method of Novel Phthalocyanines from 3- Nitro Phthalic Anhydride, Cobalt salt and Urea with Chloromethylpolyestyrene as a Heterogenous, Reusable and Efficient Catalyst Mohammad Ali Zolfigol 2, Ali Reza Pourali 1, Sami Sajjadifar 3,4 and Shohreh Farahmand 1,2,4 1Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, P.O. Box 6517838683, Iran 2School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, P.O. Box 69315516, Ilam, Iran 4Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, P.O. Box 19395-4697, Iran _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT 3-Nitrophthalic anhydride was reacted with urea and cobalt salt in nitrobenzene under N 2 at 185°C and cobalt- tetraanitrophthalocyanine (CoTNP) was produced. Cobalt-tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoTAP) was produced by reduction of CoTNP caused by Sodium borohydride under N 2(g). CoTAP and chloromethylpolystyrene was refluxed in nitrobenzene or DMF at 180 oC for 12h. The mixture was cooled down to reach the room temperature and then solvent removed and the resulting precipitate was washed with water to remove excess CoTAP, and dried it to get a light green solid (CoTAP-linked-polymer). Kaywords Phthalocyanines, Cobaltetraminophthalocyanine, CoTAP ,Phthalocyanines linked polymer. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Phthalocyanines are of interest not only as model compounds for the biologically important porphyrins but also because the intensely colored metal complexes are of commercial importance as dyes and pigments [1], the copper derivatives being an important blue pigment [2].
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.285,681 B2 Hsieh (45) Date of Patent: Mar
    USOO9285681 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.285,681 B2 Hsieh (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 15, 2016 (54) PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION WO WO-2009,133843 A1 * 11, 2009 AND USES THEREOF WO WO 2012, 176694 A1 * 12/2012 WO WO 2013/O12035 A1 * 1, 2013 (71) Applicant: CHI MEI CORPORATION, Tainan OTHER PUBLICATIONS (TW) "Aliphatic compounds” IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminol ogy one page from PAC, 1995, 67. 1307 (GLossary of class names of (72) Inventor: Li-Ting Hsieh, Tainan (TW) organic compounds and reactivity intermediates base on structure (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)) onpage 1313, obtained online (73) Assignee: CHI MEI CORPORATION, Tainan from IUPAC gold book.* (TW) CAS Registry No. 215806-04-5, one page obtained from SciFinder database on Mar. 31, 2015 idenying O 1382 as a trade name of this (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this compound, American Chemical Society copyright. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 English translation of WO 2009 133843 A1 published Nov. 5, 2009, Translation from ProQuest Dialog online done Mar. 30, 2015, 75 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. pages. SciFinder database entry for WO2009 133843 and the list of sub (21) Appl. No.: 14/281,715 stances identified therewith down loaged Apr. 1, 2013, 10 pages.* Derwent-ACC-No. 2009-R51511, English abstract of WO (22) Filed: May 19, 2014 2009 133843 A1 publication dated Nov. 5, 2009 (in same family as TW 201005019 A cited by applicants), Derwent Week: 201265, 6 (65) Prior Publication Data pages down loaded Apr. 1, 2015.* CAS Registry No.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan ADRENOCORTICAL STEROID PROFILE IN
    This dissertation has been Mic 61-2820 microfilmed exactly as received BESCH, Paige Keith. ADRENOCORTICAL STEROID PROFILE IN THE HYPERTENSIVE DOG. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1961 Chemistry, biological University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan ADRENOCORTICAL STEROID PROFILE IN THE HYPERTENSIVE DOG DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Paige Keith Besch, B. S., M. S. The Ohio State University 1961 Approved by Katharine A. Brownell Department of Physiology DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my wife, Dr. Norma F. Besch. After having completed her graduate training, she was once again subjected to almost social isolation by the number of hours I spent away from home. It is with sincerest appreciation for her continual encouragement that I dedi­ cate this to her. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to acknowledge the assistance and encourage­ ment of my Professor, Doctor Katharine A. Brownell. Equally important to the development of this project are the experience and information obtained through the association with Doctor Frank A. Hartman, who over the years has, along with Doctor Brownell, devoted his life to the development of many of the techniques used in this study. It is also with extreme sincerity that I wish to ac­ knowledge the assistance of Mr. David J. Watson. He has never complained when asked to work long hours at night or weekends. Our association has been a fruitful one. I also wish to acknowledge the encouragement of my former Professor, employer and good friend, Doctor Joseph W.
    [Show full text]