Table 3. Demographic information and frequency distribution of Y chromosome haplogroups in 77 Indian populations Y chromosome haplogroups and their defining markers L L1 M N O* O2a O2a1 O3 O3e P* Q* R* R1 R1a R1a1 R1b3 R2 Socio- cultural Caste/ Sample Population Language Province Affiliation Region Tribe size M11 M27 M5 M231 M175 M95 M88 M122 M134 M45 M242 M207 M173 SRY1532 M17 M269 M124 1 BHOKSHA IE UP BCS C CS 10 6 2 KANYAKUBJ BRAHMINS IE UP CS C CS 10 5 1 3 KHATRI IE UP CS C CS 7 6 1 4 Uttar Pradesh KURMI IE UP BCS C CS 6 5 Uttar Pradesh THAKUR IE UP CS C CS 5 5 6 JAUNSARI IE UP BCS C TR 6 2 3 7 THARU IE UP TR C TR 6 1 3 1 8 BANIYA IE BIH BCS E CS 11 3 4 9 BHUMIHAR IE BIH CS E CS 20 1 12 2 10 BIHAR BRAHMIN IE BIH CS E CS 18 13 1 11 KAYASTHA IE BIH CS E CS 14 6 1 12 KURMI IE BIH BCS E CS 13 1 3 2 13 RAJPUT IE BIH CS E CS 12 9 14 YADAV IE BIH BCS E CS 8 3 4 15 GOPE IE ORI BCS E CS 16 1 6 3 16 KARAN IE ORI CS E CS 18 10 4 17 KHANDAYAT IE ORI CS E CS 13 1 6 18 ORIYA BRAHMIN IE ORI CS E CS 24 4 1 1 1 10 3 19 BAURI IE WB BCS E CS 19 3 20 MAHISHIYA IE WB CS E CS 17 2 3 1 4 21 NAMASUDRA IE WB BCS E CS 13 4 3 22 BHUMIJ AA JHA TR E TR 15 11 2 23 BIRHOR AA JHA TR E TR 10 10 24 HO AA JHA TR E TR 7 7 25 KHARIA AA JHA TR ETR10 17 26 MUNDA AA JHA TR E TR 7 6 27 SANTHAL AA JHA TR E TR 7 7 28 JUANG AA ORI TR E TR 10 10 29 SAORA AA ORI TR E TR 13 6 3 30 LODHA AA WB TR E TR 4 1 31 OROAN DR JHA TR E TR 9 6 32 PAROJA DR ORI TR E TR 13 2 33 KARMALI IE WB TR E TR 16 16 34 KORA IE WB TR E TR 17 5 1 35 MAHELI IE WB TR E TR 13 2 36 NEPALI IE SIK CS NE CS 7 2 2 1 1 37 Manipur MUSLIM TB MZ CS NE CS 9 1 1 3 38 ADI PASI TB ARU TR NE TR 10 2 8 39 HMAR TB MZ TR NE TR 9 7 1 1 40 KUKI TB MZ TR NE TR 7 1 6 41 LAI TB MZ TR NE TR 10 5 5 42 LUSEI TB MZ TR NE TR 6 5 1 43 MARA TB MZ TR NE TR 5 4 1 44 BHUTIA TB SIK TR NE TR 4 1 45 Himachal Pradesh RAJPUT IE HIM CS N CS 15 1 1 1 2 1 2 46 ANDHRA BRAHMIN DR AP CS S CS 15 3 1 5 47 KAMMA CHAUDHARY DR AP CS S CS 15 1 1 1 11 48 KAPPU NAIDU DR AP CS S CS 18 2 2 13 49 KOMATI DR AP BCS S CS 20 3 14 50 RAJU DR AP BCS S CS 19 4 3 5 2 51 REDDY DR AP CS S CS 12 4 52 BHOVI DR KAR BCS S CS 13 3 1 53 CHRISTIAN DR KAR BCS S CS 7 1 1 54 GOWDA DR KAR BCS S CS 4 1 55 IYENGAR DR KAR CS S CS 17 4 2 56 LINGAYAT DR KAR CS S CS 10 2 1 3 57 MUSLIM DR KAR BCS S CS 4 1 58 CHAKKLIAR DR TN BCS S CS 9 1 59 GOUNDER DR TN CS S CS 14 5 60 KALLAR DR TN CS S CS 9 1 4 61 PALLAR DR TN BCS S CS 15 2 62 VANNIYAR DR TN CS S CS 10 3 63 LAMBADI IE AP TR S CS 18 4 1 4 5 1 64 CHENCHU DR AP TR S TR 20 2 1 3 4 65 YERUKULA DR AP TR S TR 18 1 1 6 66 KURUVA DR KAR TR S TR 10 4 2 67 IRULAR DR TN TR S TR 10 68 NAIKPOD GOND DR AP TR S TR 18 1 69 Gujarat PATEL IE GUJ CS W CS 9 2 2 1 70 CHITPAVAN BRAHMIN IE MAH CS W CS 15 2 2 3 71 DESASTH BRAHMIN IE MAH CS W CS 16 2 7 1 72 DHANGAR IE MAH BCS W CS 16 1 4 4 73 MARATHA IE MAH CS W CS 16 1 3 1 74 KATKARI IE MAH TR W TR 19 1 1 1 3 75 MAHADEO KOLI IE MAH TR W TR 11 1 4 76 PAWARA IE MAH TR W TR 16 1 1 1 77 MADIA GOND DR MAH TR W TR 14 4 1 1 Abbreviations: IE, Indo-European; AA, Austro-Asiatic; DR, Dravidian; TB, Tibeto-Burman; UP, Uttar Pradesh; BIH, Bihar; ORI, Orissa; WB, West Bengal; JHA, Jharkhand; SIK, Sikkim; MZ, Mizoram; ARU, Arunachal Pradesh; HIM, Himachal Pradesh; AP, Andhra Pradesh; KAR, Karnataka; TN, Tamilnadu; GUJ, Gujrat; MAH, Maharastra; BCS, Backward caste; CS, Caste; TR, Tribe; C, Central; E, East; NE, Northeast; N, North; S, South; W, West