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Echoes of Testimonies

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Echoes of Testimonies Echoes of Echoes of Testimonies The Victims and Witnesses Section (VWS) of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the Castleberry Peace Institute of the University of North Texas (UNT) Echoes of together conducted a pilot study into the long-term impact of testifying on witnesses who were called to testify before the ICTY. Key areas explored included reasons for testifying; socio-economic impact of testifying; security concerns; physical and psychological Testimonies Testimonies well-being, and perceptions about justice and the ICTY. A Pilot Study into the long-term impact Between 2013 and 2015, the VWS conducted interviews with of bearing witness before the ICTY 300 fact witnesses. The sample comprised 47 women and 253 men across a broad geographic area in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo and Serbia. To date, no study of this scale has ever utilised a systematic and scientific sampling process of such a large population of witnesses called by all parties (Prosecution, Defence and Chambers). The involvement of VWS allowed for the inclusion of witnesses who would have otherwise been excluded, such as witnesses whose identity is protected. UNT, as an external research partner, ensured the reliability and validity of the research process, including the independent analysis of data. Victims and Witnesses Section Valuable financial contribution provided by the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Echoes of Testimonies A Pilot Study into the long-term impact of bearing witness before the ICTY Echoes of testimonies A Pilot Study into the long-term impact of bearing witness before the ICTY A joint publication of the University of North Texas (UNT) and the Victims and Witnesses Section (VWS) at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) Team of Authors (in alphabetical order) University of North Texas and Castleberry Peace Institute Kimi King, J.D./Ph.D., Department of Political Science James Meernik, Ph.D., Department of Political Science Victims and Witnesses Section Sara Rubert, MSc Psychology, MSc Democracy and Human Rights in South East Europe, Associate Support Officer, Victims and Witnesses Section, ICTY Tiago de Smit, BC Social Work, Senior Support Assistant, Victims and Witnesses Section, ICTY Helena Vranov Schoorl, BC Social work, BSc Psychology, Head of Victims and Witnesses Support and Operations Unit, ICTY Editorial assistance provided by Conference and Language Services Section, ICTY University of North Texas Translation Conference and Language Services Section, ICTY Graphic design Kimi King, University of North Texas (data graphs) Leslie Hondebrink-Hermer, Graphics and Reproduction Unit, ICTY (cover & lay-out) Circulation: 275 copies Revised October 2016 Electronic version of the publication available at http://www.icty.org. Details about the cover image (wordle): visual depiction of the most frequently used words by witnesses when answering three open-ended questions at the end of the interview. Copyright All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational and other non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the University of North Texas and ICTY – Victims and Witnesses Section as the source is made. Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including the ICTY, or the UN Member States. Echoes of testimonies - A Pilot Study into the long-term impact of bearing witness before the ICTY Table of Contents The Pilot Study research team ............................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................... 5 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................... 7 List of abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 8 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1 - Testifying before the ICTY and the role of the VWS ........................................................... 11 1.1 Introduction to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia............................... 11 1.2 The role and importance of the Victims and Witnesses Section ..................................................... 13 1.2.1 Operations Unit: administration and logistics .......................................................................... 14 1.2.2 Protection Unit: security and safety concerns .......................................................................... 14 1.2.3 Support Unit: practical and psychosocial support .................................................................... 15 1.2.4 Supporting the support staff and the cost of compassion ....................................................... 15 1.3 The Support Unit: integration of the concept of “counselling and support” ................................... 16 1.3.1 The VWS support mechanisms ................................................................................................. 17 1.3.2 Extending the support program to the region of former Yugoslavia ........................................ 17 1.3.3 Follow-up .................................................................................................................................. 18 1.4 VWS Challenges ................................................................................................................................ 19 1.4.1 Resources .................................................................................................................................. 19 1.4.2 Managing expectations ............................................................................................................. 19 Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 20 Chapter 2 - Pilot Study: survey background and methodology ............................................................. 21 2.1 Goals ................................................................................................................................................ 21 2.2 Survey development process ........................................................................................................... 22 2.2.1 Previous data and research ...................................................................................................... 22 2.2.2 Focus groups and questionnaire ............................................................................................... 22 2.2.3 Institutional Review Board approval and translation ............................................................... 23 2.3 Participants and selection process ................................................................................................... 23 2.3.1 VWS witness data ..................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.2 Sampling and selection of eligible participants ........................................................................ 24 2.3.3 Participant recruitment ............................................................................................................ 25 2.4 Interview process and collection of data ......................................................................................... 28 2.4.1 Privacy and confidentiality........................................................................................................ 28 2.4.2 Locations and venues ............................................................................................................... 28 2.4.3 The interview ............................................................................................................................ 29 2.4.5 After the interview.................................................................................................................... 30 Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 31 1 Echoes of testimonies - A Pilot Study into the long-term impact of bearing witness before the ICTY Chapter 3 - The witnesses and the process of testifying ....................................................................... 33 3.1 The Pilot Study population ............................................................................................................... 33 3.1.1 Interviews and geographic distribution .................................................................................... 33 3.1.2 Interviewees’ demographic characteristics .............................................................................. 35 3.1.3 Interviewees and ICTY trials ...................................................................................................... 39 3.2 The impact of testifying ................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.1 Legal concerns .........................................................................................................................
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