World Pre-Trial/Remand Imprisonment List (Second Edition) Roy Walmsley

World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition) Roy Walmsley

Introduction Key points The World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List gives CC Two and a half million people in pre-trial detention and details of the number of prisoners held in pre-trial other forms of remand imprisonment are recorded in this detention and other forms of remand imprisonment in 211 List. In addition it is believed that there are about 250,000 independent countries and dependent territories. It also such prisoners in China and, taking account of those in the shows the percentage of pre-trial/remand prisoners within countries on which official information is unavailable and of each national prison population and the pre-trial/remand those pre-trial detainees in police facilities who are omitted population rate (the number of pre-trial/remand prisoners from national totals, there will be close to three million per 100,000 of the national population). Information is also held in pre-trial detention and other forms of remand given on the trend in the pre-trial/remand population rate. imprisonment throughout the world. An estimate is made of the total world pre-trial/remand CC The total includes some 480,000 in the United States, population and attention is drawn to differences in the 255,000 in India, 195,000 in Brazil, 116,000 in Russia, level of pre-trial/remand imprisonment across the world. 107,000 in Mexico, 70,000 in the Philippines, 66,000 in The information is the latest available at the beginning of Thailand, 55,000 in Iran, 50,000 in both Indonesia and May 2014. Pakistan, 48,000 in Turkey, 47,000 in Bangladesh, 44,000 The International Centre for Prison Studies (ICPS) in South Africa, 40,000 in Colombia, 37,000 in both Nigeria published in November 2013 the tenth edition of the and Peru, 35,000 in Venezuela, 32,000 in Morocco and World Prison Population List. This World Pre-trial/Remand 31,000 in Argentina. Imprisonment List (like the World Female Imprisonment CC In a majority of countries (56%) the proportion of the List, the second edition of which was published in 2012) total prison population who are in pre-trial/remand provides information about a specific section of the imprisonment is between 10% and 40%. But pre-trial/ prison population; both of them complement the World remand prisoners constitute more than 40% of the prison Prison Population List and the information which the ICPS population in about half the countries of Africa and the publishes and updates monthly in the World Prison Brief Americas and in South Central Asia and Western Asia. section of its website (www.prisonstudies.org). CC The countries with the highest proportion of the total prison In providing information about prisoners held in pre-trial population in pre-trial/remand imprisonment are: Comoros and other forms of remand imprisonment, this List refers (92%), Libya (87%), Liberia and Bolivia (both 83%), to those persons who, in connection with an alleged Democratic Republic of Congo (82%), Benin, Congo and offence or offences, are deprived of liberty following Lebanon (all 75%), Monaco (73%), Paraguay (72.5%), Haiti a judicial or other legal process but have not been (71%), Cameroon and Yemen (both 70%), Nigeria (69%), definitively sentenced by a court for the offence(s). They Bangladesh (68%), Philippines, Uruguay and Venezuela (all will be in one of five stages, although not all legal systems 67%) and India and Pakistan (both 66%) and not all cases will involve all five stages: • the ‘investigation’ stage, when they are being CC In a majority of countries (55%) the pre-trial/remand interrogated to see if there is justification for bringing a population rate is below 40 per 100,000 of the national court case against them; population. However, in the Americas only three countries do not exceed that level and thirteen countries have rates • the ‘awaiting trial’ stage, after the investigation has of more than 150 per 100,000. ended and a decision has been taken to bring a court case; CC Guam, the U.S. territory in the Pacific Ocean, has the highest rate in the world, with 272 per 100,000 of the island’s • the ‘trial’ stage, while the trial is actually taking place; population, followed by Panama (261), Grenada (209), Belize • the stage when they have been convicted by the court (202), U.S. Virgin Islands (195), Uruguay (194), Antigua but not yet sentenced – the ‘convicted unsentenced’ & Barbuda (186), St Kitts & Nevis (181), Curacao (169), stage; and Seychelles (163), Barbados (162), Bahamas (159), Trinidad & Tobago (157), U.S.A. (153) and Anguilla-U.K (150). • the ‘awaiting final sentence’ stage, when they have been provisionally sentenced by the court but are CC The available trend information shows that the pre-trial/ awaiting the result of an appeal process which occurs remand population rate (the proportion of the national before the definitive sentence is confirmed. population that are in pre-trial/remand imprisonment) has grown in 98 countries and fallen in 80. In Africa and Asia The World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List has been it has fallen in more countries than it has grown but in compiled, like the World Prison Population List, from a Europe and Oceania it has grown in more countries than variety of sources. In almost all cases the original source it has fallen and in the Americas the rate has grown in 32 is the national prison administration of the country countries and fallen only in seven. concerned, or else the Ministry responsible for the prison administration.

1 World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition)

Table 1 AFRICA Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate) imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n) Northern Africa Algeria 5,500 8/12 10.0% 36.57m 15 2000 32; 2004 31; 2008 20 Egypt 6,392 31/12/06 9.9% 73.61m 9 2001 16; 2005 12 Libya 4,440 15/9/13 87.2% 6.21m 71 2004 121; 2007 110; 2010 104 Morocco 32,626 30/9/12 46.2% 32.65m 100 2000 79; 2005 87; 2010 95 Sudan 3,893 /13 20.4% 37.96m 10 2003 4; 2011 7 Tunisia 13,000 11/13 52.0% 10.88m 119 not available Western Africa Benin 5,174 /10 74.9% 8.85m 58 2002 46; 2007 67 Burkina Faso 2,418 31/12/13 41.5% 18.17m 13 2000 11; 2005 10; 2010 12 Cape Verde 399 /12 29.6% 494,000 81 1999 65; 2010 66 Côte d’Ivoire c. 3,916 31/12/13 c. 44.0% 20.55m c. 19 2002 22; 2007 17 Gambia c. 300 31/12/13 c. 30.0% 1.88m c. 16 1999 8; 2009 14 Ghana 3,012 7/10/13 21.4% 26.25m 11 2001 11; 2005 17; 2010 14 Guinea (Conakry) c. 1,690 /13 c. 65.0% 11.75m c. 14 2002 17; 2008 18 Liberia c. 1,516 /13 c. 83.0% 4.29m c. 35 2007 23; 2009 29 Mali 2,492 /13 50.2% 15.30m 16 2002 25; 2011 17 Mauritania 807 /13 48.5% 3.89m 21 2010 19 Niger 3,845 /13 54.0% 17.83m 22 2007 27; 2010 16 Nigeria 36,983 30/6/13 68.7% 170.23m 22 2000 22; 2005 20; 2010 22 Senegal 3,491 21/12/12 41.4% 13.24m 26 2000 18; 2005 19; 2008 23 Sierra Leone 1,913 18/9/13 58.3% 6.12m 31 2005 14; 2009 19 Togo 2,648 /13 61.8% 6.41m 41 not available Central Africa Angola 9,487 11/11 47.7% 19.81m 48 1999 29; 2003 23 Cameroon 16,800 12/11 70.0% 21.41m 78 2003 76; 2008 76 Chad 3,064 31/12/11 63.4% 12.26m 25 2005 20 Congo (Brazzaville) c. 975 31/12/12 75.0% 4.39m c. 22 not available Dem Rep of Congo c.18,000 /10 c. 82.0% 62.19m c. 29 not available Gabon c. 1,166 /13 c. 33.3% 1.67m c. 70 2006 78 Sao Tome e Principe 25 30/9/13 12.9% 194,000 13 2002 53; 2006 45; 2010 49 South Sudan c. 3,600 6/11 c. 45.0% 10.38m c. 35 not available Eastern Africa Burundi 4,035 31/12/13 51.8% 9.13m 44 2002 77; 2005 66; 2010 69 Comoros 189 10/13 91.7% 740,000 26 not available Djibouti c. 275 /13 c. 50.0% 873,000 c. 32 1999 47; 2011 44 Ethiopia 15,723 2009-10 14.0% 82.44m 19 1999-2000 48; 2004-05 33 Kenya 18,720 10/12 36.0% 42.97m 44 2001 45; 2005 61; 2009 51 Madagascar c. 9,921 /13 53.0% 22.48m c. 44 1999 88; 2005 78; 2010 38 Malawi 1,957 4/9/13 15.6% 16.35m 12 2001 19; 2005 17; 2010 8 Mauritius 1,052 16/1/13 39.5% 1.32m 80 2000 33; 2005 67; 2009 59 Mozambique 5,108 9/13 32.6% 25.10m 20 1999 49; 2008 23 Rwanda 3,952 31/12/12 7.1% 11.41m 35 not available Seychelles 144 13/8/12 24.3% 88,500 163 2006 33; 2010 148 Tanzania 17,224 17/10/13 50.1% 49.17m 35 2000 54; 2005 52; 2010 44 Uganda c. 16,830 6/12 52.0% 35.50m c. 47 2005 53; 2008 48; 2010 52 Zambia 3,950 17/9/13 23.2% 14.29m 28 2000 29; 2005 43; 2007 66 Zimbabwe 3,689 8/2/10 27.6% 12.53m 29 2000 46; 2005 43; 2010 29 Mayotte (France) 85 2/6/09 39.5% 198,000 43 not available Southern Africa Botswana 1,000 9/13 24.6% 2.02m 50 2000 58; 2004 82; 2009 45 Lesotho 474 /13 19.7% 2.24m 21 2005 23; 2009 21 Namibia c. 340 1/12/10 c. 8.0% 2.30m c. 15 2001 13; 2007 15 South Africa 43,735 8/4/14 27.8% 53.51m 82 2000 127; 2005 97; 2010 93 Swaziland 619 3/12 18.1% 1.22m 51 2002 148; 2005 103; 2009 62 Figures not available Western Africa: Guinea Bissau. Central Africa: Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea. Eastern Africa: Eritrea, Somalia, Réunion (France).

2 World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition)

Table 2 AMERICAS Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate) imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n) North America Canada 13,922* 2010-11 35.0% 34.09m 41 2000-01 28; 05-06 37; 08-09 43 *(average daily population, including young offenders, 1/4/2010-31/3/2011) USA c. 480,860 /12 c. 21.6% 315.09m c. 153 2000 123; 2005 156; 2010 157 Bermuda (UK) 25 31/10/07 9.6% 65,000 38 2003 103 Greenland (Denmark) 37 avrge 13 21.2% 56,500 65 2000 12; 2005 16; 2010 81 Central America Belize 673 31/8/13 40.8% 333,000 202 2001 51; 2005 116; 2010 98 Costa Rica 3,357 31/7/12 22.4% 4.77m 70 2002 46; 2005 58; 2010 59 El Salvador 5,861 27/1/14 21.9% 6.32m 93 2001 86; 2005 58; 2010 129 Guatemala 8,209 13/8/13 50.3% 15.50m 53 2001 37; 2005 25; 2010 38 Honduras c. 6,485 9/13 50.0% 8.12m c. 80 1999 157; 2005 106; 2010 75 Mexico 106,541 28/2/14 42.6% 118.10m 90 2000 64; 2005 83; 2010 82 Nicaragua 1,127 31/12/12 12.3% 6.01m 19 2004 15; 2008 25 Panama 9,593 30/9/13 63.4% 3.68m 261 2000 176; 2005 223; 2010 203 Caribbean Antigua & Barbuda 171 25/7/13 46.1% 92,000 186 2005 62; 2007 78; 2011 159 Bahamas c. 600 10/13 c. 42.0% 378,500 c. 159 2002 93; 2005 196; 2010 139 Barbados 459 1/13 44.1% 284,000 162 2000 188; 2007 112; 2009 120 Dominica 60 8/13 23.9% 68,000 88 1999 183; 2005 84; 2007 69 Dominican Republic 13,285 31/7/13 53.2% 10.29m 129 2000 143; 2005 105; 2010 137 Grenada 219 13/2/12 52.3% 105,000 209 2002 44; 2005 40; 2009 76 Haiti 7,019 4/8/13 70.6% 10.33m 68 1999 36; 2005 35; 2010 36 Jamaica 620 22/9/13 14.8% 2.77m 22 2003 21; 2005 30; 2009 22 St Kitts & Nevis 98 26/8/13 29.7% 54,000 181 1999 64; 2005 115; 2010 110 St Lucia 232 11/12 40.8% 179,000 130 1999 68; 2005 99; 2010 142 St Vincent & Grenadines 106 3/13 23.0% 109,000 97 2001 47; 2006 73; 2011 116 Trinidad & Tobago 2,100 22/10/13 43.3% 1.34m 157 2000 116; 2005 121; 2008 121 Anguilla (UK) 21 18/12/12 27.6% 14,000 150 2007 131 Aruba (Netherlands) 46 6/07 16.6% 101,000 46 2005 10 Cayman Islands (UK) 38 31/8/09 19.6% 56,340 67 1999 48; 2004 125 Curacao (Netherlands) 242 6/6/07 41.0% 142,870 169 2002 329; 2006 140 Martinique (France) 436 1/5/11 49.3% 407,000 107 not available Puerto Rico (US) 2,235 7/06 15.7% 3.93m 57 not available Sint Maarten (Neth) 17 9/7/07 18.1% 39,470 43 not available Virgin Is. (UK) 38 12/10 32.5% 27,000 141 not available Virgin Is. (US) 208 3/13 36.4% 106,700 195 not available South America Argentina 31,301 31/12/12 50.3% 41.72m 75 2002 70; 2005 82; 2010 76 Bolivia 12,309 /13 83.3% 10.53m 117 2000 64; 2005 54; 2009 61 Brazil 195,036 12/12 38.0% 199.78m 98 2000 46; 2005 55; 2010 84 Chile 11,017 31/3/14 24.9% 17.67m 62 2000 104; 2005 79; 2010 69 Colombia 39,730 31/3/14 33.4% 48.66m 82 2000 51; 2005 59; 2010 56 Ecuador c. 8,900 10/12/13 c. 36.0% 14.30m c. 62 2001 43; 2005 59; 2009 52 Guyana 690 31/12/12 34.0% 756,500 91 2001 57; 2005 64; 2010 125 Paraguay 6,695 /13 72.5% 6.79m 99 1999 72; 2005 76; 2010 67 Peru 36,670 12/13 54.2% 30.68m 120 2001 59; 2005 84; 2010 92 Suriname c. 505 2/11 c. 50.0% 528,000 c. 96 not available Uruguay 6,594 2/13 67.1% 3.40m 194 1999 94; 2006 124; 2010 172 Venezuela 35,342 /13 66.8% 30.41m 116 2000 26; 2005 36; 2010 98 Figures not available Caribbean: Cuba, Guadeloupe (France). South America: French Guiana/Guyane (France).

3 World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition)

Table 3 ASIA Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate) imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n) Western Asia Bahrain 882 /12 38.2% 839,000 105 not available Iraq 20,821 31/12/12 46.1% 34.24m 61 not available Israel 7,852 31/12/08 35.8% 7.19m 109 2003 43; 2005 48; 2007 114 Jordan 2,957 18/8/11 47.2% 6.35m 47 2001 48; 2005 57 Kuwait c. 410 /11 c. 10.0% 3.13m c. 13 2002 26; 2005 15; 2009 14 Lebanon 3,981 17/12/13 75.3% 4.89m 81 2000 96; 2005 92; 2009 75 Oman 78 /02 5.6% 2.31m 3 not available Qatar c. 500 /13 c. 43.5% 2.17m c. 23 2006 31 Saudi Arabia 16,790 /02 58.7% 21.46m 78 2000 78 Syria 5,353 /04 50.5% 17.68m 30 2003 39 United Arab Emirates 5,134 /06 45.9% 4.88m 105 2003 109; 2005 107 Yemen 9,920 2/13 70.1% 25.96m 38 2004 30; 2006 23; 2010 25 Central Asia Kazakhstan 6,601 1/1/14 13.2% 17.17m 38 2000 110; 2005 55; 2010 50 Kyrgyzstan 2,056 1/1/12 20.9% 5.43m 38 2003 55; 2006 52; 2009 36 Tajikistan 1,100 1/1/08 15.0% 7.19m 17 2006 28 Turkmenistan 1,356 /06 12.4% 4.80m 28 2005 25 Uzbekistan c. 3,400 /07 c. 10.0% 26.67m c. 13 2003 22 South Central Asia Afghanistan 7,365 31/12/13 25.4% 35.05m 21 2006 15; 2010 15 Bangladesh 46,919 12/12 68.3% 155.57m 30 2003 32; 2006 33; 2010 33 India 254,857 31/12/12 66.2% 1,266.8m 20 2000 18; 2005 21; 2010 19 Iran c. 55,000 7/12 c. 25.0% 75.68m c. 73 2010 58 Nepal 5,003 13/3/09 58.9% 29.28m 17 2002 17; 2005 14 Pakistan 49,582 31/12/12 66.2% 180.65m 27 1999 43; 2004 33; 2009 34 Sri Lanka 9,835 15/10/13 43.9% 21.44m 46 2000 44; 2005 57; 2010 67 South Eastern Asia Brunei Darussalam 51 mid-13 9.3% 420,000 12 2000 10; 2005 10; 2010 4 Cambodia 8,839 3/14 60.5% 14.73m 60 2000 16; 2005 18; 2010 31 Indonesia 49,690 mid-12 32.8% 244.79m 20 2000 10; 2005 18; 2010 20 Laos 40 mid-04 1.0% 5.70m 7 not available Malaysia 8,887 mid-13 21.9% 29.76m 30 2000 33; 2005 51; 2010 37 Myanmar (Burma) 6,495 mid-09 10.8% 51.54m 13 2001 10; 2007 15 Philippines c. 70,000 /13 c. 63.1% 98.13m c. 71 2001 45; 2005 68; 2010 60 Singapore 3,277 mid-13 24.6% 5.51m 59 2000 59; 2005 70; 2010 40 Thailand 66,417 1/3/14 22.7% 67.15m 99 2000 128; 2005 63; 2010 80 Timor-Leste c. 136 31/12/13 c. 31.7% 1.14m c. 12 2003 23; 2009 9 Vietnam 15,150 mid-12 11.6% 90.80m 17 not available Eastern Asia Japan 6,941 30/6/13 10.7% 127.26m 5 2000 9; 2005 8; 2010 6 Korea (Republic of) 16,352 30/6/13 33.7% 48.84m 33 2000 54; 2005 37; 2010 32 Mongolia 1,150 mid-13 14.5% 2.89m 40 2003 64; 2005 74; 2010 57 Taiwan 3,275 31/1/14 5.1% 23.38m 14 2000 26; 2005 28; 2010 22 Hong Kong (China) 1,532 31/12/13 16.9% 7.20m 21 2000 19; 2005 17; 2010 19 Macau (China) 238 31/12/12 21.4% 582,000 41 2000 41; 2005 40; 2010 42 Figures not available South Central Asia: Bhutan, Maldives. Eastern Asia: China, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of North Korea).

4 World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition)

Table 4 EUROPE Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate) imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n) Northern Europe Denmark 1,382 1/9/13 33.8% 5.61m 25 2000 17; 2005 19; 2010 25 Estonia 561 14/4/14 18.8% 1.31m 43 2000 119; 2005 81; 2010 62 Finland 606 1/1/13 19.3% 5.43m 11 2000 7; 2005 10; 2010 11 Iceland 13 1/9/13 8.4% 321,400 4 2000 6; 2005 6; 2010 4 Ireland 564 2/14 14.1% 4.60m 12 2000 10; 2005 11; 2010 14 Latvia 2,242 4/14 42.5% 2.00m 112 2000 153; 2005 115; 2010 89 Lithuania 1,179 1/1/13 12.1% 2.96m 40 2000 63; 2005 37; 2010 36 Norway 1,049 1/9/13 28.7% 5.10m 21 2000 14; 2005 13; 2010 21 Sweden 1,420 1/10/13 24.5% 9.61m 15 2000 15; 2005 16; 2010 18 United Kingdom – England & Wales 11,800 31/3/14 13.8% 57.26m 21 2000 22; 2005 24; 2010 24 – Northern Ireland 437 31/12/13 24.3% 1.84m 24 2000 19; 2005 26; 2010 28 – Scotland 1,508 25/4/14 19.4% 5.34m 28 2000 19; 2005 23; 2010 28 Faeroe Is. (Denmark) 3 avrge 13 26.9% 48,120 5 2003 10; 2005 2; 2010 7 Guernsey (UK) 20 25/4/14 20.4% 66,000 30 1999 26; 2004 33; 2010 33 Isle of Man (UK) 14 9/9/13 14.4% 86,000 16 2000 13; 2005 20; 2010 33 Jersey (UK) 36 10/9/13 22.1% 98,750 36 2001 30; 2005 54; 2010 55 Southern Europe Albania 2,090 10/13 40.2% 2.87m 73 2001 47; 2005 55; 2010 59 Andorra 17 19/12/12 47.2% 86,850 20 2001 51; 2005 17; 2010 24 Bosnia & Herzegovina – Federation 258 1/9/12 15.2% 2.35m 11 2000 15; 2005 11; 2010 14 – Republika Srpska 96 31/12/13 9.6% 1.33m 7 2001 13; 2005 13; 2010 14 Croatia 767 1/1/13 16.2% 4.38m 18 2000 17; 2005 20; 2010 27 Cyprus 368* 1/9/12 39.6% 864,600* 43 2000 6; 2005 13; 2010 50 *(Does not include the internationally unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).) Greece 4,254 1/1/12 34.1% 11.29m 38 2000 20; 2005 22; 2010 31 Italy 21,659 31/3/14 36.0% 60.05m 36 2000 41; 2005 37; 2010 49 Kosovo/Kosova 602 15/11/13 35.5% 1.83m 33 2001 19; 2004 23; 2009 23 Macedonia (F Yug Rep) c. 500 12/13 c. 16.6% 2.06m c. 24 2000 11; 2005 13; 2010 23 Malta 182 1/9/11 30.4% 416,700 44 2001 20; 2005 24; 2009 41 Montenegro 348 9/13 32.6% 623,600 56 2002 36; 2006 66; 2010 107 Portugal 2,501 1/4/14 17.3% 10.42m 24 2000 38; 2005 29; 2010 22 San Marino* 0 1/9/12 0% 32,500 0 1999 0; 2005 3; 2010 0 *(By agreement with Italy, most persons imprisoned by San Marino are held in Italian prisons.) Serbia 2,532 31/12/12 24.8% 7.21m 35 2000 17; 2005 32; 2010 46 Slovenia 219 1/9/13 16.1% 2.06m 11 2000 17; 2005 16; 2010 16 Spain 8,951 25/4/14 13.4% 46.41m 19 2000 23; 2005 32; 2010 32 Gibraltar (UK) 31 31/12/11 40.3% 29,750 104 2001 11; 2005 35; 2010 65 Western Europe Austria 1,754 1/12/12 20.1% 8.48m 21 2000 21; 2005 24; 2010 23 Belgium 3,600 avrge 12 31.8% 11.14m 32 2000 30; 2005 34; 2010 34 France 16,759* 1/4/14 26.1% 64.13m* 26 2000 29; 2005 32; 2010 24 *(Metropolitan France, excluding departments and territories in Africa, the Americas and Oceania.) Germany 11,271 30/11/13 18.0% 80.70m 14 2000 22; 2005 19; 2010 13 Liechtenstein* 2 11/13 28.6% 36,800 5 2002 21; 2006 11; 2010 20 *(By agreement with Austria, some persons imprisoned by Liechtenstein are held in Austrian prisons.) Luxembourg 298 1/9/13 41.6% 546,700 55 2000 41; 2005 60; 2010 60 Monaco* 30 1/9/12 73.2% 36,000 83 2000 26; 2005 57; 2010 8 *(By agreement with France, some persons imprisoned by Monaco are held in French prisons.) Netherlands 5,406 30/9/12 47.3% 16.79m 32 2000 27; 2005 38; 2010 34 Switzerland 2,870 4/9/13 40.6% 8.10m 35 2000 33; 2005 32; 2010 32 Europe/Asia Armenia 1,167 24/5/13 24.5% 2.98m 39 2001 25; 2005 24; 2010 45 Azerbaijan 3,493 7/13 17.7% 9.42m 37 2002 28; 2006 28; 2010 30 Georgia 1,781 31/3/14 18.0% 4.50m 40 2000 57; 2005 117; 2010 61 Russian Federation 115,600 1/4/14 17.1% 143.7m 80 2000 160; 2005 113; 2010 83 Turkey 48,242 1/9/12 40.1% 75.39m 64 2000 44; 2005 42; 2010 77

5 World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List (second edition)

Table 4 cont. EUROPE Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate) imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n) Central and Eastern Europe Belarus 5,800 1/10/12 18.2% 9.45m 61 2000 106; 2005 77; 2009 65 Bulgaria 2,351 1/1/12 21.1% 7.33m 32 2000 26; 2005 26; 2010 26 Czech Republic 2,144 31/3/14 12.5% 10.53m 20 2000 58; 2005 28; 2010 24 Hungary 5,247 30/9/13 28.8% 9.90m 53 2000 40; 2005 39; 2010 48 Moldova 1,260* 1/10/13 18.9% 3.56m* 35 2000 89; 2005 61; 2010 29 *(Does not include the internationally unrecognized Transnistria.) Poland 6,977 31/3/14 8.6% 38.53m 18 2000 58; 2005 35; 2010 22 Romania 2,521 31/3/14 9.3% 19.93m 13 2000 48; 2005 25; 2010 22 Slovakia 1,513 31/3/14 14.9% 5.42m 28 2000 35; 2005 53; 2010 27 Ukraine 21,111 1/4/14 17.3% 45.13m 54 2000 90; 2005 82; 2010 83

Table 5 OCEANIA Total number Date Percentage Estimated Pre-trial/remand Trend information in pre-trial/ of total national population rate (pre-trial/remand remand prison population (per 100,000 of population rate) imprisonment population (at date shown) national pop’n) Australia 7,375 30/6/13 24.0% 23.15m 32 2000 20; 2005 25; 2010 29 Fiji 344 9/13 22.5% 890,000 39 2000 8; 2005 12; 2010 35 Kiribati 13 6/9/13 9.2% 102,300 13 2000 8; 2005 2; 2010 4 Marshall Is. 2 9/13 5.6% 53,000 4 2010 8 Micronesia (Fed States of) 20 31/12/13 18.7% 104,000 19 not available Nauru 5 31/12/10 25.0% 10,000 50 2005 0 New Zealand 1,555 31/12/13 18.9% 4.49m 35 2000 19; 2005 27; 2010 44 Palau 4 30/4/05 4.1% 20,000 20 not available Papua New Guinea 1,229 31/12/13 31.8% 7.40m 17 2000 26; 2005 21; 2009 39 Samoa 26 26/9/07 14.0% 182,500 14 2003 11 Solomon Is. 106 7/10/13 32.5% 584,000 18 1999 11; 2005 22; 2010 18 Tonga 3 31/12/11 1.9% 105,000 3 2002 4; 2005 3; 2009 1 Tuvalu 0 9/13 0% 10,000 0 2005 0; 2010 10 Vanuatu 24 31/12/12 12.4% 255,000 9 2002 3; 2005 12; 2010 17 American Samoa (US) 33 31/12/05 14.9% 59,000 56 not available Cook Is. (NZ) 1 21/11/11 4.0% 20,000 5 2000 11; 2005 5 French Polynesia (France) 90 3/12 21.4% 276,000 33 not available Guam (US) 449 4/6/13 64.5% 165,000 272 2005 108; 2011 222 Figures not available New Caledonia (France), Northern Mariana Is. (US).

Sources The figures in the above tables originate almost always from the national prison administration or the Ministry responsible for prisons. Some were obtained indirectly, via national statistical offices, via United Nations surveys, via surveys for the annual meetings of the Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators, via the Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics (SPACE) and via U.S. State Department human rights reports.

Roy Walmsley is a consultant to the United Nations and an Associate of the International Centre for Prison Studies (ICPS). At ICPS he is director of the World Prison Brief, a comprehensive online database of information on the prison systems of the world, which is available free of charge at www.prisonstudies.org He also researches and compiles the World Prison Population List (tenth edition, 2013) and the World Female Imprisonment List (second edition, 2012), which are also published by the International Centre for Prison Studies.

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