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ANNUAL ASSESSMENT the Situation and Dynamics of the Jewish People 2016 5776

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ANNUAL ASSESSMENT the Situation and Dynamics of the Jewish People 2016 5776 ANNUAL ASSESSMENT The Situation and Dynamics of the Jewish People 2016 5776 Strategic Dilemmas Demographic Challenges in Jerusalem US Orthodox Community Partners and Members Board of Directors and Professional of the General Meeting: Guiding Council: Lester Crown and Charles Goodman Co-Chairs on behalf of Crown Family Philanthropies Stuart Eizenstat Dennis Ross William Davisdon Foundation Associate Chair Nathan and Frances Kirsh Leonid Nevzlin on behalf of the Kirsh Family Foundation Members of the Board Irina Nevzlin Elliott Abrams Yohanna Arbib on behalf of Nadav Foundation Irwin Cotler Robert Kapito and Jeffrey Schoenfeld Wendy Fisher on behalf of UJA Federation of New York Sami Friedrich Misha Galperin Charles Ratner Eric Goldstein as Chairman of the JAFI Board of Governors Dan Halperin Steve Hoffman Ratner Family Alan Hoffmann David Kolitz Natan Sharansky Vernon Kurtz as Chairman of the JAFI Executive Morlie Levin David Silvers Bernard-Henri Lévy Glen Lewy as Chairman of the JAFI Budget Judit Bokser Liwerant and Finance Committee Isaac Molho Paul E. Singer Steven Nasatir Yaakov Neeman on behalf of the Paul E. Singer Foundation Avi Pazner Rani Trainin Jehuda Reinharz as Deputy Chairman of JAFI Doron Shorer Jerry Silverman The Judy and Michael Steinhardt Foundation Ted Sokolsky Alan Solow Michael Steinhardt Our thanks to UJA Federation of New York, The Jewish Federations of North America, Aharon Yadlin The Jewish Federation of St. Louis, President and Founding Director The Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago, Avinoam Bar-Yosef The Jewish Federation of Cleveland, Arlene Kaufman and Sandy Baklor, Projects Coordinator Art Samberg and Marc Utay, Ita Alcalay Alex Grass z"l and Jack Kay z"l Founding President (Emeritus) for their support. Yehezkel Dror Annual Assessment 2016 5776 PROJECT HEAD Dr. Shlomo Fischer coNTRIBUtorS Avinoam Bar-Yosef, Susanne Cohen-Weisz, Rémi Daniel, Chaya Ekstein, Dan Feferman, Avi Gil, Inbal Hakman, Michael Herzog, Simon Luxemburg, David Landes, Dov Maimon, Steven Popper, Uzi Rebhun, Shmuel Rosner, John Ruskay, Noah Slepkov, Shalom Solomon Wald, Einat Wilf EDITORS Barry Geltman Rami Tal Copyright © The Jewish People Policy Institute (JPPI) (Established by the Jewish Agency for Israel) Ltd. (CC) Jerusalem 2016/5776 JPPI, Givat Ram Campus, P.O.B 39156, Jerusalem 9139101, Israel Telephone: 972-2-5633356 | Fax: 972-2-5635040 | www.jppi.org.il All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without express written permission from the publisher. Printed and Distributed by the Jewish People Policy Institute Graphic Design: Lotte Design Cover Design: Shlomit Wolf, Lotte Design ISBN 978-965-7549-15-5 Table of Contents Foreword by Stuart Eizenstat and Dennis Ross . 7 PART 1: Suggested Policy Directions, Integrated ‘Net’ Assessment Recommended Policy Directions . 13 2016 Integrated Net Assessment . 17 PART 2: Dimensions of Jewish Well-being Geopolitics An Opportunity for a Geopolitical Adjustment . 31 State-Level Anti-BDS Legislative Initiatives – Overview and Recommendations . 57 Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Index on anti-Semitism in Europe. 67 India and Israel . 75 Demography The Population of Israel . 85 Bonds Within and Between Communities Looking at Jewish Pluralism in Israel . 109 Identity Formation and Expression What are the Main Components of Jewishness? Results of JPPI Surveys . 115 After the Zionist Revolution: Patterns of Jewish Collective Identity among Israeli Jews . 125 Religious Zionism in Israel Today: Toward the Center . 137 Material Resources Jewish People Ways and Means, 2015-2016 . 153 People of the Book The Heritage of Jewish Literacy and Educational Achievement and the State of Education in Israel . .. 167 PART 3: Feature Articles Orthodox Jews in the United States . 191 French Aliyah: Governmental Efforts and Recommendations for Realizing the Full Potential . 215 Austrian Jewry 70+ Years after the Shoah . 225 The Jewish Community in Turkey . .. 235 Main Publications of the Jewish People Policy Institute . 241 1 Foreword 2016 has posed new dilemmas for Israel and the become essential to the budgeting and planning Jewish people. Developments in the Middle East processes for Jewish leaders around the globe. along with trends in the international arena are Like every year, the Assessment begins with the dividing analysts into two camps: the optimists, geopolitical situation. Rarely has the picture who at the moment see great opportunities and been so mixed. There are deeply troubling positive progress in the situation of Israel and the developments all around Israel, with threats to Jewish people; and the other camp which is greatly the state system from non-state actors like ISIS concerned by what may unfold once the regional and other radical Islamists. These groups threaten explosions have settled down. stability in the region and Jewish and non-Jewish The Annual Assessment continues to be the communities worldwide. flagship publication of the Jewish People Policy In its immediate neighborhood, Israel is threatened Institute. This 2016 edition examines trends today by the danger of renewed warfare with across five dimensions of Jewish well-being, Gaza, more than 100,000 Hezbollah rockets that using a dashboard of indicators to show whether now include capabilities of far greater range and the dynamics in the last year have improved, accuracy, and Palestinian terror in Israeli cities. And deteriorated or remain unchanged in each area. In yet at the same time, some of the threats Israel faces addition to the five gauges for Geopolitics, Bonds have become less immediate. The war in Syria that between Communities, Identity and Identification, has produced a humanitarian catastrophe also Demography, and Material Resources, this year involves a war between radical Sunni and Shias. we initiate a sixth, which refers to knowledge and Iran and its Hezbollah proxy have suffered serious innovation, based on the common perception that losses as they seek to preserve the Assad regime and the Jewish people are the "People of the Book." their position in Syria and the conduit it provides to The findings of the Annual Assessment are Lebanon. As such, Hezbollah has little interest in a presented to the Israeli Cabinet each year, and have conflict with Israel at this point. the jewish people policy institute 7 But it is not just that those who are Israel’s most activity in the West Bank, it disguises its real determined enemies are preoccupied elsewhere. objective. So long as Israel’s settlement activity It is that the landscape of the region itself seems does not appear consistent with a two-state to have shifted more favorably. The leading Sunni outcome, Israel will find it difficult to blunt the de- Arab states and leaders see Israel as a bulwark legitimization movement—and this is a factor in against their main threats: Iran and radical the new geopolitical reality. Islamists. Presently, Israel’s cooperation with the It is also affecting at least part of the triangular leading Sunni states—both Egypt and Jordan and relationship of Washington-Jerusalem-American the Gulf Arabs—is unprecedented. Ironically, that Jewry. Younger and more progressive Jews, cooperation is driven not only by common threat especially in the Democratic Party, are being perceptions but also by shared concerns about influenced by what they define as objectionable America’s perceived retrenchment in the region. Israeli policies. Palestinians are more successfully Fairly or not, both Israel and its Arab neighbors presenting themselves as victims. And absent believe that the nuclear deal that the U.S., and the Israeli initiatives that demonstrate tangibly that other members of the so-called 5+1 concluded Israel is seeking a "two states for two peoples" with Iran is facilitating Iran’s pursuit of hegemony outcome—and it is Palestinians that are resisting in the region—and that America is effectively any movement toward two states, the trends may acquising to in Iran’s growing reach. Still, the continue to worsen. absence of any agreement or prospect of progress on the Palestinian question ensures that the In this context, we are concerned about the trends cooperation between Israel and its Arab neighbors that suggest that Israel is becoming a partisan issue. Recent polls in the United States indicate remains discreet and largely invisible. that while over 80 percent of self-identified While the conflict with the Palestinians may not be Republicans are supportive of Israel compared impeding Israel’s growing, if private, cooperation to the Palestinians, among a similar group of with its Arab neighbors, it is increasingly isolating Democrats, the figure is only about 50 percent. Israel outside the region. As the Palestinians seek At one level, American Jewish engagement with to internationalize the conflict with Israel—and Israel is at an all-time high, in terms of visits, as Israel fails to make its case to the Europeans Birthright/Taglit programs, support for pro- and others—the threat of delegitimizing the Israel groups, and there is healthy growth in the Jewish state is growing on the international stage. American Orthodox community. But we also Movements like BDS exploit the international detect an opposing trend: the more liberal, Reform, rejection of Israeli occupation of Palestinians to Reconstructionist, Conservative, and secular parts disguise their real purpose: the de-legitimization of the American Jewish community may become of Israel. BDS is about ending Israel’s existence more distant as Israel demographically becomes not its occupation of Palestinians. But because more Orthodox and nationalistic. BDS focuses on occupation and Israeli settlement 8 the jewish people policy institute While JPPI has not changed its Community Bonds subjugation of the Palestinians in a way that is gauge from last year, whether the ties between the inconsistent with what many Jews in the Diaspora two great Jewish communities have strengthened believe are time-honored Jewish values. or weakened is an issue to be closely watched.
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