Dr. James Macdougall
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Georgia's October 2013 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications
Georgia’s October 2013 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs November 4, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43299 Georgia’s October 2013 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications Summary This report discusses Georgia’s October 27, 2013, presidential election and its implications for U.S. interests. The election took place one year after a legislative election that witnessed the mostly peaceful shift of legislative and ministerial power from the ruling party, the United National Movement (UNM), to the Georgia Dream (GD) coalition bloc. The newly elected president, Giorgi Margvelashvili of the GD, will have fewer powers under recently approved constitutional changes. Most observers have viewed the 2013 presidential election as marking Georgia’s further progress in democratization, including a peaceful shift of presidential power from UNM head Mikheil Saakashvili to GD official Margvelashvili. Some analysts, however, have raised concerns over ongoing tensions between the UNM and GD, as well as Prime Minister and GD head Bidzini Ivanishvili’s announcement on November 2, 2013, that he will step down as the premier. In his victory speech on October 28, Margvelashvili reaffirmed Georgia’s Euro-Atlantic foreign policy orientation, including the pursuit of Georgia’s future membership in NATO and the EU. At the same time, he reiterated that GD would continue to pursue the normalization of ties with Russia. On October 28, 2013, the U.S. State Department praised the Georgian presidential election as generally democratic and expressing the will of the people, and as demonstrating Georgia’s continuing commitment to Euro-Atlantic integration. -
Urgent Action
Further information on UA: 61/16 Index: EUR 56/3993/2016 Georgia Date: 10 May 2016 URGENT ACTION BILL BANNING SAME-SEX MARRIAGE MOVES FORWARD The bill which would amend the Constitution introducing a definition of marriage as a union exclusively between a man and a woman, received the endorsement of the Parliament’s Human Rights and Civil Integration Committee on 5 May. Now the bill has to go through other committee hearings after which it will be voted by the parliament. On 5 May the Parliament’s Human Rights and Civil Integration Committee endorsed the bill which would amend the Georgian Constitution introducing a definition of marriage explicitly as a union between a man and a woman. The committee hearings follow weeks of public discussions on the bill organized by the parliament across Georgia. According to the Parliament’s First Vice Speaker the bill has received overwhelming public support. Georgian Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI) activists could not attend the discussions, citing security reasons and a hostile atmosphere in the discussion venues. The bill has now to go through other committee hearings, after which it will be voted by the parliament. The First Vice Speaker of the parliament told Georgian media on 5 May that should the bill not receive enough support among parliamentarians, a referendum on the banning of same-sex marriage in the Constitution might be organised. The Central Election Commission of Georgia already registered a request for such referendum on 28 March. This request was the initiative of a citizens’ group and now needs a minimum of 200,000 signatures supporting the referendum, after which the President of Georgia will decide on the matter. -
News Digest on Georgia
NEWS DIGEST ON GEORGIA July 13-16 Compiled by: Aleksandre Davitashvili Date: July 17, 2018 Occupied Regions Abkhazia Region 1. Saakashvili, Akhalaia, Kezerashvili, Okruashvili included in black list of occupied Abkhazia The "Organization of War Veterans" of occupied Abkhazia has presented “Khishba-Sigua List” to the de-facto parliament of Abkhazia. The following persons are included in the list set up in response to Georgian central government’s so-called “Otkhozoria-Tatunashvili List” : Ex-president Mikheil Saakashvili, former defence ministers – Bacho Akhalaia, Davit Kezerashvili, Irakli Okruashvili, Tengiz Kitovani and Gia Karkarashvili, former secretary of the National Security Council Irakli Batiashvili, former internal affairs minister Vano Merabishvili, Former head of the Joint Staff of the Georgian Armed Forces Zaza Gogava, former Defense Ministry senior official Megis Kardava, Brigadier General Mamuka Kurashvili, leader of "Forest Brothers" Davit Shengelia, former employee of the MIA Roman Shamatava and other persons are included in the list (IPN.GE, July 15, 2018). 2. Sergi Kapanadze says “Khishba-Sigua List” by de-facto Abkhazia is part of internal game and means nothing for Georgia There is no need to make a serious comment about “Khishba-Sigua List” as this list cannot have any effect on the public life of Georgia, Sergi Kapanadze, member of the “European Georgia” party, told reporters. The lawmaker believes that the list will not have legal or political consequences. (IPN.GE, July 15, 2018). Foreign Affairs 3. Jens Stoltenberg – We agreed to continue working together to prepare Georgia for NATO membership “We also met with the Presidents of Georgia and Ukraine. Together we discussed shared concerns. -
Georgia: What Now?
GEORGIA: WHAT NOW? 3 December 2003 Europe Report N°151 Tbilisi/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 2 A. HISTORY ...............................................................................................................................2 B. GEOPOLITICS ........................................................................................................................3 1. External Players .........................................................................................................4 2. Why Georgia Matters.................................................................................................5 III. WHAT LED TO THE REVOLUTION........................................................................ 6 A. ELECTIONS – FREE AND FAIR? ..............................................................................................8 B. ELECTION DAY AND AFTER ..................................................................................................9 IV. ENSURING STATE CONTINUITY .......................................................................... 12 A. STABILITY IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD ...............................................................................12 B. THE PRO-SHEVARDNADZE -
Georgia: Background and U.S
Georgia: Background and U.S. Policy Updated September 5, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45307 SUMMARY R45307 Georgia: Background and U.S. Policy September 5, 2018 Georgia is one of the United States’ closest non-NATO partners among the post-Soviet states. With a history of strong economic aid and security cooperation, the United States Cory Welt has deepened its strategic partnership with Georgia since Russia’s 2008 invasion of Analyst in European Affairs Georgia and 2014 invasion of Ukraine. U.S. policy expressly supports Georgia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders, and Georgia is a leading recipient of U.S. aid in Europe and Eurasia. Many observers consider Georgia to be one of the most democratic states in the post-Soviet region, even as the country faces ongoing governance challenges. The center-left Georgian Dream party has more than a three-fourths supermajority in parliament, allowing it to rule with only limited checks and balances. Although Georgia faces high rates of poverty and underemployment, its economy in 2017 appeared to enter a period of stronger growth than the previous four years. The Georgian Dream won elections in 2012 amid growing dissatisfaction with the former ruling party, Georgia: Basic Facts Mikheil Saakashvili’s center-right United National Population: 3.73 million (2018 est.) Movement, which came to power as a result of Comparative Area: slightly larger than West Virginia Georgia’s 2003 Rose Revolution. In August 2008, Capital: Tbilisi Russia went to war with Georgia to prevent Ethnic Composition: 87% Georgian, 6% Azerbaijani, 5% Saakashvili’s government from reestablishing control Armenian (2014 census) over Georgia’s regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, Religion: 83% Georgian Orthodox, 11% Muslim, 3% Armenian which broke away from Georgia in the early 1990s to Apostolic (2014 census) become informal Russian protectorates. -
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION in GEORGIA 27Th October 2013
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN GEORGIA 27th October 2013 European Elections monitor The candidate in office, Giorgi Margvelashvili, favourite in the Presidential Election in Georgia Corinne Deloy Translated by Helen Levy On 27th October next, 3,537,249 Georgians will be electing their president of the republic. The election is important even though the constitutional reform of 2010 deprived the Head of State of some of his powers to be benefit of the Prime Minister and Parliament (Sakartvelos Parlamenti). The President of the Republic will no longer be able to dismiss the government and convene a new Analysis cabinet without parliament’s approval. The latter will also be responsible for appointing the regional governors, which previously lay within the powers of the President of the Republic. The constitutional reform which modified the powers enjoyed by the head of State was approved by the Georgian parliament on 21st March last 135 votes in support, i.e. all of the MPs present. The outgoing President, Mikheil Saakashvili (United National Movement, ENM), in office since the election on 4th January 2004 cannot run for office again since the Constitution does not allow more than two consecutive mandates. Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia in coalition with Mikheil Saakashvili. 10 have been appointed by politi- Our Georgia-Free Democrats led by former representa- cal parties, 13 by initiative groups. 54 people registe- tive of Georgia at the UN, Irakli Alasania, the Republi- red to stand in all. can Party led by Davit Usupashvili, the National Forum The candidates are as follows: led by Kakha Shartava, the Conservative Party led by Zviad Dzidziguri and Industry will save Georgia led by – Giorgi Margvelashvili (Georgian Dream-Democratic Prime Minister Bidzina Ivanishvili has been in office Georgia), former Minister of Education and Science and since the general elections on 1st October 2012. -
The Issue of Contemporary Separatism in Caucasus and Its Outcome on Georgia /Abkhazia/: New Approaches to Conflict Peaceful R
Giorgi Merabishvili, Ph.D. Sokhumi State University ”The issue of contemporary separatism in Caucasus and its outcome on Georgia, Abkhazia; new approaches to conflict peaceful resolution”. Already 20 years have passed since the start of the Georgian-Abkhazian war in 1992. The conflict has persisted to this day and brings with it insecurity, deep mistrust, long-term displacement and serious constraints on growth and development. Georgian-Abkhazian conflict refers to the ethnic conflict between Georgians and Abkhazians and in a broader sense can be considered as a part of the geopolitical conflict in the Caucasus region remaining unresolved. Such persisting “frozenness” restricts sustainable economic and social development as well as the establishment of free democratic civil societies. As the Georgian historians note, the fact of Russian permanent imperial aspirations to tear off the North-West part of Georgia has become “the reason of history politisation and falsification of the historical past of Abkhazia and along to it of the whole Georgia. Namely, at the beginning of the 20th century, under the motto “Abkhazia is not Georgia” Apsua-Abkhazian political separatism as one of Russian imperialism varieties and its stronghold in Georgia was formed”. (1) During last twenty years several works in Russian and English languages have been published by Abkhazian historians: S. Lakoba, O. Bgazhba. V. Chirikba, M. Gunba, E. Ajinjal, D. Dbar, etc. “Unfortunately the authors, with the aim of “restoration of historic” rights pursued and served the illusory and rather dangerous political aims and not the scientific/research ones”. The historiography is under a special attention and “protection” of the separatist regime as well as of the Russian political leadership. -
Bar-Ilan University Faculty of Law International Program
Bar-Ilan University Faculty of Law International Program About the Faculty of Law at Bar-Ilan University The Faculty of Law of Bar-Ilan University offers a special international program in En glish where foreign students are invited to study in Israel for the fall semester. Courses are taught by Bar-Ilan’s own law professors, a s well as visiting scholars from the world’s leading law schools. Stude nts in the international program may also sit in on regular Hebr ew-language courses, if their knowledge of Hebrew is sufficient. ersity’s Faculty of Law was founded in 1970 and is today Bar-Ilan Univs leading law schools with over 2,000 students in its one of Israel’M .A. and Ph.D. programs. Classes are supplemented by LL.B., LL.M., y of seminars, workshops and legal clinics. The clinics, a wide varietp rovide free legal services to Israelis who cannot afford Studying law in Israel is a for examplean, excellent way for Israeli students to gain hands-on them and areex perience and develop social responsibility. unique opportunity to watch professional arm community and supportive learning environment, a young society grapple with Through its wty of Law graduates have ranked number one for three the nuances of democratic, Bar-Ilan Faculw in Israel’s Bar Exams. Current head of the Kadima years in a ro sraeli Knesset and former Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni as universal rights, while at the party in the I ter of the Environment Gilad Erdan are both graduates same time acknowledging the wofe tllh aes la Mwinis fac ulty, and Justice Minister Yaakov Neeman is one of its founding professors. -
Afghanistan Millennium Development Goals Report 2010
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Afghanistan Millennium Dev elopment Goals Report 2010 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN AFGHANISTAN MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS REPORT 2010 OCTOBER 2010 2 FOREWORD This MDG 2010 Report presents an analysis of progress on the MDG targets set by Afghanistan, one of the states striving to reduce poverty in the midst of serious insecure conditions that it continues to encounter. Emerging out of decades of conflicts, we took the bold step in 2004 to join the league of countries committed to pursue policies and strategies to reach the millennium development goal targets and reduce poverty. As a late comer to the league, we set our millennium development goal targets for 2020 instead of 2015. Through using a set of selected indicators this report measures our country’s progress towards the targets it set for each of the goals from the original baseline position it started. Despite difficulties in data collection due to initial lack of technical capacity, inadequate resources and insecure conditions hampering data collection, the Central Statistics Organization and our line ministries have collected as much data as possible, which enabled us to prepare this report for the Millennium Summit. Our data analyses reflect our current position in the targets we have set, relative to our initial (baseline) conditions but our data also shows some absolute progress we have made, which might look small in closing the gap between the initial condition and the MDG targets, yet their achievements, which reflect a resource constrained determination in pursuit of the millennium development goals. Our 2010 Report shows in which goals and targets advances have been made while not neglecting areas where progress is still lagging and inequalities continuing. -
Weekly News Report on Georgia
WEEKLY NEWS REPORT ON GEORGIA Date: May 21 - 27, 2018 Occupied Regions Tskhinvali Region (so called South Ossetia) 1. Zurab Abashidze: Archil Tatunashvili's murder was one of the issues discussed at the meeting with Grigory Karasani "He said that this is a very sad fact and everything should be done in order to prevent any similar case in the future. He said what I had expected - that discussion of the issue should continue in the Geneva format," Abashidze said (IPN.Ge, May 24, 2018). 2. Grigory Karasin: Archil Tatunashvili's death was, of course, a tragedy "I was asked about Archil Tatunashvili's death - of course, it is a tragedy and everything should be done in order to prevent any similar case in the future. This issue should be discussed through direct contacts with the involvement of representatives of Georgia and South Ossetia. Moreover, we have incident prevention mechanisms. I think serious conclusions should be made on the basis of this case", Karasin said (IPN.Ge, May 24, 2018). Foreign Affairs 3. More than a thousand Georgian citizens repatriated from European countries during past four months 1,260 Georgian citizens have been returned to their home country from the EU/Schengen area over the course of January-April of this year. As the Ministry of Internal Affairs reports, they received 1290 applications about readmission from January 1st to April 30th while 1260 of them were confirmed and only 30 rejected (Agenda.ge, May 21, 2018). 4. 17 Georgian citizens arrested in Athens, Greece All detainees are Georgian citizens and are connected to crime boss Nodar Shukakidze who was arrested during a large–scale police operation named Caucase Normandie held simultaneously in France and Greece on April 18, 2018 (Agenda.ge, May 21, 2018). -
ISRAEL Israel Is a Multiparty Parliamentary Democracy with A
ISRAEL Israel is a multiparty parliamentary democracy with a population of approximately 7.7 million, including Israelis living in the occupied territories. Israel has no constitution, although a series of "Basic Laws" enumerate fundamental rights. Certain fundamental laws, orders, and regulations legally depend on the existence of a "State of Emergency," which has been in effect since 1948. The 120-member, unicameral Knesset has the power to dissolve the government and mandate elections. The February 2009 elections for the Knesset were considered free and fair. They resulted in a coalition government led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Israeli security forces reported to civilian authorities. (An annex to this report covers human rights in the occupied territories. This report deals with human rights in Israel and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.) Principal human rights problems were institutional, legal, and societal discrimination against Arab citizens, Palestinian residents of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (see annex), non-Orthodox Jews, and other religious groups; societal discrimination against persons with disabilities; and societal discrimination and domestic violence against women, particularly in Bedouin society. While trafficking in persons for the purpose of prostitution decreased in recent years, trafficking for the purpose of labor remained a serious problem, as did abuse of foreign workers and societal discrimination and incitement against asylum seekers. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life The government or its agents did not commit politically motivated killings. The petitioners withdrew their appeal to the High Court against the closure of the inquiry by the Department for Investigations against Police Officers' (DIPO) into the 2008 beating and subsequent coma and death of Sabri al-Jarjawi, a Bedouin. -
Security Council Provisional Fifty-Ninth Year
United Nations S/PV.4958 Security Council Provisional Fifty-ninth year 4958th meeting Thursday, 29 April 2004, 10.20 a.m. New York President: Mr. Pleuger ...................................... (Germany) Members: Algeria ......................................... Mr. Baali Angola ......................................... Mr. Gaspar Martins Benin .......................................... Mr. Adechi Brazil .......................................... Mr. Valle Chile ........................................... Mr. Muñoz China .......................................... Mr. Zhang Yishan France .......................................... Mr. Duclos Pakistan ........................................ Mr. Khalid Philippines ...................................... Mr. Baja Romania ........................................ Mr. Motoc Russian Federation ................................ Mr. Konuzin Spain ........................................... Mr. Arias United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ..... Mr. Thomson United States of America ........................... Mr. Holliday Agenda The situation in Georgia Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia (S/2004/315) This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the interpretation of speeches delivered in the other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature