AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 10 December 2020

Genus Gorgyra Holland, 1896 Leaf Sitters

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 31 (2-107). Type-species: Apaustus aburae Plötz, by original designation.

= Oedaloneura Mabille, 1904 in Mabille, 1903-4. In: Wytsman, P.A.G. Genera Insectorum 17: 101 (210 pp.). Type-species: Pamphila heterochrus Mabille, by monotypy.

The genus Gorgyra belongs to the Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809; Subfamily Hesperiinae Latreille, 1809, Tribe Hesperiini Latreille, 1809. Other genera in the Tribe Hesperiini, are Lepella, Prosopalpus, Kedestes, Fulda, Tsitana, Gyrogra, Teniorhinus, Flandria, Hollandus, Xanthodisca, Acada, Rhabdomantis, Osmodes, Parosmodes, Osphantes, Acleros, Paracleros, Semalea, Hypoleucis, Paronymus, Andronymus, Malaza, Perrotia, Ploetzia, Moltena, Chondrolepis, Zophopetes, Gamia, Artitropa, Mopala, Pteroteinon, Leona, Caenides, Monza, Melphina, Melphinyet, Noctulana, Fresna, and Platylesches.

Gorgyra (Leaf Sitters) is an Afrotropical genus of 24 species. Many of the species are apparently very scarce. In part, this apparent scarcity might be due to the fact that individuals bask on leaves at the forest edge in the morning but from about 11h00 they usually disappear into the forest.

*Gorgyra aburae (Plötz, 1879) Swollen Leaf Sitter

Apaustus aburae Plötz, 1879. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 359 (353-364).

Gorgyra aburae. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Pateka, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. June 2012. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2371. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Ghana: “Aburae”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020).

1 Sierra Leone – Tiwai Island (Larsen, 2005a); Moyamba (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia – Harbel (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Tai (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Aburi (TL); Takoradi (Larsen, 2005a); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Likpe (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Aba (Larsen, 2005a); Ikom (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is a very rare (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra afikpo Druce, 1909 Large Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra afikpo Druce, 1909. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1909: 411 (406-413).

Gorgyra afikpo. Male (Wingspan 31 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 June 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Gorgyra afikpo. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Takamanda, western Cameroon. January 2011. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2370. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Afikpo, N. Nigeria”. Diagnosis: The only species of Gorgyra with a hyaline spot in space 4; forewing very rounded (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Senegal – Basse Casamance (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Sierra Leone – Bumbuna (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Lamto (Vuattoux, 1999); Banco (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Atewa (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Afikpo (TL). 2 Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Mpassa, Bateke Plateau (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998; uncommon); Munene Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998; uncommon). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Rare west of the Dahomey Gap but may be common in Cameroon and Central African Republic (Larsen, 2005a). Usually found flying along forest paths, settling on low vegetation (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Connarus thonningii (DC.) G. Schellenb. () [Vuattoux, 1999; Ivory Coast)]. Dichapetalum madagascariense Poir. var. madagascariense (= Dichapetalum guineense (DC.) Keay) (Dichapetalaceae) [Vuattoux, 1999; Ivory Coast].

*Gorgyra aretina (Hewitson, 1878) Blotched Leaf Sitter

Blotched Leaf Sitter, Gorgyra aretina. PuguHills, Tanzania. Image courtesy Sudheer Kommana.

Ceratrichia aretina Hewitson, 1878. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 1: 343 (340-348).

Gorgyra aretina. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Lisombo, Mwinilunga district, Zambia. 7 October 2000. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

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Gorgyra aretina. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Bookoko, Central African Republic. January 1996. SCC. ABRI-2019-2366. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Calabar”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (west), Zambia (north-west). Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria – Calabar (TL); Lagos (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Aboe (Ploetz, 1879); Mokundange (Strand, 1913); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kafakumba (Larsen, 2005a); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Mpanga Forest (Safian & Pyrcz, 2020). Kenya – Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Lubalizi River (Kielland, 1990d); Gombe Stream (Kielland, 1990d); Ntondo in the foothills of Mount Mahale (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Lisombo (Gardiner; male specimen illustrated above). Habitat: Forest, including somewhat degraded habitat (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania in forests from 800 to 1 300 m, occasionally to 1 700 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A not uncommon butterfly, that is usually met with in ones and twos (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes come to flowers and males mud-puddle (Larsen, 2005a). Flies along forest paths and in forest clearings, often settling on low vegetation and flowers (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Larsen (2005a) discusses, at length, the male genitalia of the ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ populations of this skipper and concludes that two species are involved, with the western populations in need of a new name; further study is required before the matter can be fully resolved.

dolus Plötz, 1879 (as sp. of Apaustus). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 358 (353-364). [Cameroon]: “Aboe”.

albiventris Mabille; Holland, 1896 (as sp. of Gastrochaeta). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 35 (2-107). [Invalid; manuscript name introduced in synonymy.]

aretinodes Strand, 1913 (as var. of Gorgyra aretina). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78 (A.12.): 48 (30-84). Cameroon: “Mokundange”.

*Gorgyra bibulus Riley, 1929 Brown furred Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra bibulus Riley, 1929 in Eltringham et al., 1929. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 77: 504 (475- 504).

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Gorgyra bibulus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Katamayu Forest, Kenya. August 1998. Bred. SCC. ABRI-2019-2374. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Gorgyra bibulus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Katamayu Forest, Kenya. August 1998. Bred. SCC. ABRI-2019-2375. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: [Kenya]: “S.E. slopes of Mt Kenya, 6000 ft”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu, Shaba), Uganda (west), Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia. Recorded, in error, from Nigeria by Evans,1937 (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo –Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Mpanga Forest (Safian & Pyrcz, 2020). Kenya – S.E. slopes of Mount Kenya (TL); Teita Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Katamayu (Larsen, 1991c); Ol’Doinyo Sabuk (Larsen, 1991c); Meru (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Kitesa Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Mufindi (Kielland, 1990d); Usambaras (Kielland, 1990d); Kilimanjaro (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi – Livingstonia; Nyika N.P. (J. Timberlake, pers. comm., 2019). Zambia – Nyika (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. In Tanzania it is found in forests from 300 to 2 000 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A scarce species (Larsen, 1991c). Settles on low vegetation and flowers (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages:

Cock & Congdon, 2013: 7 [ovum, larva and pupa]

Larval food: gerrardii Hutch. (Putranjivaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 325; Cock & Congdon (2013) state that this record requires confirmation]. thomsonii (Baker) Jongkind (Connaraceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 12; probly refers to Cock’s unpublished record from Kenya (see Cock & Congdon, 2013)].

*Gorgyra bina Evans, 1937

5 Bina Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra bina Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 93 (212 pp.).

Gorgyra bina. Male (Wingspan 25 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Gorgyra bina. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Botambi. August 1985. SCC. ABRI-2019-2372. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons (Bitje)”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Benin (south, central), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Zorzor (Larsen, 2005a); Ganta (Larsen, 2005a); Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Aburi (Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng- Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a). Benin – see Coache et al., 2017. Nigeria – Ikeja (Larsen, 2005a); Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Bitje (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Safala (Vande weghe, 2010). Uganda – Zika Forest, Entebbe (Cock & Congdon, 2013). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Munene Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998; not uncommon). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A scarce skipper (Larsen, 2005a). Mostly encountered flying along forest paths, settling on low vegetation (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages:

Sevastopulo vide Cock & Congdon, 2013: 5 [larva & pupa; Uganda].

Larval food: Nothing published.

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*Gorgyra bule Miller, 1964 Burnt Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra bule Miller, 1964. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 643 (640-647).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Bule Country”. Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria (west), Cameroon, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Ghana – Aburi (Larsen, 2005a); Amedzofe (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Lagos (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Bule (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Much scarcer than the closely-related, and sometimes sympatric, Gorgyra diversata (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra diva Evans, 1937 Derelict Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra diva Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 94 (212 pp.).

Gorgyra diva. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 21mm. Iliguru Mts nr Morogoro, Tanzania. 31/iii/1995. AJ & MW Gardiner. (Gardiner Collection).

Type locality: [Kenya]: “Rabai to Mombasa”. Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Specific localities: Kenya – Rabai to Mombasa (TL); Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest. Tanzania – Sibweza in Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Gombe Stream (Kielland, 1990d); Pugu Hills (Kielland, 1990d); Kimboza Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Mikumi National Park (Kielland, 1990d); Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Iliguru Mountains, near Morogoro (male specimen illustrated above). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: In Tanzania in forest, forest margins and heavy woodlands, from near sea-level to 1 500 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A very rare skipper (Larsen, 1991c). In flight the white-tipped abdomen in males is reminiscent of that in Acleros mackenii, but diva flies more swiftly (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages:

7 Sevastopulo, 1974, 1975 [larva & pupa; Shimba Hills]

Larval food: Rourea orientalis Baill. (= Byrsocarpus orientalis (Baill.) Baker) (Connaraceae) [Sevastopulo, 1974, 1975; Shimba Hills, Kenya].

*Gorgyra diversata, Evans, 1937 Dark Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra diversata Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 94 (212 pp.).

Gorgyra diversata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Yakoli, Central African Republic. October 1995. SCC. ABRI-2019-2376. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Guinea: “French Guinea”; [Ghana]: “Gold Coast”; Cameroon: “Cameroons”; Angola. Larsen (2005a) designated a specimen from Angola, that was dissected by Evans, as lectotype. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana, Togo, Benin (south), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west – Bwamba), Kenya (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Mamou (Larsen, 2005a); Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – see Coache et al., 2017. Habitat: Forest, including secondary growth (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A reasonably common leaf sitter, at least in West Africa (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: There is one, or more, undescribed species within the distribution range of diversata, as given above (Larsen, 2005a).

*Gorgyra heterochrus (Mabille, 1890) White-tufted Leaf Sitter

Pamphila heterochrus Mabille, 1890. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 10: 31 (17-51).

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Gorgyra heterochrus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Sanniquellei, Nimba Mountains, Liberia. 9 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C.Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Assinie”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Guinea – Seredou (Larsen, 2005a); Macenta (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ivory Coast – Assinie, Abidjan (TL). Ghana – Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a); Likpe area (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Agege (Larsen, 2005a); Omo (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest, including secondary growth (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A not uncommon member of the genus, which is usually met with singly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra johnstoni (Butler, 1894) Johnston’s Leaf Sitter

Male Johnston’s Leaf Sitter (Gorgyra johnstoni). Tanzania. Image courtesy, Sudheer Kommana.

Aeromachus ? johnstoni Butler, 1894. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 673 (643-684). Gorgyra johnstoni (Butler, 1893). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. [date of authorship erroneous] Gorgyra johnstoni (Butler, 1893). Pringle et al., 1994: 327. [date of authorship erroneous]

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Gorgyra johnstoni. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mount Namuli, Mozambique. 24 April 2008. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Alternative common names: Johnston’s Ranger; Johnston’s Skipper. Type locality: [Zambia]: “Mipa stream, Mofwi”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Kenya (coast), Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (east). Specific localities: Kenya – Rabai (Larsen, 1991c); Arabuko-Sokoke Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Range (Kielland, 1990d); Masagati Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Morogoro (Kielland, 1990d); Kimboza Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Kitesa Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Njombe (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi – Nyika N.P. (J. Timberlake, pers. comm., 2019). Zambia – Mipa stream, Mofwi (TL); Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); mid-Lunga River (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Ndola (Heath et al., 2002); Luanshya (Heath et al., 2002); Miengwe (Heath et al., 2002); Kafue Township (Heath et al., 2002); Mkushi (Heath et al., 2002); Kanona (Heath et al., 2002); Lake Mweru (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique – Amatongas (Pennington); Inhaminga (Pinhey); Xiluvo (Pringle et al., 1994); Dondo; Mt Namuli (A. Gerdiner). Zimbabwe – Vumba (Barnes); Butler North, 60 km south of Mutare (Pennington); Mutare (Pinhey); Kadoma (Cottrell); Pungwe (Pringle et al., 1994). Habitat: Forest (Pringle et al., 1994). Brachystegia woodland. In Tanzania in woodland, riverine forest and forest margins, from 400 to 1 800 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A scarce species of skipper, which may be locally common in some localities in Mozambique and Zimbabwe (Larsen, 1991c). Specimens are usually found on the fringes of thick forest in the morning, settling low down in sunny spots. By 11:00 they disappear into the forest (Pringle et al., 1994). Specimens visit flowers and settle on low vegetation (Kielland, 1990d). Flight period: All year (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages:

Cock & Congdon, 2013: 12 [ovum, larva & pupa]

The larvae are frequently parasitized (Cock vide Larsen, 1991c: 415; Cock & Congdon, 2013: 6).

Larval food: Rourea orientalis Baill. (Connaraceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2013; Shimba Hills, Kenya].

*Gorgyra kalinzu Evans, 1949 Kalinzu Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra kalinzu Evans, 1949. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 2: 55 (54-56).

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Gorgyra kalinzu. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kasugho, North Kivu, DRC. 26 February 2017. R. Ducarme. Images courtesy Thomas Desloges.

Type locality: [Uganda]: “Kalinzu, W. Ankole”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (central and east), Uganda (west), Kenya (west), Tanzania (west), Zambia. Specific localities: Nigeria – Buabre in Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a; single male). Cameroon – Rumpi Hills (T. Helps, vide Larsen, 2005a). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Kalinzu (TL); Mpanga Forest (Safian & Pyrcz, 2020). Kenya – Kakamega (Larsen, 2005a). Tanzania – Kigoma forests (Kielland, 1990d); Sandstone Range forests in Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is a scarce skipper (Kielland, 1990d; Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra ziama Belcastro & Sáfián, 2020

Gorgyra ziama Belcastro & Sáfián, 2020. Metamorphosis 31 (1): 66 (56-71).

Type locality: Guinea: Ziama Forest. Holotype male: 24.xii.2007, leg. Claudio Belcastro. To be deposited in NHM, presently stored in the collection of C. Belcastro (Safian et al., 2020). Diagnosis: The size and general appearance of G. ziama and G. kalinzu are almost identical. However, their genitalia differ in the dorsal edge of valva: G. ziama has a prominently serrated ridge, protruding out at the base of the triangular tip, while it is flatter with only moderate serration on a small ‘kick’ at the base of the triangular tip in G. kalinzu (Safian et al., 2020). Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia. Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama Forest (TL). Sierra Leone – Nemahugoima, Gola South (Safian et al., 2020); Lalehun, Gola North (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Putu Range (Safian et al., 2020); Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra kasungo Larsen & Collins, 2014 Insecure Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra kasungo Larsen & Collins, 2014. Metamorphosis 25: 65 (60-76). 11

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Mitumba Mts, Muleke, 2000 m (00.20N 29.20E) (Jan. 2013)”. Holotype male in the African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Muleke (TL); Kasungo (= Kasugho) (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Kasuo (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Kithokolo (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Kanyambia (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Maliva (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Found mainly at edges and in clearings in submontane forest (Larsen & Collins, 2014). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra minima Holland, 1896 Minimal Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra minima Holland, 1896. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 33 (2-107).

Gorgyra minima. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Amedzofe, Ghana. June 1998. MM, PW. ABRI-2019-2373. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Congo: “French Congo”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin (south, central), Nigeria (west), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west – West Nile Province), Kenya (west). Recorded from Tanzania by Kielland (1978) but not included in his book (Kielland, 1990d) on the butterflies of Tanzania. Specific localities: Guinea – Fouta Djalon (Larsen, 2005a); Macenta (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Kogyae (Larsen, 2005a); Nakpanduri (Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016); see Coache et al., 2017. Nigeria – Shaki (Larsen, 2005a); Iseyin (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest, including well-developed secondary growth, and in Guinea savanna (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: An uncommon skipper (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra mocquerysii Holland, 1896 Mocquery’s Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra mocquerysii Holland, 1896. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 33 (2-107).

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Gorgyra mocquerysii. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Sanniquellei, Nimba Mountains, Liberia. 9 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C.Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Gorgyra mocquerysii. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Bookoko, Central African Republic. December 1997. SCC. ABRI-2019-2367. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Congo: “French Congo”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (west), Zambia (north). Specific localities: Guinea – Labe (Larsen, 2005a); Dubreka (Larsen, 2005a); Seredou (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia – Harbel (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Adiopodoume (Larsen, 2005a); Banco (Larsen, 2005a); near San Pedro, Monogaga (A. Gardiner; male illustrated above). Ghana – Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Aburi (Larsen, 2005a). Togo – Klouto (Safian et al., 2009). Nigeria – Ikeja (Larsen, 2005a); Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Eket (Larsen, 2005a). Angola – Kwanza Norte Province (Mendes et al., 2013). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Tanzania – Kigoma and bordering areas of Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest and riparian vegetation, from 800 to 1 500 m in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A fairly rare species in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages:

Cock & Congdon, 2013: 16 [larva & pupa]

Larval food: Agelaea pentagyna (Lam.) Baill. (Connaraceae). [Cock & Congdon, 2013; Ivory Coast].

13 *Gorgyra pali Evans, 1937 Pale Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra pali Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 95 (212 pp.).

Gorgyra pali. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Amedzofe, Ghana. July 1998. MM, PW. ABRI-2019-2380. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Gorgyra pali. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Yakoli, Central African Republic. November 1995. SCC. ABRI-2019-2381. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons (Bitje)”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020) Ivory Coast – Man (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a); Tai National Park (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Bitje (TL). Gabon – Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Akaka, Loango National Park (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Forest. Habits: An uncommon and easily ovelooked leaf sitter (Larsen, 2005a). The flight seems to be weaker than in other members of the genus (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra rubescens Holland, 1896

14 Rufous Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra rubescens Holland, 1896. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 35 (2-107).

Gorgyra rubescens. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mamove, North Kivu, DRC. 11 January 2017. R. Ducarme. Images courtesy Thomas Desloges.

Gorgyra rubescens. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Yakoli, Central African Republic. April 1997. SCC. ABRI-2019-2383. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “Valley of the Ogové”. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Mkpot 1 (Larsen, 2005a); Old Ekuri (Larsen, 2005a); Uwet (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Alen (Strand, 1913). Gabon – Ogove Valley (TL); Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue, Ivindo National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Kangwe (Vande weghe, 2010); Talaguga (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Primary forest. Habits: A scarce skipper of deep forest (Larsen, 2005a). Males perch in sunny spots on leaves, about two metres above the ground, occasionally making fast flights around their territory (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

tessmanni Strand, 1913 (as sp. of Gorgyra). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78 (A.12.): 48 (30-84). Cameroon: “Alen”.

*Gorgyra sara Evans, 1937 Common Leaf Sitter

15 Gorgyra sara Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 95 (212 pp.).

Gorgyra sara. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Yakoli, Central African Republic. February 1997. SCC. ABRI-2019-2387. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Gorgyra sara. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Lukolela, Democratic Republic of Congo. April 2013. BL. ABRI-2019-2388. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin (south, central), Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – see Coache et al., 2017. Gabon – Ogove Valley (Holland, 1896). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Forest, especially in secondary growth (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Probably the commonest leaf sitter in West Africa, but still usually only found in ones and twos (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC. (Connaraceae) [Vuattoux, 1999; Ivory Coast].

diversata Holland, 1896 (as var. of Gorgyra aburae). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 32 (2-107). Gabon: “Valley of the Ogové”. Larsen (2005a) believes that Holland was actually dealing with what is now Gorgyra sara Evans, 1937, rather than Gorgyra aburae Ploetz, 1879.

*Gorgyra sola Evans, 1937 Rare Leaf Sitter

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Gorgyra sola Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 92 (212 pp.).

Gorgyra sola. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Yakoli, Central African Republic. October 1995. SCC. ABRI-2019-2368. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Gorgyra sola. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mamove, Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. June 2012. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2369. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Bumbuna (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia – Harbel (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Alepe (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Oshodi (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A very rare skipper (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra stewarti Larsen, 2010 Scorched Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra stewarti Larsen, 2010. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 122: 56 (55-58). Gorgyra stewarti Larsen, 2010. Larsen & Collins, 2014: 69; 1 st description and illustration of adult male and male genitalia.

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Gorgyra stewarti. Female (Holotype). Left – upperside; right – underside. Ebogo, Cameroon. February 2007. Jean Mauga et al. ABRI-2019-2386 Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ebogo, ii 2007”. Holotype (female) in the African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), Nairobi – ex coll. J. Stewart. Described from two females. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Ebogo (TL). Democratic Republic of Congo – Mount Atonzo, North Kivu Province (R. Ducarme, vide Larsen, 2010); Lukolela (Larsen & Collins, 2014). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Appears to be a rare species (Larsen, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra subfacatus (Mabille, 1889) Ochreous Leaf Sitter

Cobalus subfacatus Mabille, 1889. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 9: 168 (149-150, 155-156, 167-169, 183-184).

Gorgyra subfacatus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mount Kala, Cameroon. June. 1995. SCC. ABRI-2019-2377. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra-Leone”. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau (Larsen, 2005a), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin (south), Nigeria (west). Specific localities: Guinea-Bissau – Buba (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea – Fouta Djalon (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone – Freetown (Larsen, 2005a); Loma Mountains (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia – Bigtown (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Abengourou (Larsen, 2005a); Man (Larsen, 2005a).

18 Ghana – Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Kumasi (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Aburi (Larsen, 2005a). Benin – Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016); see Coache et al., 2017. Nigeria – Olokemeji (Larsen, 2005a); Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Ikeja (Larsen, 2005a); Warri (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest, especially secondary forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Individuals come to flowers, such as those of lantana (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra vosseleri Grünberg, 1907 Tanzania Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra vosseleri Grünberg, 1907. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1907: 577 (577-578). Gorgyra subfacatus vosseleri Grünberg, 1907. Ackery et al., 1995. Gorgyra vosseleri Grünberg, 1907. Larsen, 2005a., stat. rev. Gorgyra vosseleri Grünberg, 1907. Larsen & Collins, 2014: 66; redescription, female illustrated and male genitalia illustrated.

Gorgyra vosseleri. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gonja, South Pare Mountains, Tanzania. March 2005. CC et al. ABRI-2019-2378. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Gorgyra vosseleri. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Gonja, South Pare Mountains, Tanzania. March 2005. CC et al. ABRI-2019-2379. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Deutsch-Ostafrika, Amani”. Holotype (male) is in the Humboldt Museum, Berlin. Distribution: Tanzania (north-east and central). Specific localities: Tanzania – Amani (TL); West and East Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Mwanihana Forest in the Uzungwa Range (Kielland, 1990d); Rondo Plateau (Kielland, 1990d); Pare Mountains (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Udzungwa Mountains (Larsen & Collins, 2014). Habitat: Submontane forest, from 900 to 1 200 m (Kielland, 1990d).

19 Habits: Males are attracted to wet sand (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Gorgyra subflavidus Holland, 1896 East Africa Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra subflavidus Holland, 1896. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 34 (2-107). Gorgyra subflavidus Holland, 1896. Pringle et al., 1994: 327.

Gorgyra subflavidus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Maskati, Nguru Mountains, Tanzania. March 1996. CC, MH. ABRI-2019-2385. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Gorgyra subflavidus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. February 2000. CC et al. ABRI-2019-2384. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Usagara, East Africa”. Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania (east), Mozambique (coast – north). Specific localities: Kenya – Mombasa (Larsen, 1991c); Diani (Larsen, 1991c); Rabai (Larsen, 1991c); Arabuko-Sokoke (Larsen, 1991c); Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c) Tanzania – Usagara (TL); Amani (Evans, 1947); East Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Kimboza Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Mwanihana Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Masagati Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Pugu Hills (Kielland, 1990d); Mikumi National Park (Kielland, 1990d); Rondo Plateau (Kielland, 1990d); Pemba Island (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Forest, from near sea-level to 1 200 m in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A very scarce butterfly throughout its range (Larsen, 1991c). Specimens are usually found singly when perched on leaves, along forest roads or in forest clearings (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages:

Cock & Congdon, 2013: 18 [larva & pupa]

Larval food:

20 ? Khaya sp. (Meliaceae). [Cock & Congdon, 2013; Sanje, Tanzania]. ?Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C. DC. (Meliaceae) [Congdon & Bampton in CRG database, 2016; Sanje, Tanzania; as ?Khaya nyasica Stapf ex Baker f.].

pan Evans, 1947 (as sp. of Gorgyra). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11) 13: 645 (641-648). [Tanzania]: “Amani. Usambara”.

*Gorgyra warreni Collins & Larsen, 2008 Charrcoal Leaf Sitter

Gorgyra warreni Collins & Larsen, 2008. Metamorphosis 19 (2): 91 (42-113).

Gorgyra vosseleri. Male (Holotype). Left – upperside; right – underside. Obudu Plateau, eastern Nigeria. April 2007. SCC. ABRI-2019-2389. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Obudu Plateau (06°25'N 09°19'E), iv.2007 (S.C. Collins leg., coll. ABRI).” Distribution: Nigeria (east). Specific localities: Nigeria – Obudu Plateau (TL); Obudu Cattle Ranch (C.S. Lewis, vide Collins & Larsen, 2008). Etymology: Named for Robert Warren in recognition of his work on Nigerian butterflies. Habitat: Submontane forest zone of the Obudu Plateau (Collins & Larsen, 2008). Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

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