Comparative Ecosystem-Based Management of Several Forage Fishes in the Changing Berners Bay Estuary A paper prepared for the Alaska Tsunami National Ocean Sciences Bowl 2013 Competition Team Pogonophoraphobia Sam Kurland - Captain Johnny Connolly, Johnny Elliot, Ruby Steedle, and Olivia Raster Ben Carney - Coach Juneau-Douglas High School 10014 Crazy Horse Drive Juneau, Alaska 99801-8529 Contact:
[email protected] [email protected] Comparative Ecosystem-Based Management of Several Forage Fishes in the Changing Berners Bay Estuary A paper prepared for the Alaska Tsunami National Ocean Sciences Bowl 2013 Competition Abstract The ecosystem of the Berners Bay estuary is closely tied to the health of four species of forage fish: Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi), eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), capelin (Mallotus villosus), and sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus). We introduce the Berners Bay ecosystem and establish the crucial roles of these species in maintaining its extraordinary diversity and productivity. We discuss various threats to this valuable ecological resource by current and proposed developments in the Berners Bay area, including the Kensington Gold Mine and the proposed Lynn Canal Highway, as well as by climate change. For comparison, we introduce a second, similar estuarine system, Puget Sound, where a greater body of research and management experience provides insights into the particular importance of these impacts. We then apply lessons learned from management of the Puget Sound estuary, as well as information from the scientific literature and interviews with managers and other involved stakeholders, to provide recommendations for the establishment of a comprehensive management plan for these species in the changing Berners Bay estuary with the central focus of maintaining the overall health of the ecosystem.