DOCSLIB.ORG

The Potential for Low-Carbon Renewable Methane As a Transport Fuel in France, Italy, and Spain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Potential for Low-Carbon Renewable Methane As a Transport Fuel in France, Italy, and Spain WORKING PAPER 2018-28 The potential for low-carbon renewable methane as a transport fuel in France, Italy, and Spain Authors: Chelsea Baldino, Nikita Pavlenko, and Stephanie Searle (ICCT), and Adam Christensen (Three Seas) Date: November 2018 Keywords: biogas, renewable energy, anaerobic digestion, availability, decarbonization, sustainability Introduction had only limited success as all major renewable methane, factoring in automakers deploy electric vehicles in the availability of low-carbon feed- Renewable methane offers the poten- greater numbers. However, for trucks stocks necessary for production. tial to displace natural gas for use and urban buses especially, the role Furthermore, the technical poten- in existing vehicle fleets, reducing of natural gas is under active debate. tial for renewable methane produc- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as Increasingly, cities are acknowledging tion may vary considerably from the well as emissions of air pollutants they can now shift to electric buses and volumes that are achievable at realistic like NO . While the bulk of existing X derive substantial GHG reductions and levels of policy support. Constraints renewable methane comes from pro- fuel savings in many cases (Dallmann, such as economies of scale, feedstock cesses that capture the gas from the Du, and Minjares, 2017; Miller, Minjares, cost, and distribution all play impor- anaerobic decomposition of organic Dallmann, and Jin, 2017). The potential tant roles in determining the cost of matter, a share of future renewable for widely available, low-cost, low-GHG production for renewable methane. methane production may come from renewable methane could potentially This study assesses the potential of the gasification of biomass or renew- shift these debates. able electricity-powered methane renewable methane in the transport synthesis, also known as power-to- Recently, the European Union finalized sector by 2030 in three major European gas. The GHG impact of renewable its recast Renewable Energy Directive countries: France, Italy, and Spain. methane and the scale of its poten- for 2021-2030 (RED II), which includes These countries have demonstrated a tial adoption depend strongly on the ambitious targets for renewable energy particular interest in promoting renew- performance of feedstocks used to in transport (General Secretariat of the able methane as part of their post- produce gas and their availability. Council of the European Union, 2018). 2020 transport decarbonization strat- EU member states must implement egies. Italy currently provides special The potential for low-carbon renew- the directive with specific measures to support to renewable methane from able methane is a pressing issue. promote the use of low-carbon trans- non-food feedstocks (Ministero dello Policymakers at city, regional, and port fuels. Renewable methane from Sviluppo Economico, 2018). In France, national levels are considering which qualifying feedstocks is one option for a Parisian public transport operator technology options to support for cars, helping to meet the RED II targets. is investing in natural gas buses that trucks, and buses to help meet air-qual- can run on renewable methane (NGV ity and climate-change mitigation goals. It is important that member states Global News, 2018). In Spain, SEAT and For light-duty vehicles, natural gas has assess the realistic potential for Volkswagen-Audi Spain have signed Acknowledgements: This work was generously supported by the European Climate Foundation. Thanks to Jacopo Giuntoli, Nic Lutsey and Peter Mock (ICCT); Jori Sihvonen (Transport & Environment); and Jon Stenning and Stijn Van Hummelen (Cambridge Econometrics) for helpful reviews and input. © INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLEAN TRANSPORTATION, 2018 WWW.THEICCT.ORG THE POTENTIAL FOR LOW-CARBON RENEWABLE METHANE AS A TRANSPORT FUEL IN FRANCE, ITALY, AND SPAIN an agreement with the Madrid Gas viable selling price of renewable methane, and some of the net addi- Network to promote compressed methane across a variety of feed- tional energy production would natural gas (CNG) vehicles and CNG stocks and production modes. We most likely come from unsustain- infrastructure (CNG Europe, 2018b). then use the minimum viable selling able sources, such as fossil fuels and These three countries are also among price for each production mode in wood (Searle, Pavlenko, El Takriti, the top five markets in Europe for new conjunction with feedstock availabil- and Bitnere, 2017). We do not assess vehicle sales and vehicle fleets. ity and cost to estimate the cost- landfill gas potential because methane viable volume of renewable methane capture is already required on landfills The data and analysis in this paper potential and the resulting GHG in Europe, and it is thus already likely provide a detailed methodology reductions attainable at several levels to be used in heat and power produc- for determining the choice of feed- of policy support from 2020–2030. tion. Furthermore, because the Landfill stocks and calculating cost curves for We also calculate first-order esti- Directive requires reductions in land- renewable methane potential based mates of the potential for renewable filled waste over time, it is unlikely that on two previous studies (Searle and methane production in 2050, which additional landfill gas will be sustain- Christensen, 2018; Baldino, Pavlenko, we provide in the Appendix. ably available in the future. We also do and Searle, 2018). This paper addresses not consider feedstock to be available several questions: if it has material uses, for example use FEEDSTOCK SUSTAINABILITY of crop residues in livestock bedding 1. How much renewable methane AND PATHWAY SELECTION and as a soil amendment. We take esti- from these sources is technically The climate benefits of renewable mates of the excess sustainable avail- possible in the EU? methane strongly depend on the ability of crop and logging residues 2. How much renewable methane upstream impacts of the feedstock and industrial and municipal waste production is cost-viable? used to produce the gas. Renewable that are not already used for energy 3. How does the potential for renew- methane from silage maize, for production, material uses, or soil pro- able methane compare with the example, relies on crop land that tection from Searle and Malins (2016). energy demand in these three competes with other uses and gener- Some livestock manure and sewage countries? ates indirect land use change (ILUC) sludge is used as a soil amendment, emissions, estimated to be 21 grams but we consider this amount to be 4. What are the greenhouse gas of carbon dioxide-equivalent per available for renewable methane pro- savings associated with the tech- megajoule (gCO2e/MJ) by Valin et al. duction because the digestate result- nical and cost potentials of renew- (2015)—similar to that of some food- ing from anaerobic digestion is nutri- able methane in these countries? based biofuels. Generally, renewable ent-rich and can be used as fertilizer. methane and biofuels produced from Methodology true wastes and residues without In this study, we do not consider existing uses deliver the best climate co-digestion of feedstocks, but that We analyze the additional technical outcomes. In this analysis, we there- could be an important consideration potential for renewable methane from fore focus on waste and residue because co-digesting feedstocks with a variety of feedstocks, including live- feedstocks that can be converted varying carbon-to-nitrogen ratios stock manure, sewage sludge, waste to methane. This includes livestock and dry matter influences the renew- and residue biomass, and renewable manure, sewage sludge, municipal and able methane potential from these power in 2030. First, we use national- industrial solid biogenic waste, crop feedstocks (Einarsson and Persson, level activity data for agriculture and and logging residues, and renewable 2017). We assume that livestock wastewater treatment to develop an power-to-gas. manure and sewage sludge would assessment of the theoretical techni- be processed through anaerobic cal potential for renewable methane This analysis estimates only the addi- digestion, crop and logging residues production based on feedstock avail- tional renewable methane poten- and industrial and municipal waste ability that could be supplied to any tial relative to existing production. through gasification and methana- sector, transport or otherwise. Next, Diverting renewable methane from tion, and renewable power through we incorporate bottom-up economic existing uses such as heat and power electrolysis and methanation. assessment for the cost of produc- to transport would most likely neces- tion and delivery to the transport sitate additional energy production Anaerobic digestion of manure fuel market to evaluate the minimum to replace the diverted renewable or sludge produces raw biogas, 2 INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLEAN TRANSPORTATION WORKING PAPER 2018-28 THE POTENTIAL FOR LOW-CARBON RENEWABLE METHANE AS A TRANSPORT FUEL IN FRANCE, ITALY, AND SPAIN a gaseous mix of approximately Table 1: Low-carbon renewable methane feedstocks, technology pathways, and lifecycle 50%–60% methane, with much of the GHG intensities for gaseous fuels used in the transportation sector. remaining volume comprising CO , 2 Feedstock Technology pathway GHG intensity Reference volatile organic compounds, and trace Livestock manure -264 gCO e/MJ CARB, average impurities. Improving the quality of Anaerobic digestion 2 Sewage
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Premier Power Renewable En
    Coverage Initiation United States, Europe, Asia Report Renewable Energy – Solar EPC October 25, 2011 Premier Power Renewable En. (PPRW – OTCQB) Brian R. Connell, CFA PPRW is Focused On Pricing Power and Competitiveness Strong Senior Research Analyst through Product Differentiation, and on Margin Expansion [email protected] through Cost Control and Project Risk Assessment. PPRW Speculative Shares Trade at Unreasonably Low Multiples at this Time. Buy Recent Price: US$0.32 Summary and Investment Opportunity Market Data (closing prices, October 24, 2011) • Solar Energy Construction is Strong Internationally and Strengthening in the U.S. Market Capitalization (mln) 9.6 The demand for renewable energy sources such as solar power has been growing on a global Enterprise Value (mln) 42.2 basis for many years – a situation which has intensified with higher oil prices and a rapidly Basic Shares Outstanding (mln) 29.9 industrializing second and third world. In parallel, solar technology has become more and more Fully Diluted Shares (mln) 29.9 Avg. Volume (90 day, approx.) 3,889 cost-competitive, as solar cell production costs have fallen and solar technology has improved. Institutional Ownership (approx.) 41.5% Overall, these factors have led to a steadily improving market for new solar electricity plants, and Insider Ownership 10.2% further strengthening is nearly certain both in the U.S. and abroad. Exchange OTCQB • Premier Power Is ISO 9001 Certified and Provides High Performance Solar Plants Premier Power’s engineers have deep experience in all aspects of solar plant planning and Balance Sheet Data (as of June 30, 2011) construction, and over the years have accumulated an understanding of many of the factors that Shareholders’ Equity (mln) 10,897 lead to superior operating performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Level 3 Geography (91429) 2019
    91429R 3 Level 3 Geography, 2019 91429 Demonstrate understanding of a given environment(s) through selection and application of geographic concepts and skills 9.30 a.m. Tuesday 19 November 2019 Credits: Four RESOURCE BOOKLET Refer to this booklet to answer the questions for Geography 91429. Check that this booklet has pages 2–15 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank. YOU MAY KEEP THIS BOOKLET AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION. © New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2019. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand QualificationsAuthority. 2 RELEVANT GEOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS Environments Environments may be natural and / or cultural. They have particular characteristics and features, which can be the result of natural and / or cultural processes. The particular characteristics of an environment may be similar to and / or different from another. A cultural environment includes people and / or the built environment. Perspectives Perspectives are ways of seeing the world that help explain differences in decisions about, responses to, and interactions with, environments. Perspectives are bodies of thought, theories, or world views that shape people’s values and have built up over time. They involve people’s perceptions (how they view and interpret environments) and viewpoints (what they think) about geographic issues. Perceptions and viewpoints are influenced by people’s values (deeply held beliefs about what is important or desirable). Processes Processes are a sequence of actions, natural and / or cultural, that shape and change environments, places, and societies. Some examples of geographic processes include erosion, migration, desertification, and globalisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Reorientation
    Markets & Trends Photo: Europressedienst Photo: Large crowds were waiting at the gates of the Fiera Milano, but not necessarily because of Solarexpo. Other trade shows that took place at the venue at the same time attracted more visitors than the solar exhibition. Reorientation Italy: The phaseout of the renewable energy law and the prospect of tariffs on solar imports raised concerns in Italy. The visitors of Solarexpo had lots to talk about. The first impression can be mislead- icantly less customers, but also top class ators of small rooftop systems continue ing. The long queues at the entrance of contacts,” commented the marketing to benefit from the incentive without an Solarexpo, which took place in Milan in director of a leading solar manufacturer. entry in the register. Nevertheless, these May, mainly consisted of visitors of the The boom years when major investment smaller PV plants are also part of the bud- Grafitalia/Converflex trade shows at the promised high returns of over 20% and get made available by the Italian govern- same venue. Only about 400 companies drew crowds of investors seem long over. ment for the promotion of solar power. presented their products and innovations Small, down to earth business is becom- In May, GSE’s official counter already at Solarexpo – after more than 1,000 had ing the driving force, also as a result of stood at €6.637 billion and the energy come to Solarexpo 2012 in Verona. Ital- the expiring Conto Energia V. authority decided to limit the second reg- ian companies in particular wrestled According to the Italian energy agency ister to €70.46 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Growthwith Pureenergy
    grOWtH WitH Pure energy tHe WOrlD Has an insa- tiable aPPetite fOr Pure energy. thIS oFFerS huge opportunItIeS For StatKraFt. WE HAVE AMBITIOUS PLANS FOR FURTHER GROWTH IN NORWAY,THE REST OF EUROPE AND IN SELECTED MarketS outSIDe europe. cover photo: leIrDØla poWer plant IS loCateD In luSter, SoGn- oG fJorDane, JuSt SoutH of tHe JoSteDal GlaCIer. tHe poWer plant alSo SerVeS aS Statkraft’S reGIonal HeaDQuarterS for reGIon Central norWaY. GooGle MapS: reproDuCeD WItH perMISSIon contentS: 01 preSIdent and ceo BÅrd mIKKelSen ”Profitable growth within environmentally friendly energy” 06 StatKraFt’S SegmentS 20 report oF the Board oF dIrectorS ”Europe’s largest renewable energy company” 31 management report Market and business conditions 32 Group strategy 36 Financial performance 38 Risk management and internal control 42 Business management 44 Segment information 48 Sustainable value creation 58 65 FInancIal StatementS Statkraft Statkraft AS Group Income Statement 106 66 Balance Sheet 107 67 Statement of Cash Flow 108 68 Statement of Changes in Equity 69 Accounting Policies 109 Notes 110 70 Auditor’s Report 117 117 118 SuStaInaBIlIty StatementS Sustainability Statement 118 GRI index 126 About the Sustainability Statement 128 Auditor’s Statement 129 130 aBout the group Group management 130 Organisation, financial calendar 131 financial key figures UNIT OF adjUsTed** adjUsTed** adjUsTed** adjUsTed** Statkraft aS group measUremeNT 2008 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006 2005 2005 From the Income Statement Gross operating revenues NOK mill. 25 061 25 061 17 619 17 619 16 200 16 200 14 015 15 021 Net operating revenues NOK mill. 19 319 23 601 14 000 13 261 14 970 16 945 -- – of which unrealised changes in values and non-recurring items NOK mill.
    [Show full text]
  • Consolidated Non-Financial Statement Drawn up Pursuant to Italian Leg
    CONSOLIDATED NON-FINANCIAL STATEMENT DRAWN UP PURSUANT TO ITALIAN LEG. DECREE 254/2016 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2018 This report has been translated into the English language solely for the convenience of international readers. CONTENTS LETTER TO THE STAKEHOLDERS 4 ERG AND SUSTAINABILITY Our history: 1938-2018 6 ERG in 2018 8 At the heart of energy for the past 80 years 10 2018-2022 Business Plan 14 80 years of ERG 17 The Governance of sustainability 20 ERG’s certifications in 2018 23 Dialogue with our Stakeholders 26 Methodological note 38 Our sustainability commitments 42 GOVERNANCE The Group’s Corporate Governance 49 The GDPR project for the protection of privacy 60 Enterprise risk management 61 1 ERG Group’s anti-corruption system 68 ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITY Economic value generated and distributed 74 Key economic indicators 75 ERG Group’s plants 77 2 ONE Company 78 Management of wind farms 80 Lengthening life... is possible! 84 New technologies for better work 86 Training at the basis of our work methods 87 Analysis of significant events during the year 91 Management of hydroelectric plants 92 Predictive maintenance in hydro 94 Management of the thermoelectric plant 95 Management of environmental markets 99 ERG and open innovation 101 Our suppliers 103 ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY The european and global approach to climate change 110 CO2 avoided: 2018-2022 121 The reduction of CO2 emissions 122 3 Atmospheric emissions: a sustainable and reliable commitment 126 Water savings to improve efficiency 127 Environmental management of hydroelectric
    [Show full text]
  • Q4/07 Statkraft Sf Interim- Report
    Q4/07 STATKRAFT SF INTERIM- REPORT Key figures Q4 The year STATKRAFT SF GROUP Unit 2007 2006 2007 2006 Gross operating revenues NOK mill. 6 741 3 891 17 950 16 379 Net operating revenues NOK mill. 4 944 6 946 13 583 17 125 - of which unrealised changes in value NOK mill. -135 3 378 -739 1 975 EBITDA NOK mill. 3 541 5 876 9 056 13 423 Operating result NOK mill. 3 059 5 490 7 400 11 914 Share of income from associated companies NOK mill. 726 1 437 2 652 2 054 - of which unrealised changes in value NOK mill. 114 89 411 269 Net financial items NOK mill. -902 -548 -1 243 -2 390 - of which unrealised changes in value NOK mill. -452 -135 230 -1 131 Profit before tax NOK mill. 2 885 6 379 8 809 11 578 Profit after tax NOK mill. 2 572 4 845 6 772 7 791 EBITDA% 1) % 54,5 65,4 54,6 70,2 Net changes in cash flow from operating activities NOK mill. 276 -1 199 6 171 6 392 Cash and cash equivalents NOK mill. 3 344 1 880 Assets NOK mill. 110 292 103 641 Interest-bearing debt ratio % 49,0 45,1 Average spot price NOK/MWh 338 370 224 391 Production, volume sold TWh 14,7 9,5 44,9 45,6 Full-time jobs (equivalents) No. 2 287 2 087 1) Adjusted for unrealised changes in value Contents Highlights in 2007........................................................... 2 Statkraft SF’s business.................................................... 4 Statkraft SF Group Interim Financial Statements...........
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report Etrion Corporation
    2016 2016 Annual EtrionAnnual Report Report Corporation CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S LETTER CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S LETTER 2 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION 6 Management’s Discussion and Analysis 6 Non-IFRS Financial Measures and Forward-Looking Statements 6 Operational Highlights 7 Financial Highlights 7 BUSINESS REVIEW 8 Business Overview 8 Operation Review 10 Development Activities 15 Solar Market Overview 17 FINANCIAL REVIEW 19 Financial Results 19 Financial Position 25 Capital Investments 27 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 28 Related Parties 29 Financial Risk Management 29 Derivative Financial Instruments 30 RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 30 Financial Risks 30 Non-Financial Risks 30 ETRION OUTLOOK AND GUIDANCE 31 DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING 32 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION 34 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 34 AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 35 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 37 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET 38 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 39 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW 40 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 41 9 2 109 MW 9 solar ower lants 2 countries 109 MW o installed solar caacity 17 MW 45 + 200 MW 174,600 MWh 17 MW under construction 45 MW as acklog and roduced 174 million in aan 200 MW as ieline k in 6 develoment in aan This is Etrion Etrion is an independent power producer that develops, builds, owns and operates utility-scale solar power generation plants. Etrion is a solar platform with a proven track record operating assets in Japan and Chile. The Company has gross installed solar capacity of 109 MW plus 17 MW under construction or pre-construction, 45 MW of backlog projects and 200 MW of additional pipeline.
    [Show full text]
  • Market Design for a High-Renewables European Electricity System
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Market design for a high-renewables European electricity system David Newberya, Michael G. Pollitta, Robert A. Ritza,*, Wadim Strielkowskia a Energy Policy Research Group (EPRG), Judge Business School & Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1AG, United Kingdom This version: April 2018 Abstract This paper presents a set of policy recommendations for the market design of a future European electricity system characterized by a dominant share of renewable energy supply (RES), in line with the stated targets of European governments. We discuss the market failures that need to be addressed to accommodate RES in liberalized electricity markets, review the evolution of the EU’s RES policy mechanisms, and summarize the key market impacts of variable RES to date. We then set out economic principles for wholesale market design and use these to develop our policy recommendations. Our analysis covers the value of interconnection and market integration, electricity storage, the design of RES support mechanisms, distributed generation and network tariffs, the pricing of electricity and flexibility as well as long-term contracting and risk management. Keywords: Electricity markets, wholesale market design, renewable energy, interconnection, electricity storage, long-term contracts, capacity markets JEL Classifications: H23, L94, Q28, Q48 *Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (D. Newbery), [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Growthwith Pureenergy
    grOWtH WitH Pure energy tHe WOrlD Has an insa- tiable aPPetite fOr Pure energy. thIS oFFerS huge opportunItIeS For StatKraFt. WE HAVE AMBITIOUS PLANS FOR FURTHER GROWTH IN NORWAY,THE REST OF EUROPE AND IN SELECTED MarketS outSIDe europe. cover photo: leIrDØla poWer plant IS loCateD In luSter, SoGn- oG fJorDane, JuSt SoutH of tHe JoSteDal GlaCIer. tHe poWer plant alSo SerVeS aS Statkraft’S reGIonal HeaDQuarterS for reGIon Central norWaY. GooGle MapS: reproDuCeD WItH perMISSIon contentS: 01 preSIdent and ceo BÅrd mIKKelSen ”Profitable growth within environmentally friendly energy” 06 StatKraFt’S SegmentS 20 report oF the Board oF dIrectorS ”Europe’s largest renewable energy company” 31 management report Market and business conditions 32 Group strategy 36 Financial performance 38 Risk management and internal control 42 Business management 44 Segment information 48 Sustainable value creation 58 65 FInancIal StatementS Statkraft Statkraft AS Group Income Statement 106 66 Balance Sheet 107 67 Statement of Cash Flow 108 68 Statement of Changes in Equity 69 Accounting Policies 109 Notes 110 70 Auditor’s Report 117 117 118 SuStaInaBIlIty StatementS Sustainability Statement 118 GRI index 126 About the Sustainability Statement 128 Auditor’s Statement 129 130 aBout the group Group management 130 Organisation, financial calendar 131 financial key figures UNIT OF adjUsTed** adjUsTed** adjUsTed** adjUsTed** Statkraft aS group measUremeNT 2008 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006 2005 2005 From the Income Statement Gross operating revenues NOK mill. 25 061 25 061 17 619 17 619 16 200 16 200 14 015 15 021 Net operating revenues NOK mill. 19 319 23 601 14 000 13 261 14 970 16 945 -- – of which unrealised changes in values and non-recurring items NOK mill.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Program
    SP_Programm 28.07.2009 15:16 Uhr Seite 1 SP_Programm 28.07.2009 15:16 Uhr Seite 1 SolarPACES 2009 ProgramSolarPACESSolarPACES 2009 ProgramProgram 15 -18 September 2009 Berlin,15 -18-18 Germany September 2009 2009 Berlin, GermanyGermany Hosted by Supported by Platinum Sponsor: Hosted by Supported by Platinum Sponsor: Tue PROGRAM 15 September 2009 Session Tue-3-Plen Tuesday, 15 September 2009 2:00-4:00 pm Plenary Session: CSP Markets Worldwide Room: BERLIN-BERLIN Chair: Dr. Nikolaus Benz, Managing Director / SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH Speaker From Presentation Title All plenary sessions will be broadcasted live on video in the room BERLIN-PEKING. If the room BERLIN- Thomas Maslin, Senior Analyst, North Emerging Energy Research Foundation for Concentrating Solar Power in the BERLIN exceeds full capacity during these sessions, we kindly request that student participants and America Solar Power Advisory US Market Environment and Competive Strategies any latecomers proceed to BERLIN-PEKING. Luis Crespo, General Secretary PROTERMOSOLAR The Market for Concentrating Solar Power in Spain Vittorio Brignoli, Energy Expert ERSE S.p.A. The Market for Concentrating Solar Power in Italy Olaf Goebel, Senior Project Manager MASDAR The Market for Concentrating Solar Power in the Session Tue-1-Plen Tuesday, 15 September 2009 MENA region Yogi Goswami, Professor of University of Florida The Market for Concentrating Solar Power in India 9:00-10:30 am Opening Session Mechanical Engineering Room: BERLIN-BERLIN Moderator: Robert Pitz-Paal, Conference Chair, 2009 / German
    [Show full text]
  • Etrion Corporation 2017 Annual Report
    2017 Annual Report › II ‹ CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S LETTER CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S LETTER 2 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION 6 Management’s Discussion and Analysis 6 Non-IFRS Financial Measures and Forward-Looking Statements 6 Operational Highlights 7 Financial Highlights 7 BUSINESS REVIEW 9 Business Overview 9 Operations Review 11 Development Activities 14 Solar Market Overview 16 FINANCIAL REVIEW 17 Financial Results 19 Financial Position 25 Capital Investments 27 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 28 Related Parties 29 Financial Risk Management 30 Derivative Financial Instruments 30 RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 30 Financial Risks 30 Non-Financial Risks 31 ETRION OUTLOOK AND GUIDANCE 32 DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING 32 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION 33 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 33 AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 36 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 38 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET 39 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 40 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW 41 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 42 BOARD AND MANAGEMENT BOARD MANAGEMENT 73 CORPORATE INFORMATION CORPORATE INFORMATION 74 › III ‹ › IV ‹ 11 4 44 MW 10 solar ower lants 4 sites 44 MW o installed in aan solar caacity in aan 13 MW 190 + 200 MW 43,686 MWh 13 MW under construction 190 MW as acklog and roduced 44 million in aan 200 MW as ieline k in 0 in aan develoment in aan This is Etrion Etrion is an independent power producer that develops, builds, owns and operates utility-scale solar power generation plants. Etrion is a solar platform with a proven track record operating assets in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Investments in Solar Power a Practical Approach to Transaction Cost Theory
    Investments in Solar Power A Practical Approach to Transaction Cost Theory Case Study of Italy and Germany Sonia Bekker 31 January 2017 MA European Union Studies (IR) Leiden University, the Netherlands Dr A.F. Correljé Dr J.S. Oster 2 Investments in Solar Power: A Practical Approach to Transaction Cost Regulation Sonia Bekker [s1616757] 3 PREFACE Two of the most important challenges facing the world today are the growing demand for energy, particularly in developing countries, and the need to reduce CO2 emissions to mitigate climate change. The electricity market, being the energy provider for two of the most polluting sectors in the economy – buildings and industry – and expected to be the largest contributor to the mobility sector if (or once) electric driving is to be the future mode of transportation, is currently on the eve of a large-scale transition toward permanent decarboniZation, provided that it is supported by a purposeful set of policy instruments, either national, regional or global. This paper has been inspired by the ambitious Energy Roadmap 2050 of the European Union, in which the EU “has set itself a long-term goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% when compared to 1990 levels by 2050, while increasing competitiveness, energy independence and security of supply”. The European Commission’s 2050 energy strategy argues that investments in low-carbon technologies, renewable energy, energy efficiency and grid infrastructure are indispensible and can be promoted only through a stable business climate which encourages low-carbon investments. According to my personal view, the protagonist of this energy transition is undisputedly solar energy, the leading actor of this research paper.
    [Show full text]