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Titians-Women-1998.Pdf the obligations thai are left undone. Do iioi But the analogy with the former Soviet aie questions that will remain unan- address me the way despots are addressed, leader has its limits. Khatami's position is swered and contradictions that will re- and do not avoid me as the ill-tempered are weaker than Gorbachev's, since the Ira- main unresolved until he is put to the treated. Do not approach me with an air of nian system is cne with several centers of political test. He has supported the cre- artificiality', and do not think that I find the power, and is not liable to the kind of ation of political parties, btit the how truth offensive. I do not want you to revere and the when of political change, the me. He who finds listening to complaints authoritarian reform that Gorbachev difficult will surely find administration of practiced. And Khatami's position is also limits of the reform that he seeks, re- justice even more so. Therefore, do not stronger than Gorbachev's, in that he main unclear. He supports greater public hesitate in telling the truth or in advising already enjoys the mandate of popular activity by women, but he has been silent me on matters of jtistice. I am neither election, no major foreign commitments on specific discriminations to which above fallibility nor am I immune fiom to renegotiate, and a constitution that, women are subjected, in dress and in law. error in my conduct, unless God safeguards with reasonable reform, can provide the He is open to Western ideas, but he has me from the self, over which He commands basis for the kind of Iran that he wants to been critical of sectilar intellectuals and more control than I. see. of secularism in general. He wishes to We will soon have a clearer reading make a break with the dogma of the In his inaugural address, Khatami of Khatami's position: elections for the revolutionary past, yet he continues to appealed to the judiciary and the execu- influential Gouncil of Experts will go appeal, in his own rationalist and in- tive to estahlish a society based on the ahead in October, local elections in dependent rendering, to the legacy of rule of law, and he called on the judi- 1999, parliamentary elections in 2000, Khomeini. His attitude to Western politi- ciary to promote and to consolidate the and presidential elections, in which cal thought is positive, but some may principle of accountability. There was Khatami could run for a second term, in wonder whether the intensity of his little in his speech about obedience to 2001. Like Goibachev, he is a reformer admiration for the philosopher-king of religion, bnt there was tnuch about the who emerged from the existing regime, Plato is really a liberal admiration. rights of the people and the need for and like Gorbi.chev, he appears to har- And yet it is impossible any longer to them to participate. In international bor illusions aoout how far the tide of doubt the reality of Khatami's liberaliz- affairs, Khatami emphasized the need change can be stemmed. But Khatami ing venture, and its significance for Iran, for "a proud, prosperous, and indepen- has a political mandate, and a mass for the Middle East as a whole, and for a dent Iran," and for a dialogue among movement supporting him from below; Muslim world torn between an indeci- civilizations. and his country need not disintegrate or sive modernism and an assertive funda- transform its constitutional system for his mentalism. The outside world, Muslim hatami's tone, and the sub- project to be realized. and non-Muslim, is right to be a little stance of his reflections, Within Khatami's own thinking, there mesmerized. • have struck a responsive chord inside Iran. There is a widespreaK d feeling in that country of over 60 million that the goals of the revolution need reviewing, and that, faced with manifest problems at home and abroad, a diversity of views must Venus in Venice etnerge. Khatami's intellecttiai appeal is reinforced by his personal manner: he does not hector or denounce, he chooses BY ANKE HOLLANDER instead a calm, rational tone. And his modesty—he uses public transporta- tion and visits schools without official Titian*!) Women pomp—has impressed many Iranians. by Rona Goffen This is not to say that he has convinced all Iranians. There are those in the con- lYile Univenity Press, 342 pp., $60) servative camp who are determined to hen 1 was an overweight gent as she lies naked in her bracelet and sabotage him, by overt and covert ob- and anxious college her earrings. She buries the fingers of struction, and who see in Ali Khamene'i freshman, I kept a .small one hand in her shadowy pubic fleece a possible counter to Khatami. And there reproduction of Titian's and those of the other in a small bttnch are others, of secular orientation, who VenusW of Urbino over my desk. While of roses, and turns her head gently remain suspicious of anyone who has struggling with the desperate unwieldi- against the pillow to look sidelong into issued from the clerical camp, and re- ness of life, I fcund the picture an inspi- the viewer's eyes. Her hair is both tidy mains a clergyman. The great issue con- ration, a solace, a hope, a constant joy. and careless, both dark and fair; her fronting Khatami, and those who seek For a start, it was the very apotheosis body expresses both vital senstiality and to assess his progress, is how far he can of a plump g rl, intensely erotic and castial ease; her warm gaze is both elec- prevail over these oppositions. stipremely beajtiful; and then it was a tric and untroubled. Her form is harmo- It is certainly too soon to say; optimism glorious tritimph of painting. Titian's nious, unmarred by any special erotic would be as misguided as pessimism. technical mastery, conceptual genius, emphasis other than her own hand's In some respects Khatami resembles and sexual understanding had created a calm pose. She breathes no whiff of Gorbachev, who came to office in March sublime subjec; and a sublime object. It depravity or abandon, of death and cor- 1985 signaling a clear break, but with- hting above m\ books and papers repre- ruption tinder the velvet skin, but she is out the power to implement his inten- senting the perfect synthesis of sex and completely real. love, art and thought, facts and magic, tions. It is worth recalling that it took Her empty dress is slung over a maid's Gorbachev until July 1987, over two desire and science. I wanted to be Venus and I wanted to be her creator. shoulder. Her silky puppy is asleep on years, to constittite a Central Gommittee the bed, her room is in a sumptuous ofhis choosing. Ventis's young face is sweetly intelli- house. Her stirroundings say that she is 34 THE NEW REPUBUC OCTOBERS, 1998 rich; her peaceable curves, in tune with in sixteenth-century Venice and neigh- ona Goffen's book deals the universe, say she has found the love boring principalities, where actual rem- only with Titian's secular of her life. Her hand tells us that she is nants were rarer, were no le.ss glad to and mythological women, thinking of him. Her face tells us that commission visions of Classical antiquity, stretching that a hit to in- she is looking at him. The picture says R in the new humanist spirit. For their clude the conventionally errant and re- that mighty Aphrodite, who rules the taste, however, new images reflecting the pentant Mary Magdalen, as a compan- world, is yours alone. ancient world wotild have to .seem unself- ion for Lticretia, the raped and suicidal conscious, naturally sensual and atmo- Romati wife. Titian's other female Chris- itian was able to achieve spheric—that is, tnodern Venetian— tian saints and his various remarkable this kind of halancc again withotit heing stripped of their antique Virgins are not part of this book, though and again. Hardly any i den tit)'. I wonder why Goffen did not include other painter managed to For mythological scenes, which he the vivid Woman Taken in Adultery from make Tthe pagan deities—or the Chris- Titian's Giorgionesque period. C>offen called his poesie, Titian stirpassed the oth- tian saints, the Virgin and her son— erworldly Bellini and Giorgione, ttshig has written two hooks and many schol- seem so palpahly at home in the modern the modern Venetian mode as if he were arly articles on Venetian painting, and world. Titian had his own personal way employing the fresh, instinctive methods on individtial works hy Titian and Bel- of rendering sacredness, Christian or of an antique painter rendering the lini. Her new hook brings some of the pagan. He managed what seems a natu- nymphs from life. He would not convey views that she has expounded elsewhere rally randotn unity, the effect of life itself an ancient theme simply by quoting in to hear on an overarching thesis ahout ha\ing brotight ahoiit, for the sake of paint from surviving antiquities, most of Titian's use of women as subjects for this uniqtie revelation, the muted fttsion them sculptttre; all Titian's classical ref- painting. and concord among the picttired ele- erences were very carefully tnodified, as Goffen proposes Titiati as a painterly ments. Much of this was due to his champion of women, a Renaissance fem- genius for delicately asymmetrical com- were liis tnany refei ences to the works of position and for subtle facial and hodily his contemporaries and his predecessors.
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