Desk-Based Assessment Report
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T H A M E S V A L L E Y ARCHAEOLOGICAL S E R V I C E S Land at Semington Road, Berryfield, Melksham, Wiltshire Archaeological Desk-based Assessment by Tim Dawson Site Code SRB14/130 (ST 9028 6251) Land at Semington Road, Berryfield, Melksham, Wiltshire Archaeological Desk-based Assessment for Mark Chard & Associates by Tim Dawson Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd Site Code SRB 14/130 July 2014 Summary Site name: Land at Semington Road, Berryfield, Melksham, Wiltshire Grid reference: ST 9028 6251 Site activity: Archaeological desk-based assessment Project manager: Steve Ford Site supervisor: Tim Dawson Site code: SRB 14/130 Area of site: 7.7ha Summary of results: The proposal site lies within an area of high archaeological potential with a medieval settlement to the west, possible prehistoric monuments to the north-west and medieval farmland and the line of the post-medieval Wiltshire and Berkshire Canal on the site itself. The site has undergone very little alteration since the early 19th century, suggesting that any buried archaeological deposits will have been well preserved. It is anticipated that it will be necessary to provide further information about the potential of the site from field observations in order to draw up a scheme to mitigate the impact of development on any below-ground archaeological deposits if necessary. Such a scheme could be implemented as an appropriately worded condition attached to any consent gained. This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. All TVAS unpublished fieldwork reports are available on our website: www.tvas.co.uk/reports/reports.asp. Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford 23.07.14 Steve Preston 24.07.14 i Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR Tel. (0118) 926 0552; Fax (0118) 926 0553; email: [email protected]; website: www.tvas.co.uk Land at Semington Road, Berryfield, Melksham, Wiltshire Archaeological Desk-based Assessment by Tim Dawson Report 14/130 Introduction This report is an assessment of the archaeological potential of a parcel of land located to the east of Semington Road, Berryfield, Melksham, Wiltshire (Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Mr Simon Handy of Strutt & Parker LLP, 269 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7LL on behalf of Mark Chard & Associates and comprises the first stage of a process to determine the presence/absence, extent, character, quality and date of any archaeological remains which may be affected by redevelopment of the area. Site description, location and geology The site currently consists of three sub-rectangular fields and an adjacent house on the eastern side of Semington Road to the east of the village of Berryfield and south of Melksham. The site is centred on NGR ST 9028 6251, covers a total area of 7.7ha and is at a height of c.40m above Ordnance Datum. At the time of a site visit (18th July 2014) the western field was under pasture and the central and eastern fields were in the process of being harvested for silage (Pls 1–6). The house in the north-western corner of the proposal area lies within fenced grounds which extend across half of the width of the western field. The fields are bounded by mature hedgerows on all sides and internally except for the western edge where the field is divided from the neighbouring houses by wooden post-and-rail fencing. Beyond the site lies a sewage farm to the south, housing to the west, a caravan park to the north and fields to the north and east. The ground across the whole site slopes gently downhill from north to south with the underlying geology recorded as First River Terrace deposits for the majority of the area with a band of Oxford Clay along the southern edge (BGS 1965). Planning background and development proposals Planning permission is to be sought for the demolition of the existing structures on the site and the redevelopment of the whole area for 172 new dwellings. The Department for Communities and Local Government’s National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF 2012) sets out the framework within which local planning authorities should consider the importance of conserving, or enhancing, aspects of the historic environment, within the planning process. It requires an 1 applicant for planning consent to provide, as part of any application, sufficient information to enable the local planning authority to assess the significance of any heritage assets that may be affected by the proposal. The Historic Environment is defined (NPPF 2012, 52) as: ‘All aspects of the environment resulting from the interaction between people and places through time, including all surviving physical remains of past human activity, whether visible, buried or submerged, and landscaped and planted or managed flora.’ Paragraphs 128 and 129 state that ‘128. In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation. ‘129. Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal.’ A ‘heritage asset’ is defined (NPPF 2012, 52) as ‘A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage asset includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing).’ ‘Designated heritage asset’ includes (NPPF 2012, 51) any ‘World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area designated under the relevant legislation.’ ‘Archaeological interest’ is glossed (NPPF 2012, 50) as follows: ‘There will be archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, or potentially may hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them.’ Specific guidance on assessing significance and the impact of the proposal is contained in paragraphs 131 to 135: ‘131. In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of: the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation; the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness. ‘132. When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are 2 irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional. ‘133. Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply: the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use. ‘134. Where a development proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal, including securing its optimum viable use. ‘135. The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that affect directly or indirectly non designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset. Paragraph 139 recognizes that new archaeological discoveries may reveal hitherto unsuspected and hence non- designated heritage assets ‘139.