Dissertation Submitted in Part-Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of History, University of Sheffield
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I WRITING MIRACLES in TENTH-CENTURY WINCHESTER
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository WRITING MIRACLES IN TENTH-CENTURY WINCHESTER by Cory Stephen Hazlehurst A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Medieval History College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham February 2011 i University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This thesis examines a number of miracle collections and hagiographies written by Winchester monks in the late tenth century. It compares three different accounts of the cult of Swithun by Lantfred, Wulfstan and Ӕlfric, as well as comparing Wulfstan‟s and Ӕlfric‟s Vita Ӕthelwoldi. There were two main objectives to the thesis. The first was to examine whether an analysis of miracle narratives could tell us anything important about how a monastic community perceived itself, especially in relation to the wider world? This was tested by applying approaches used by Thomas Head and Raymond Van Dam to an Anglo- Saxon context. -
The Open Court
— 3^0 The Open Court. DEVOTED TO THE RELIGION OF SCIENCE. Two Dollars per Year. No. 287. (Vol. VII.— 8.) CHICAGO, ) FEBRUARY 23, 1893. '( Single Copies, 5 Cents. Copyright by The Open Court Publishing Co.—Reprints are permitted only on condition of giving full credit to Author and Publisher. than by daily massacres. AUTOS-DA-FK. They also believed in the necessity of popular pastimes, and realised the wisdom BY DR. FELIX L. 0SW.4LD. of propitiating the leaders of victorious armies, and Moral philosophers have often expressed the opin- under the best as well as under the worst of the twenty- ion that no change in the by-laws of ethics will ever six world-kings the significance of the vce victis was affect the stability of certain conventional maxims brought home to vanquished foes and captured crimi- not strictly compatible, in all cases, with our present nals in those orgies of bloodshed which have been conceptions of ideal justice. Among the numerous called the "foulest stain on the records of the human proofs demonstrating the permanence of those inter- race." national compromise axioms we might mention the Yet among the Roman writers who utterly failed to facts that Might has always biased the standards of anticipate that verdict of posterity, there were some Right, and that no protest against the atrocity of in- exemplars of Stoic ethics, and some who frequently dividual sufferings has ever been permitted to inter- denounced acts of wanton cruelty to animals and men. fere with the promotion of principles supposed to in- Cicero, who treated his slaves more kindly than our volve the supreme welfare of the community. -
© 2018 Kyle Joseph Williams
ã 2018 Kyle Joseph Williams THE ASSEMBLED BODY: ANATOMICAL ENUMERATION AND EMBODIMENT IN ANGLO-SAXON DEVOTIONAL TEXTS BY KYLE JOSEPH WILLIAMS DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2018 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Renée R. Trilling, Chair Professor Charles D. Wright Professor Martin Camargo Associate Professor Jim Hansen ABSTRACT “The Assembled Body: Anatomical Enumeration and Embodiment in Anglo- Saxon Devotional Texts” argues that Anglo-Saxon Christians viewed the material body as a potent site for spiritual transformation. This notion finds its fullest expression in the rhetorical scheme of anatomical enumeration which appears across a diverse collection of Old English and Anglo-Latin devotional forms that range from the seventh to eleventh century, such as anonymous personal protective charms and prayers, confessional formulae, monastic execrations, scientific writing and diagrams produced Byrhtferth, as well as a number of Ælfric of Eynsham’s vernacular homilies. This project demonstrates how Anglo-Saxon authors employed such enumerative anatomical catalogs to highlight the vibrancy of the flesh at moments spiritual uncertainty. Casting the material body as an assemblage of agents, this rhetorical disarticulation of the flesh enables readers to envision the realignment and reintegration of their disordered and disobedient limbs into the unity of Christ’s spiritual body. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was completed through the generous help of many kind people. My greatest debt is to my dissertation supervisor, Renée Trilling. Her meticulous and challenging feedback, unceasing patience to allow me the (many) opportunities to learn from my mistakes, and hearty encouragement gave me both the enthusiasm and nerve to complete this task. -
The Tragedy of Hamlet
THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET THE WORKS OF SHAKESPEARE THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET EDITED BY EDWARD DOWDEN n METHUEN AND CO. 36 ESSEX STREET: STRAND LONDON 1899 9 5 7 7 95 —— CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ix The Tragedy of Hamlet i Appendix I. The "Travelling" of the Players. 229 Appendix II.— Some Passages from the Quarto of 1603 231 Appendix III. Addenda 235 INTRODUCTION This edition of Hamlet aims in the first place at giving a trustworthy text. Secondly, it attempts to exhibit the variations from that text which are found in the primary sources—the Quarto of 1604 and the Folio of 1623 — in so far as those variations are of importance towards the ascertainment of the text. Every variation is not recorded, but I have chosen to err on the side of excess rather than on that of defect. Readings from the Quarto of 1603 are occa- sionally given, and also from the later Quartos and Folios, but to record such readings is not a part of the design of this edition. 1 The letter Q means Quarto 604 ; F means Folio 1623. The dates of the later Quartos are as follows: —Q 3, 1605 161 1 undated 6, For ; Q 4, ; Q 5, ; Q 1637. my few references to these later Quartos I have trusted the Cambridge Shakespeare and Furness's edition of Hamlet. Thirdly, it gives explanatory notes. Here it is inevitable that my task should in the main be that of selection and condensation. But, gleaning after the gleaners, I have perhaps brought together a slender sheaf. -
Viking Wirral … and the Battle of Brunanburh Professor Steve Harding
Viking Wirral … and the Battle of Brunanburh Professor Steve Harding Neil Oliver, “History of Scotland” BBC2, 2009 “ The many armies, tens of thousands of warriors clashed at the site known as Brunanburh where the Mersey Estuary enters the sea . For decades afterwards it was simply known called the Great Battle. This was the mother of all dark-age bloodbaths and would define the shape of Britain into the modern era. Althouggg,h Athelstan emerged victorious, the resistance of the northern alliance had put an end to his dream of conquering the whole of Britain. This had been a battle for Britain, one of the most important battles in British historyyy and yet today ypp few people have even heard of it. 937 doesn’t quite have the ring of 1066 and yet Brunanburh was about much more than blood and conquest. This was a showdown between two very different ethnic identities – a Norse-Celtic alliance versus Anglo-Saxon. It aimed to settle once and for all whether Britain would be controlled by a single Imperial power or remain several separate kingdoms. A split in perceptions which, like it or not, is still with us today”. Some of the people who’ve been trying to sort it out Nic k Hig ham Pau l Cav ill Mic hae l Woo d John McNeal Dodgson 1928-1990 Plan •Background of Brunanburh • Evidence for Wirral location for the battle • If it did happen in Wirra l, w here is a like ly site for the battle • Consequences of the Battle for Wirral – and Britain Background of Brunanburh “Cherchez la Femme!” Ann Anderson (1964) The Story of Bromborough •TheThe Viking -
Ph1035/C4753
Queen Ethelfleda and 1100 years since the founding of Warwick PH1035/C4753 Queen Ethelfleda Queen Ethelfleda, or Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, was the daughter of the Anglo-Saxon king, Alfred the Great. At the time of her birth in the late ninth century, England was composed of several kingdoms and was under attack from the Vikings, whose successful campaigns were demonstrated by their conquest of substantial territory to the north and east of Warwickshire known as Danelaw. Ethelfleda is famed for ruling the English Kingdom of Mercia for 34 years and leading its army to victory against the Danes. Conquest of Mercia and settlement in Warwick After the death of her husband, Ethelred, Lord of Mercia, who had driven the Vikings out of part of Mercia, Ethelfleda became the Lady of the Mercians and was accepted as ruler. Alongside her brother Edward, she set about establishing ‘burhs’, or fortified settlements to consolidate the defence of English territory and provide bases for attacks on Danelaw settlements. In 914, what we now know as Warwick was chosen as one of these burhs and was established on a hilltop site. 2014 marks the 1100th anniversary of the founding of this settlement. Ethelfleda died in Tamworth in 918 and was buried in Gloucester. A statue of her stands in the grounds of Tamworth Castle and was re-dedicated last year to commemorate 1100 years since she built the burh in Tamworth. Ethelfleda and the Warwick Pageant of 1906 While there are no surviving records directly related to Ethelfleda in the Record Office, she did feature as one of the tableaux selected in the Warwick Pageant of 1906. -
The Anglo-Saxon Period of English Law
THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD OF ENGLISH LAW We find the proper starting point for the history of English law in what are known as Anglo-Saxon times. Not only does there seem to be no proof, or evidence of the existence of any Celtic element in any appreciable measure in our law, but also, notwithstanding the fact that the Roman occupation of Britain had lasted some four hundred years when it terminated in A. D. 410, the last word of scholarship does not bring to light any trace of the law of Imperial Rome, as distinct from the precepts and traditions of the Roman Church, in the earliest Anglo- Saxon documents. That the written dooms of our kings are the purest specimen of pure Germanic law, has been the verdict of one scholar after another. Professor Maitland tells us that: "The Anglo-Saxon laws that have come down to us (and we have no reason to fear the loss of much beyond some dooms of the Mercian Offa) are best studied as members of a large Teutonic family. Those that proceed from the Kent and Wessex of the seventh century are closely related to the Continental folk-laws. Their next of kin seem to be the Lex Saxonum and the laws of the Lom- bards."1 Whatever is Roman in them is ecclesiastical, the system which in course of time was organized as the Canon law. Nor are there in England any traces of any Romani who are being suffered to live under their own law by their Teutonic rulers. -
Wessex and the Reign of Edmund Ii Ironside
Chapter 16 Wessex and the Reign of Edmund ii Ironside David McDermott Edmund Ironside, the eldest surviving son of Æthelred ii (‘the Unready’), is an often overlooked political figure. This results primarily from the brevity of his reign, which lasted approximately seven months, from 23 April to 30 November 1016. It could also be said that Edmund’s legacy compares unfavourably with those of his forebears. Unlike other Anglo-Saxon Kings of England whose lon- ger reigns and periods of uninterrupted peace gave them opportunities to leg- islate, renovate the currency or reform the Church, Edmund’s brief rule was dominated by the need to quell initial domestic opposition to his rule, and prevent a determined foreign adversary seizing the throne. Edmund conduct- ed his kingship under demanding circumstances and for his resolute, indefati- gable and mostly successful resistance to Cnut, his career deserves to be dis- cussed and his successes acknowledged. Before discussing the importance of Wessex for Edmund Ironside, it is con- structive, at this stage, to clarify what is meant by ‘Wessex’. It is also fitting to use the definition of the region provided by Barbara Yorke. The core shires of Wessex may be reliably regarded as Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Berk- shire and Hampshire (including the Isle of Wight).1 Following the victory of the West Saxon King Ecgbert at the battle of Ellendun (Wroughton, Wilts.) in 835, the borders of Wessex expanded, with the counties of Kent, Sussex, Surrey and Essex passing from Mercian to West Saxon control.2 Wessex was not the only region with which Edmund was associated, and nor was he the only king from the royal House of Wessex with connections to other regions. -
Slavery and Manumission in the Pre-Constantine Church
Eleutheria Volume 2 Issue 2 The Fourth Issue Article 2 August 2013 Slavery and Manumission in the Pre-Constantine Church Joseph Francis Super West Virginia University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/eleu Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Super, Joseph F.. 2013. "Slavery and Manumission in the Pre-Constantine Church." Eleutheria 2, (2). https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/eleu/vol2/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Divinity at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Eleutheria by an authorized editor of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Slavery and Manumission in the Pre-Constantine Church Abstract This paper looks at the church’s handling of the issue of slavery in the period before Constantine and the officialecognition r of Christianity. The time period is important because Christians had no political authority to end slavery, assuming they wanted to do so. Thus, the aim of the paper is discover how the Church as an institution alleviated the conditions of the slaves and how slaves were treated in the church and examine the relationship of slave to master in the church. This will be accomplished by examining certain doctrines of the faith church leaders applied to these problems as well as ancient understandings of what Paul had written and how it fit into their world and social context, which was the social context of the Bible itself. More specifically, by examining Paul’s letter to Philemon, Ignatius’ Epistle to Polycarp, and the Didache, the paper argues that the early church, using a Scriptural model, worked within its circumstances to ameliorate slaves’ material conditions, to bring all classes of people to the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ, and to ensure that, within the church, all people were treated as equals. -
Early Medieval Oxfordshire
Anglo-Saxon Oxfordshire Sally Crawford and Anne Dodd, December 2007 1. Introduction: nature of the evidence, history of research and the role of material culture Anglo-Saxon Oxfordshire has been extremely well served by archaeological research, not least because of coincidence of Oxfordshire’s diverse underlying geology and the presence of the University of Oxford. Successive generations of geologists at Oxford studied and analysed the landscape of Oxfordshire, and in so doing, laid the foundations for the new discipline of archaeology. As early as 1677, geologist Robert Plot had published his The Natural History of Oxfordshire ; William Smith (1769- 1839), who was born in Churchill, Oxfordshire, determined the law of superposition of strata, and in so doing formulated the principles of stratigraphy used by archaeologists and geologists alike; and William Buckland (1784-1856) conducted experimental archaeology on mammoth bones, and recognised the first human prehistoric skeleton. Antiquarian interest in Oxfordshire lead to a number of significant discoveries: John Akerman and Stephen Stone's researches in the gravels at Standlake recorded Anglo-Saxon graves, and Stone also recognised and plotted cropmarks in his local area from the back of his horse (Akerman and Stone 1858; Stone 1859; Brown 1973). Although Oxford did not have an undergraduate degree in Archaeology until the 1990s, the Oxford University Archaeological Society, originally the Oxford University Brass Rubbing Society, was founded in the 1890s, and was responsible for a large number of small but significant excavations in and around Oxfordshire as well as providing a training ground for many British archaeologists. Pioneering work in aerial photography was carried out on the Oxfordshire gravels by Major Allen in the 1930s, and Edwin Thurlow Leeds, based at the Ashmolean Museum, carried out excavations at Sutton Courtenay, identifying Anglo-Saxon settlement in the 1920s, and at Abingdon, identifying a major early Anglo-Saxon cemetery (Leeds 1923, 1927, 1947; Leeds 1936). -
Deadly Hostility: Feud, Violence, and Power in Early Anglo-Saxon England
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 6-2017 Deadly Hostility: Feud, Violence, and Power in Early Anglo-Saxon England David DiTucci Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation DiTucci, David, "Deadly Hostility: Feud, Violence, and Power in Early Anglo-Saxon England" (2017). Dissertations. 3138. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/3138 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEADLY HOSTILITY: FEUD, VIOLENCE, AND POWER IN EARLY ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND by David DiTucci A dissertation submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy History Western Michigan University June 2017 Doctoral Committee: Robert F. Berkhofer III, Ph.D., Chair Jana Schulman, Ph.D. James Palmitessa, Ph.D. E. Rozanne Elder, Ph.D. DEADLY HOSTILITY: FEUD, VIOLENCE, AND POWER IN EARLY ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND David DiTucci, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2017 This dissertation examines the existence and political relevance of feud in Anglo-Saxon England from the fifth century migration to the opening of the Viking Age in 793. The central argument is that feud was a method that Anglo-Saxons used to understand and settle conflict, and that it was a tool kings used to enhance their power. The first part of this study examines the use of fæhð in Old English documents, including laws and Beowulf, to demonstrate that fæhð referred to feuds between parties marked by reciprocal acts of retaliation. -
The National Archives Prob 11/63/590 1 ______
THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES PROB 11/63/590 1 ________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY: The document below is the Prerogative Court of Canterbury copy of the will, dated 18 April 1581, together with a codicil dated 6 May 1581 and a nuncupative codicil dated 10 May 1581, proved 23 November 1581, of Sir William Cordell (1522 – 17 May 1581), Master of the Rolls, and one of the five trustees appointed by Oxford in an indenture of 30 January 1575 prior to his departure on his continental tour. See ERO D/DRg2/25. For a copy of the testator’s will of lands, dated 1 January 1581, see Howard, Joseph Jackson, ed., The Visitation of Suffolke, (Lowestoft: Samuel Tymms, 1866), Vol. I, pp. 248-59 at: https://books.google.ca/books?id=ExI2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA248 In the will below the testator states that he had been executor to Sir Roger Cholmley (c.1485–1565), whose daughter, Frances Cholmley, was the first wife of Sir Thomas Russell (c.1520 - 9 April 1574) of Strensham, who by his second wife, Margaret Lygon, was the father of Thomas Russell (1570-1634), overseer of the will of William Shakespeare of Stratford-upon-Avon. The testator was appointed supervisor of the will, TNA PROB 11/51/33, of Edmund Beaupre (d. 14 February 1568), esquire, for whose connection to John de Vere (1516- 1562), 16th Earl of Oxford, see the inquisition post mortem taken at Stratford Langthorne on 18 January 1563, five months after the Earl’s death, TNA C 142/136/12: And the foresaid jurors moreover say that before the death of the foresaid late Earl