Emperor Akihito Japanese Monarch Declares Historic Abdication
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Who Is Queen Elizabeth II?
Who is Queen Elizabeth II? Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, later to become Queen Elizabeth II, was born on 21 April 1926 in Mayfair, London. She was the first child of The Duke and Duchess of York, who later became King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. The Queen’s birthday is officially celebrated in Britain on the second Saturday of June each year. This special day is referred to as ‘The Trooping of the Colour’. The Queen is also known as the British Sovereign. Trooping of the Colour Elizabeth’s Family In 1936, King Edward VIII stepped down from the throne. Elizabeth’s father was crowned King George VI. Her mother became Queen Elizabeth, and Elizabeth and her sister Margaret were now Princesses. Elizabeth’s Childhood Princess Elizabeth was taught at home, not at school. • She studied art and music and enjoyed drama and swimming. • When she was 11, she joined the Girl Guides. • Elizabeth undertook her first public engagement on her 16th birthday, when she inspected the soldiers of the Grenadier Guards. The Royal Family Elizabeth got married in Westminster Abbey on 20th November 1947, when she was 21 years old. Her husband Prince Philip, also known as the Duke of Edinburgh, was the son of Prince Andrew of Greece. In 1948, the Queen’s first child Prince Charles was born. Two years later Princess Anne was born. Elizabeth would go on to have two more children, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward in 1960 and 1964. Elizabeth Becomes Queen In 1952, when she was just 25, Elizabeth’s father King George VI died. -
Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 27, folder “State Visits - Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Ron Nessen donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 27 of The Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN ~ . .,1. THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN A Profile On the Occasion of The Visit by The Emperor and Empress to the United States September 30th to October 13th, 1975 by Edwin 0. Reischauer The Emperor and Empress of japan on a quiet stroll in the gardens of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Few events in the long history of international relations carry the significance of the first visit to the United States of the Em peror and Empress of Japan. Only once before has the reigning Emperor of Japan ventured forth from his beautiful island realm to travel abroad. On that occasion, his visit to a number of Euro pean countries resulted in an immediate strengthening of the bonds linking Japan and Europe. -
Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei
Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei By ©2016 Alison Miller Submitted to the graduate degree program in the History of Art and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko ________________________________ Dr. Sherry Fowler ________________________________ Dr. David Cateforis ________________________________ Dr. John Pultz ________________________________ Dr. Akiko Takeyama Date Defended: April 15, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Alison Miller certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko Date approved: April 15, 2016 ii Abstract This dissertation examines the political significance of the image of the Japanese Empress Teimei (1884-1951) with a focus on issues of gender and class. During the first three decades of the twentieth century, Japanese society underwent significant changes in a short amount of time. After the intense modernizations of the late nineteenth century, the start of the twentieth century witnessed an increase in overseas militarism, turbulent domestic politics, an evolving middle class, and the expansion of roles for women to play outside the home. As such, the early decades of the twentieth century in Japan were a crucial period for the formation of modern ideas about femininity and womanhood. Before, during, and after the rule of her husband Emperor Taishō (1879-1926; r. 1912-1926), Empress Teimei held a highly public role, and was frequently seen in a variety of visual media. -
Poet Profiles His Imperial Majesty Emperor Akihito and Her Imperial Majesty Empress Michiko of Japan Ty Hadman
Poet Profiles His Imperial Majesty Emperor Akihito and Her Imperial Majesty Empress Michiko of Japan Ty Hadman Since 951 A.D., in the fifth year of Tenreki during the reign of Emperor Murakami, there has been held a ceremony, in the presence of the assembled high court of Japan, known as Utakai Shiki (Ceremony for Chanting Poetry). In spite of interruptions of wars and political variations of the powers of the clans to determine actual rulers of the country, the ceremony is still celebrated to this day. One of the sustaining facets of the ceremony is the fact that the Emperor and members of the Imperial Family each contribute their best poem of the year to be read before this distinguished audience. In order to fulfill this duty of office and to also present an elevated standard of proficiency, part of the education of princes and princesses, is to study the art of waka or tanka writing. The present Emperor of Japan, taken from his mother when he was three years old to be raised by tutors, chamberlains and nurses, was also given instruction in poetry writing. Even after becoming an adult, and still as His Imperial Highness, the Crown Prince, he continued to be instructed on tanka composition by Gotô Shigeru. In 1957, when the then Crown Prince Akihito was of an age to marry, he met, at a tennis match, Miss Michiko Shoda, the eldest daughter of the chairman of the Nisshin Flour Milling Company. She had just graduated, as valedictorian, from the Sacred Heart Women’s University, with a degree from the Department of Literature. -
Symbolism of the Longest Reigning Queen Elizabeth II From1952 To2017
الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Tlemcen Faculty of Letters and Languages Department of English Symbolism of the Longest Reigning Queen Elizabeth II from1952 to2017 Dissertation submitted to the Department of English as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in (LC) Literature and Civilization Presented by Supervised by Ms. Leila BASSAID Mrs. Souad HAMIDI BOARD OF EXAMINERS Dr. Assia BENTAYEB Chairperson Mrs. Souad HAMIDI Supervisor Dr. Yahia ZEGHOUDI examiner Academic Year: 2016-2017 Dedication First of all thanks to Allah the most Merciful. Every challenging work needs self efforts as well as guidance of older especially those who were very close to our heart, my humble efforts and dedications to my sweet and loving parents: Ali and Soumya whose affection, love and prayers have made me able to get such success and honor, and their words of encouragement, support and push for tenacity ring in my ears. My two lovely sisters Manar and Ibtihel have never left my side and are very special, without forgetting my dearest Grandparents for their prayers, my aunts and my uncle. I also dedicate this dissertation to my many friends and colleagues who have supported me throughout the process. I will always appreciate all they have done, especially my closest friends Wassila Boudouaya, for helping me, Fatima Zahra Benarbia, Aisha Derouich, Fatima Bentahar and many other friends who kept supporting and encouraging me in everything for the many hours of proofreading. I Acknowledgements Today is the day that writing this note of thanks is the finishing touch on my dissertation. -
Japan Imperial Institution: Discourse and Reality of Political and Social Ideology
Volume 3, Issue 10, October– 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Japan Imperial Institution: Discourse and Reality of Political and Social Ideology Reihani Suci Budi Utami I Ketut Surajaya Under graduate student Japanese Studies Program Professor of History, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities University Indonesia, Depok 16424, Japanese Studies Program Faculty of Humanities University Indonesia Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia Abstract:- This study discussed the position and role of state slogan Fukoku Kyouhei(Strong Military Rich State) the Emperor based on two Constitutions that have been proclaimed by Meiji government. and are in force in Japan, namely the Meiji Constitution and the 1947 Constitution. The focus of this study was to The Japan State Constitution, passed in 1946 and describe Articles governing the position and role of the implemented in 1947, was compiled during the American Emperor in Japanese government are implemented. The Occupation under General Douglas MacArthur. Democracy study found that articles governing the position of and peace were the ideological foundation of the 1947 Emperor in the Meiji Constitution were not properly Constitution. The Imperial Institution was separated from implemented due to military domination in the the State institutions that run the Government. The position government. Emperor Hirohito in reality did not have of the Emperor as symbol of State union shall not interfere full power in carrying out his functions according to the in administration affairs of the Government. institution. Articles governing the position and function of the Emperor in the 1947 Constitution are proper. In the Meiji Constitution, the Emperor was a Head of Emperor Hirohito, who was later replaced by Prince State who had wide prerogative rights. -
The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg ✵ ✵ the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg ✵
The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg ✵ ✵ The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg ✵ TRH Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa wave to the crowd from the balcony of the Grand Ducal Palace (7 October 2000) Historical introduction ✹07 Chapter One The House of Luxembourg-Nassau ✹17 - The origins of the national dynasty 18 - The sovereigns of the House of Luxembourg 20 - Grand Duke Adolphe 20 - Grand Duke William IV - Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde 21 - Grand Duchess Charlotte 22 - Grand Duke Jean 24 - Grand Duke Henri 28 Grand Duchess Maria Teresa 32 - Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume 34 - Grand Duke Henri’s brothers and sisters 36 - HRH Grand Duke Henri’s accession to the throne on 7 October 2000 40 Chapter Two The monarchy today ✹49 - Prepared for reign 50 - The Grand Duke’s working day 54 - The Grand Duke’s visits abroad 62 - Visits by Heads of State to Luxembourg 74 - The public image of the Grand Ducal Family in Luxembourg 78 Chapter Three The constitutional monarchy ✹83 - The political situation of the Grand Duke 84 SUMMARY - The order of succession to the throne 92 Index - Index Accession to the Grand Ducal Throne 94 - The Lieutenancy 96 - The Regency 98 Chapter Four The symbols of the monarchy ✹101 - National Holiday – official celebration day of the Grand Duke’s birthday 102 - Coats of arms of the Grand Ducal House 104 - The anthem of the Grand Ducal House 106 Chapter Five The residences of the Grand Ducal Family ✹109 - The Grand Ducal Palace 110 - Berg Castle 116 - Fischbach Castle 118 Annexe - The Grand Duke’s visits abroad - Visits by Heads of State to Luxembourg HistoricalIntro introduction History Historical summary Around 963 1214 Siegfried acquires the rocky Ermesinde of Luxembourg outcrop of Lucilinburhuc marries Waleran of Limburg 1059-1086 1226- 1247 Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg 8 1136 ✹ Death of Conrad II, last Count 1247-1281 Henry V of Luxembourg, of Luxembourg from the House known as Henry the Blond, of Ardenne. -
Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress and the Imperial Family
Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress and the Imperial Family Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan January 2021 1 【Contents】 1. The Emperor and the Imperial Family 2. Personal Histories 3. Ceremonies of the Accession to the Throne (From Heisei to Reiwa) 4. Activities of Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress 5. Imperial Palace ※ NB: This material provides basic information about the Imperial Family, which helps foreign readers understand the role and the activities of the Imperial Family of Japan. Cover Photo: Nijubashi Bridges spanning the moat of the Imperial Palace, Tokyo 2 1. The Emperor and the Imperial Family ⃝ The Emperor 【 Position】 1 The Emperor is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power (the Constitution of Japan, Article 1). 2 The Imperial Throne is dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial House Law passed by the Diet (Constitution, Article 2). 【 Powers】 1 The Emperor performs only such acts in matters of state as are provided for in the Constitution, and has no powers related to government (Constitution, Article 4(1)). 2 The Emperor's acts in matters of State (Constitution, Articles 6, Article 7, and Article 4(2)). (1) Appointment of the Prime Minister as designated by the Diet (2) Appointment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court as designated by the Cabinet (3) Promulgation of amendments of the Constitution, laws, cabinet orders, and treaties (4) Convocation of the Diet (5) Dissolution of the House -
Japanese Monarchy: Past and Present Ben-Ami Shillony, Louis
Japanese Monarchy: Past and Present Ben-Ami Shillony, Louis Frieberg Chair in East Asian Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Will an empress save the Japanese monarchy? p.1 Antony Best, London School of Economics A royal alliance: Anglo-Japanese Court Relations, 1900-41 p.18 The Suntory Centre Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines London School of Economics and Political Science Discussion Paper Houghton Street No. IS/06/512 London WC2A 2AE November 2006 Tel: 020-7955-6699 Preface A symposium was held on 23 February 2006 in the Michio Morishima room at STICERD to discuss aspects of Japanese and British royalty. Professor Ben-Ami Shillony discussed the future succession to the Japanese throne in the light of the current debate about female succession, outlined in his recent book Enigma of the Emperors (Folkestone: Global Oriental, 2005). Dr Best analysed the changing Anglo-Japanese court relationship which had originally been underpinned by the Anglo-Japanese alliance but had become a secondary factor by the 1930s. November 2006 Abstracts Shillony: Paper examines how Japan’s imperial dynasty dependent on the male line of succession has lasted so long and analyses how it will overcome its present difficulties. An Advisory Panel was created to recommend future policy to the Koizumi cabinet but its report in 2005 was criticized. The impasse over the Panel’s report was broken by the birth of a son in September 2006 to Princess Kiko, wife of Prince Akishino. Best: Paper explains why the royal relationship with Japan became so important to Britain. During the Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902-23), relations between the two Courts were cordial. -
Contextual Information Timelines and Family Trees Tudors to Windsors: British Royal Portraits 16 March – 14 July 2019
16 March — 14 July 2019 British Royal Portraits Exhibition organised by the National Portrait Gallery, London Contextual Information Timelines and Family Trees Tudors to Windsors: British Royal Portraits 16 March – 14 July 2019 Tudors to Windsors traces the history of the British monarchy through the outstanding collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London. This exhibition highlights major events in British (and world) history from the sixteenth century to the present, examining the ways in which royal portraits were impacted by both the personalities of individual monarchs and wider historical change. Presenting some of the most significant royal portraits, the exhibition will explore five royal dynasties: the Tudors, the Stuarts, the Georgians, the Victorians and the Windsors shedding light on key figures and important historical moments. This exhibition also offers insight into the development of British art including works by the most important artists to have worked in Britain, from Sir Peter Lely and Sir Godfrey Kneller to Cecil Beaton and Annie Leibovitz. 2 UK WORLDWIDE 1485 Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, becoming King Henry VII The Tudors and founding the Tudor dynasty 1492 An expedition led by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus encounters the Americas 1509 while searching for a Western passage to Asia Henry VII dies and is succeeded Introduction by King Henry VIII 1510 The Inca abandon the settlement of Machu Picchu in modern day Peru Between 1485 and 1603, England was ruled by 1517 Martin Luther nails his 95 theses to the five Tudor monarchs. From King Henry VII who won the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, crown in battle, to King Henry VIII with his six wives and a catalyst for the Protestant Reformation 1519 Elizabeth I, England’s ‘Virgin Queen’, the Tudors are some Hernando Cortes lands on of the most familiar figures in British history. -
Queen Elizabeth II the Queen’S Early Life the Queen Was Born at 2.40Am on 21 April 1926 at 17 Bruton Street in Mayfair, London
Queen Elizabeth II The Queen’s early life The Queen was born at 2.40am on 21 April 1926 at 17 Bruton Street in Mayfair, London. She was the first child of The Duke and Duchess of York, who later became King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. At the time she stood third in line of succession to the throne after Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII), and her father, The Duke of York. But it was not expected that her father would become King, or that she would become Queen. The Duke and Duchess of York with Princess Elizabeth The Queen’s early life The Princess was christened Elizabeth Alexandra Mary in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace. She was named after her mother, while her two middle names are those of her paternal great-grandmother, Queen Alexandra, and paternal grandmother, Queen Mary. The Princess's early years were spent at 145 Piccadilly, the London house taken by her parents shortly after her birth, and at White Lodge in Richmond Park. She also spent time at the country homes of her paternal grandparents, King George V and Queen Mary, and her mother's parents, the Earl and Countess of Strathmore. In 1930, Princess Elizabeth gained a sister, with the birth of Princess Margaret Rose. The family of four was very close. The Queen’s early life When she was six years old, her parents took over Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park as their own country home. Princess Elizabeth's quiet family life came to an end in 1936, when her grandfather, King George V, died. -
The Development of Diplomatic Relations and Trade with Ming in the Last Years of the Koryŏ Dynasty
International Journal of Korean History (Vol.10, Dec. 2006) 1 The Development of Diplomatic Relations and Trade with Ming in the Last Years of the Koryŏ Dynasty Lee, Jin- Han∗ Introduction Although it was an unprecedented mega-empire, Yuan began to see signs of agitation in the mid-14th century onwards. Not only did there exist fierce strife for the imperial throne and conflict among the aristocracy but also the misgovernment of Emperor Shundi (Huizong) brought about financial difficulties and the misery of the masses, in turn leading to uprisings nationwide. Originally under the command of Guo Zixing from Haozhou, one of the most powerful forces involved in such unrest, Zhu Yuanzhang (the future Emperor Gaodi or Taizu) declared his independence as the Duke of Wu upon Guo Zixing’s death in 1355 (5th year of King Gongmin’s reign). He then proclaimed himself the King of Wu in 1364 in Nanjing, subdued rival forces such as Zhang Shicheng and Fang Guozhen in 1367, proclaimed himself as the Ming emperor in 1368, and initiated the conquest of Yuan to the north, thus capturing the capital and seizing control of China.1 With the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Koryŏ put its effort into forging diplomatic relations with Ming to be free from Yuan political interference. As for Ming, unlike Koryŏ’s intention, it sought to maintain ∗ Associate Professor, Dept. of Korean History, Korea University 2 The Development of Diplomatic Relations and Trade ~ the Koryŏ-Yuan diplomatic form, which had been based on suzerain-tributary relations. Consequently, as with Yuan earlier, Ming stated the types and amounts of goods that it needed and strictly controlled the number and quality of tribute despite its superficial claim that goodwill was most important to tribute.