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August 4, 2020 u vol. 117 u no. 31 From the Cover 18574 Green coloration in frogs 18292 Pencil-and-paper electronics on skin 18359 Inca resettlement in southern Peru 18591 Metformin and neurodegenerative disease 18832 Immune signaling activation in plants Contents THIS WEEK IN PNAS Cover image: Pictured is the frog 18131 In This Issue Espadarana callistomma. Carlos Taboada et al. report that green EDITORIAL coloration in frogs and toads results from proteins called biliverdin-binding 18135 Scientific versus public debates: A PNAS case study serpins, which bind to the pigment Douglas S. Massey and Mary C. Waters biliverdin and modify the pigment’s absorption properties. The coloration OPINION—Leading scientists discuss current issues mechanism evolved multiple times in 18137 At a Crossroads: Reimagining science, engineering, and medicine—and evolutionary history, and the findings its practitioners highlight the role of extracellular Freeman A. Hrabowski III, J. Kathleen Tracy, and Peter H. Henderson proteins in vertebrate tissue coloration. See the article by Taboada et al. on pages 18574–18581. Image credit: INNER WORKINGS—An over-the-shoulder look at scientists at work Santiago R. Ron. 18142 A pulse of hope in the fight against Alzheimer’s Lynne Peeples QNAS 18146 QnAs with Hashim Al-Hashimi Brian Doctrow COMMENTARIES 18148 Honey bee colony aggression and indirect genetic effects Marla B. Sokolowski See companion article on page 17135 in issue 29 of volume 117 + 18151 Maladaptive response of arterial myocytes to chronic exposure to Ca2 channel blockers Samantha C. O’Dwyer, Manuel F. Navedo, and L. F. Santana See companion article on page 17369 in issue 29 of volume 117 18154 Cats as predators and early domesticates in ancient human landscapes Fiona Marshall See companion article on page 17710 in issue 30 of volume 117 LETTERS 18157 Complications and challenges for securing Mediterranean timelines Sturt W. Manning Free online through the PNAS open access option. PNAS u August 4, 2020 u vol. 117 u no. 31 u iii–viii Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 18159 Reply to Manning: Dating of Gordion tree- 18470 Calcium-triggered fusion of lipid membranes is ring sequence still stands within a year enabled by amphiphilic nanoparticles of 745 BC Mukarram A. Tahir, Zekiye P. Guven, Laura R. Arriaga, Berta Charlotte Pearson, Matthew Salzer, Lukas Wacker, Peter Tinao, Yu-Sang Sabrina Yang, Ahmet Bekdemir, Jacob T. Brewer, Adam Sookdeo, and Peter Kuniholm Martin, Alisha N. Bhanji, Darrell Irvine, Francesco Stellacci, and Alfredo Alexander-Katz 18477 Machine learning classification can reduce false INAUGURAL ARTICLE positives in structure-based virtual screening 18161 Multidecadal records of intrinsic water-use efficiency Yusuf O. Adeshina, Eric J. Deeds, and John Karanicolas in the desert shrub Encelia farinosa reveal strong 18869 A mechanism-aware and multiomic machine-learning responses to climate change pipeline characterizes yeast cell growth Avery W. Driscoll, Nicholas Q. Bitter, Darren R. Sandquist, Christopher Culley, Supreeta Vijayakumar, Guido Zampieri, and James R. Ehleringer and Claudio Angione BRIEF REPORTS CHEMISTRY 18169 Discovery of the world’s highest-dwelling mammal 18206 Lipid sponge droplets as programmable Jay F. Storz, Marcial Quiroga-Carmona, Juan C. Opazo, synthetic organelles Thomas Bowen, Matthew Farson, Scott J. Steppan, Ahanjit Bhattacharya, Henrike Niederholtmeyer, Kira A. and Guillermo D’Elı´a Podolsky, Rupak Bhattacharya, Jing-Jin Song, Roberto J. Brea, 18172 Inefficient V(D)J recombination underlies monogenic Chu-Hsien Tsai, Sunil K. Sinha, and Neal K. Devaraj T cell receptor β expression 18216 Two-step reaction mechanism reveals new Glendon S. Wu and Craig H. Bassing antioxidant capability of cysteine disulfides 18175 Identification of GLUT12/SLC2A12 as a urate against hydroxyl radical attack transporter that regulates the blood urate Sarju Adhikari, Ramon Crehuet, Josep M. Anglada, Joseph S. Francisco, and Yu Xia level in hyperuricemia model mice Yu Toyoda, Tappei Takada, Hiroshi Miyata, Hirotaka 18224 Crystallographic evidence of Watson–Crick Matsuo, Hidetoshi Kassai, Kazuki Nakao, Masahiro connectivity in the base pair of anionic Nakatochi, Yusuke Kawamura, Seiko Shimizu, Nariyoshi adenine with thymine Shinomiya, Kimiyoshi Ichida, Makoto Hosoyamada, Atsu Aiba, Manish Kumar Mishra, Steven P. Kelley, Volodymyr Smetana, and Hiroshi Suzuki David A. Dixon, Ashley S. McNeill, Anja-Verena Mudring, and Robin D. Rogers PHYSICAL SCIENCES 18231 Experimental and theoretical evidence for hydrogen doping in polymer solution-processed indium APPLIED MATHEMATICS gallium oxide 18355 Relating size and functionality in human social Wei Huang, Po-Hsiu Chien, Kyle McMillen, Sawankumar networks through complexity Patel, Joshua Tedesco, Li Zeng, Subhrangsu Mukherjee, Binghao Wang, Yao Chen, Gang Wang, Yang Wang, B. J. West, G. F. Massari, G. Culbreth, R. Failla, M. Bologna, Yanshan Gao, Michael J. Bedzyk, Dean M. DeLongchamp, R. I. M. Dunbar, and P. Grigolini Yan-Yan Hu, Julia E. Medvedeva, Tobin J. Marks, and Antonio Facchetti APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES 18880 Thermodynamic energetics underlying genomic 18178 Plato’s cube and the natural geometry instability and whole-genome doubling in cancer of fragmentation Francoise Remacle, Thomas G. Graeber, and R. D. Levine Ga´bor Domokos, Douglas J. Jerolmack, Ferenc Kun, and Ja´nos To¨ro¨k EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES 18186 Reconfigurable microbots folded from simple colloidal chains 18240 Automated detection of archaeological mounds Tao Yang, Brennan Sprinkle, Yang Guo, Jun Qian, using machine-learning classification of multisensor Daoben Hua, Aleksandar Donev, David W. M. Marr, and multitemporal satellite data and Ning Wu Hector A. Orengo, Francesc C. Conesa, Arnau Garcia-Molsosa, Agustı´n Lobo, Adam S. Green, Marco Madella, and Cameron A. Petrie ASTRONOMY 18194 Predicting the long-term stability of compact 18251 Recent anthropogenic curtailing of Yellow River multiplanet systems runoff and sediment load is unprecedented Daniel Tamayo, Miles Cranmer, Samuel Hadden, Hanno over the past 500 y Rein, Peter Battaglia, Alysa Obertas, Philip J. Armitage, Yu Liu, Huiming Song, Zhisheng An, Changfeng Sun, Valerie Shirley Ho, David N. Spergel, Christian Gilbertson, Trouet, Qiufang Cai, Ruoshi Liu, Steven W. Leavitt, Yi Naireen Hussain, Ari Silburt, Daniel Jontof-Hutter, Song, Qiang Li, Congxi Fang, Weijian Zhou, Yinke Yang, and Kristen Menou Zhao Jin, Yunqiang Wang, Junyan Sun, Xingmin Mu, Ying Lei, Lu Wang, Xuxiang Li, Meng Ren, Linlin Cui, and Xueli Zeng BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 18258 Elevated paleomagnetic dispersion at Saint Helena 18431 An influenza A hemagglutinin small-molecule fusion suggests long-lived anomalous behavior in the inhibitor identified by a new high-throughput South Atlantic fluorescence polarization screen Yael A. Engbers, Andrew J. Biggin, and Richard K. Bono Yao Yao, Rameshwar U. Kadam, Chang-Chun David Lee, Jordan L. Woehl, Nicholas C. Wu, Xueyong Zhu, Seiya 18264 Exoplanet secondary atmosphere loss and revival Kitamura, Ian A. Wilson, and Dennis W. Wolan Edwin S. Kite and Megan N. Barnett iv u www.pnas.org Contents Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 18272 Elevated dust depositions in West Asia linked to 18355 Relating size and functionality in human social ocean–atmosphere shifts during North Atlantic networks through complexity cold events B. J. West, G. F. Massari, G. Culbreth, R. Failla, M. Bologna, Reza Safaierad, Mahyar Mohtadi, Bernd Zolitschka, Yusuke R. I. M. Dunbar, and P. Grigolini Yokoyama, Christoph Vogt, and Enno Schefuß 18359 Integration of ancient DNA with transdisciplinary 18278 Soft transition between subcritical and supercritical dataset finds strong support for Inca resettlement currents through intermittent cascading in the south Peruvian coast interfacial instabilities Jacob L. Bongers, Nathan Nakatsuka, Colleen O’Shea, Jorge Salinas, S. Balachandar, Mrugesh Shringarpure, Juan Thomas K. Harper, Henry Tantalea´n, Charles Stanish, Fedele, David Hoyal, and Mariano Cantero and Lars Fehren-Schmitz 18285 High-pressure elastic properties of dolomite melt supporting carbonate-induced melting in deep PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES upper mantle 18369 Robust evidence for bisexual orientation among men Man Xu, Zhicheng Jing, Suraj K. Bajgain, Mainak Mookherjee, Jeremy Jabbour, Luke Holmes, David Sylva, Kevin J. James A. Van Orman, Tony Yu, and Yanbin Wang Hsu, Theodore L. Semon, A. M. Rosenthal, Adam Safron, Erlend Slettevold, Tuesday M. Watts-Overall, ENGINEERING Ritch C. Savin-Williams, John Sylla, Gerulf Rieger, and J. Michael Bailey 18292 Pencil–paper on-skin electronics Yadong Xu, Ganggang Zhao, Liang Zhu, Qihui Fei, Zhe Zhang, Zanyu Chen, Fufei An, Yangyang Chen, Yun Ling, Peijun Guo, SOCIAL SCIENCES Shinghua Ding, Guoliang Huang, Pai-Yen Chen, Qing Cao, 18378 Lay theories of peace and their influence on policy and Zheng Yan preference during violent conflict 18302 Reproductive outcomes predicted by phase imaging Oded Adomi Leshem and Eran Halperin with computational specificity of spermatozoon ultrastructure BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Mikhail E. Kandel, Marcello Rubessa, Yuchen R. He, Sierra Schreiber, Sasha Meyers, Luciana Matter Naves, Molly K. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Sermersheim, G. Scott Sell, Michael J. Szewczyk, Nahil Sobh, Matthew B. Wheeler, and Gabriel Popescu 18317 Qualitative crop condition survey reveals spatiotemporal production patterns and 18310 Bioinspired conductive cellulose liquid-crystal allows