The Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific
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Perspectives from Cranial and Dental Affinity of the Human Remains from Iron Age Phum Snay, Cambodia Hirofumi MATSUMURA1*, Kate M
ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE Vol. 119(1), 67–79, 2011 On the origin of pre-Angkorian peoples: perspectives from cranial and dental affinity of the human remains from Iron Age Phum Snay, Cambodia Hirofumi MATSUMURA1*, Kate M. DOMETT2, Dougald J.W. O’REILLY3 1Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan 2School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia 3Department of Archaeology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Received 11 May 2010; accepted 30 July 2010 Abstract This article presents the results of an assessment of the morphological affinities of the skel- etal remains from a large mortuary assemblage, dated to Iron Age, in Phum Snay, a village in Banteay Meanchey Province, northwest Cambodia. The purpose of the research is to address the origin of these pre-Angkorian people. Multivariate comparisons using cranial and dental metrics, as well as dental nonmetric traits, demonstrate that the characteristic affinities intermediate between the early Holocene Hoabinhian groups akin to Australo-Melanesians and the present-day people in the mainland Southeast Asia. This finding suggests that the ancient people of Phum Snay preserved genetic traits of early in- digenous populations, whereas modern mainland Southeast Asians, including Cambodians, were more affected by gene flow from later migrants from East Asia into this region. Key words: Phum Snay, Cambodia, human remains, pre-Angkorian > Introduction long ( 1 m) swords, found only interred with males, may have had military applications. The human skeletal remains Phum Snay is a village located along National Route 6 from Phum Snay also show some striking differences to between Siem Reap (the center of the ancient great state of those in northeast Thailand, including a high rate of cranial Angkor) and the Thai border in Preah Neat Prey District, trauma and artificial tooth deformation (Domett and Buckley, Banteay Meanchey Province, northwest Cambodia (Figure 1). -
Annual Report 2019-2020
ANNUAL REPORT 2019-2020 www.cseashawaii.org CSEAS 2019 - 2020 Annual Report 2 3 CSEAS 2019 - 2020 Annual Report ABOUT UHCSEAS CONTENTS Our mission is to encourage transdisciplinary study of the eleven countries forming Southeast Asia: its peoples, religions, history, View from a cave along the Mekong River in Laos economics, geography, art, cultures, science, About UH CSEAS 03 and politics. Director’s Note 04 Faculty 06 Students loha! Welcome to the Center for Southeast non-profit organizations to develop curriculum ma- Spotlights 10 Asian Studies (CSEAS), College of Arts, Lan- terials and host outreach projects focused on South- FLAS Awardees 11 Aguages & Letters (CALL), at the University of east Asia. Hawai‘i at Mānoa (UHM). • Facilitate efforts by UHM to establish educational Exploration 12 With the objective of promoting educational and partnerships with colleges and universities in SEA. cultural awareness of Southeast Asia (SEA), CSEAS Programs • Organize and sponsor lecture series, colloquia, film worked over the past year to: series, seminars, museum exhibits, and major re- Talks 14 • Provide student funding for the study of Southeast search forums and conferences through our vibrant Asian languages and cultures. social media platforms. Events 16 • Support the teaching of Southeast Asian languages • Continue to build UHM’s SEA library collection, in- including Ilocano, Indonesian, Khmer, Tagalog, Thai, cluding digital and moving image resources. Web & Social Media 20 and Vietnamese. • Maintain and enhance our university’s national and • Build partnerships with local K-12 schools, com- international reputation as an outstanding resource Staff 22 munity colleges, military education centers, and in Southeast Asian studies. -
Southeast Asia Bioarchaeology Newsletter
Southeast Asia Bioarchaeology Newsletter Issue No 3 April 2006 Edited by Kate Domett [email protected] Welcome to the third annual newsletter designed to update you on the latest news in the field of bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia. News From: Michael Pietrusewsky University of Hawaii, Honolulu Email: [email protected] NEWS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, HONOLULU Michael Pietrusewsky, Rona Ikehara, and Michele Toomay Douglas presented a paper at the 18th Congress of the Indo- Pacific Prehistory Association (IPPA) Congress in Manila, Philippines, March 20-26, 2006, entitled “The Bioarchaeology of the Vat Komnou Cemetery, Angkor Borei, Cambodia”. Approximately 60 inhumation burials, of varying states of completeness and preservation, dated between 200 B.C. and A.D. 400 (or the early historic period in the Mekong delta) were excavated at the Vat Komnou cemetery Angkor Borei, Cambodia, by the University of Hawaii and the Royal University of Fine Arts in 1999 and 2000. The cemetery contained the remains of all age groups from infants to old adults. Over 40% of the burials are subadults. Adult males outnumber females 2 to 1 and most of the adults died as young adults. Osteological analyses are beginning to provide us with our first glimpses of these protohistoric people, associated with early Khmer culture, including evidence of health, disease, physiological stress, injury, physical activity, subsistence, length of life, and cultural modification of bone and teeth. Among the findings are tooth caries, moderate to extreme tooth attrition, and evidence of periodontal disease. Possible cultural modifications of the teeth include staining of the tooth enamel most likely due to chewing betel nut and tooth filing. -
Results of the 1995-1996 Archaeological Field Investigations at Angkor Borei, Cambodia
Results of the 1995-1996 Archaeological Field Investigations at Angkor Borei, Cambodia JUDY LEDGERWOOD, MICHAEL DEGA, CAROL MORTLAND, NANCY DOWLING, JAMES M. BAYMAN, BONG SOVATH, TEA VAN, CHHAN CHAMROEUN, AND KYLE LATINIS ALTHOUGH ANCIENT STATES EMERGED in several parts of Southeast Asia (Bent ley 1986; Coedes 1968; Higham 1989a, 1989b), few of the world's archaeologists look to Southeast Asia to study the development of sociopolitical complexity. One reason for this lack of attention is that other Old \Xlodd regions, such as the N ear East, have dominated research on early civilizations (see also Morrison 1994). Perhaps another reason lies in archaeologists' current focus on prehistoric research: we have made great strides in understanding key changes in the pre history of Southeast Asia (see Bellwood 1997 and Higham 1989a, 1989b, 1996 for reviews). Our understanding of the archaeology of early state formation in main land Southeast Asia, however, has developed more slowly (Hutterer 1982). Many long-term research programs on this topic have been initiated only in the past decade (Allard 1994; Glover et al. 1996; Glover and Yamagata 1995; Higham 1998; Moore 1992, 1998; Yamagata and Glover 1994). Nowhere is this gap in our understanding more acute than in Cambodia, where one of the great ancient states of Southeast Asia flourished during the ninth to fourteenth centuries. Cambodia has a rich cultural heritage, but little is known about periods that preceded the founding of Angkor in A.D. 802. French archaeologists visited pre Angkorian sites throughout Indochina (particularly Cambodia and Viet Nam) and translated inscriptions from these sites between 1920 and 1950. -
Mid-Holocene Hunter-Gatherers ‘Gaomiao’ in Hunan, China: the First of the Two-Layer Model in the Population History of East/Southeast Asia
4 Mid-Holocene Hunter-Gatherers ‘Gaomiao’ in Hunan, China: The First of the Two-layer Model in the Population History of East/Southeast Asia Hirofumi Matsumura, Hsiao-chun Hung, Nguyen Lan Cuong, Ya-feng Zhao, Gang He and Zhang Chi Gaomiao, the eponymous archaeological site of the Gaomiao Culture (ca. 7500–5500 BP) has produced evidence of a unique hunter-gatherer society in Hunan Province, China, that produced fine decorated pottery. The human remains unearthed from this site provided an excellent opportunity to assess phenotypic and biological relationships between the Gaomiao and prehistoric and modern human populations that have inhabited East/Southeast Asia over the past ca. 10,000 years through cranial morphometrics. The assessment of morphometric affinity presented here addresses the peopling of East Asia, particularly in the context of the ‘two-layer’ hypothesis describing the population history of this region. The results suggest that the Gaomiao skeletons inherited genetic signatures from early colonising populations of Late Pleistocene southern Eurasian origin to a certain extent, and might share a common ancestry with present-day Australian Aboriginal and Melanesian people. Introduction The study of the population history of East Asia remains complex due to various migration processes and intermixing of populations throughout prehistory, poor archaeological sample sizes and limited radiometric dating. In general terms, East Asia is thought to have been originally inhabited by (to use the classic term) ‘Mongoloid’ peoples from the Late Pleistocene onwards. In the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene of Southeast Asia, several sets of human remains exhibit Australo-Melanesian characteristics, and it has been argued that an indigenous population possessing this morphological form occupied Southeast Asia. -
Alison Kyra Carter, July 2018
Alison Kyra Carter, July 2018 Alison Kyra Carter Curriculum Vitae University of Oregon Office Telephone: 541-346-5037 Department of Anthropology Email address: [email protected] 205 Condon Hall 1321 Kincaid Street Eugene, OR 97403 EDUCATION PhD. Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2013 Dissertation: Trade, exchange, and socio-political development in Iron Age (500 BC- AD 500) mainland Southeast Asia: An examination of stone and glass beads from Cambodia and Thailand. M.S. Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2007 B.A. Department of Religion/Archaeological Studies, Oberlin College, 2001 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2017 – Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon 2015-2017 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2013-2017 Honorary Fellow, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin- Madison 2014-2017 Honorary Associate, Department of Archaeology, University of Sydney PUBLICATIONS Peer Reviewed Journal Articles In Press Carter, Alison K., Piphal Heng, Miriam Stark, and Rachna Chhay. “Urbanism and residential patterning at Angkor.” Accepted to Journal of Field Archaeology, expected publication in December 2018. 2017 Carter, Alison K., Laure Dussubieux, Martin Polkinghorne, Christophe Pottier. “Glass at Angkor: Evidence for exchange.” Accepted and published early online with Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-017-0586-2 2016 Carter, Alison K. “The Production and Consumption of Stone and Glass Beads in Southeast Asia from 500 BCE to the early second millennium CE: An assessment of the work of Peter Francis in light of recent research.” Archaeological Research in Asia, 6: 16-29. 1 Alison Kyra Carter, July 2018 2016 Carter, Alison K. -
Looking Forward by Studying the Past in East and Southeast Asian Archaeology: the Next 50 Years
LOOKING FORWARD BY STUDYING THE PAST IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN ARCHAEOLOGY: THE NEXT 50 YEARS Miriam Stark Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii, [email protected] INTRODUCTION Southeast Asia’s context was no less dynamic in the Cold I am pleased to contribute this discussion to the collection War world: new countries (like Brunei and Singapore) of articles resulting from Nam Kim and Alison Carter’s emerged from their colonial beginnings; Ferdinand E. 2013 conference entitled, “Recent Advances in the Ar- Marcos was first inaugurated on Dec 30, 1965 and would chaeology of East and Southeast Asia.” Participants intro- steer the Philippines for the next two decades; and Major duced recent archaeological research from East and General Suharto led the Indonesian government’s three- Southeast Asia that addressed a wide range of issues from year pushback against a putatively communist coup that every time period and major artifact class under archaeo- would kill between 500,000 and one million communists, logical study. As the conference’s keynote speaker, I ethnic Chinese and alleged leftist Indonesian citizens. The sought overarching themes and offered a vision for East United States escalated its military involvement in Indo- and Southeast Asian archaeology’s next 50 years. Upon china and began plans to triple the number of American reflection, variability is the first most important theme of troops in Vietnam to 400,000. This engagement, which the Wisconsin conference papers: many participants of- continued for a decade, drew many Western countries into fered new approaches, and several challenged conven- the fray and plunged much of mainland Southeast Asia tional wisdom. -
Southeast Asian Archaeology
Anthropology 310: Southeast Asian Archaeology Cambodia;Chiang Ban painted pot. Angkor of temple the Culture; Dvaravati the from Triad Buddhist Vietnam; from drum Clockwisefrom oftopDongSonleft: detail a bronze Wat in in Wat Dr. Alison Carter Class Meeting: Mondays and Wednesdays Office: Condon Hall 255 4:00 -5:20pm Office Hours: Wednesdays 1-3pm or by appointment 117 Lokey Education *You can reserve time to meet during office hours on Canvas* Building Email: [email protected] Southeast Asian Archaeology The archaeology Southeast Asia is more than just the ruins of Angkorian temples. This course will provide an overview of the archaeology of Southeast Asia with a focus on mainland Southeast Asia, following the cultural trajectories of the region through a review of the material record. We will begin with the appearance of modern humans in Asia and continue until approximately 1500AD. We will explore the lives of early hunter-gatherers and consider the adoption and spread of agriculture and metallurgy, as well as the impact of long-distance trade and inter-regional interaction. We will also consider complex polities, such as Dvaravati and Angkor. Special attention will be paid to the diversity of cultures in Southeast Asia and the social and environmental contexts of developments over time. The course will conclude with an examination of how the past is related to modern-day issues of nationalism and cultural heritage. Classes will involve lecture, as well as regular student participation and discussion of weekly readings. Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 1 What I want you to get out of this course Textbooks and Readings • An understanding of the basic historical sequence in Southeast Asia from modern humans to the development of state-level societies. -
Gold in Early Southeast Asia L’Or Dans Le Sud-Est Asiatique Ancien
ArcheoSciences Revue d'archéométrie 33 | 2009 Authentication and analysis of goldwork Gold in early Southeast Asia L’or dans le Sud-Est asiatique ancien Anna T. N. Bennett Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/archeosciences/2072 DOI: 10.4000/archeosciences.2072 ISBN: 978-2-7535-1598-7 ISSN: 2104-3728 Publisher Presses universitaires de Rennes Printed version Date of publication: 31 December 2009 Number of pages: 99-107 ISBN: 978-2-7535-1181-1 ISSN: 1960-1360 Electronic reference Anna T. N. Bennett, « Gold in early Southeast Asia », ArcheoSciences [Online], 33 | 2009, Online since 10 December 2012, connection on 10 December 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ archeosciences/2072 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/archeosciences.2072 Article L.111-1 du Code de la propriété intellectuelle. Gold in early Southeast Asia L’or dans le Sud-Est asiatique ancien Anna T. N. Bennett * Abstract: Gold is fairly widely, though irregularly, distributed throughout Southeast Asia in igneous and metamorphic hard rock deposits and in sedimentary placer deposits. he region was known to the Indian merchants of the 1st millennium BPE as Suvarnabhumi: ‘Land of Gold’, which is thought to refer to the mainland, including lower Burma and the hai Malay Peninsula, and Suvarnadvipa: ‘Islands of Gold’, which may correspond to the Indonesian Archipelago, including Sumatra. he historical sources inform us that the Chinese were clearly impressed by the quantities of gold present, and there is evidence to suggest that the gold deposits were one of the stimulating factors in the development of early contacts with India and China. Gold irst appears in the archaeological record in 400 BPE, at about the same time as iron, semiprecious stone polishing and glass working, suggesting that the techniques of gold extraction and working were quite plausibly introduced to Southeast Asia via Indian and/or Chinese merchants seeking gold ores. -
Miriam Stark's Abstract
Premodern Khmers and their Mekong: Ecology and Agency in Archaeological Perspective Miriam Stark (University of Hawai’i at Mānoa) Paper for “Rivers and Historical Time: Nature-human Interactions on Four Circum-Himalayan Rivers- Global Asia Initiative Workshop, Center for International & Global Studies, Duke University, February 16, 2018. December 22, 2017 draft The Mekong River is Southeast Asia’s longest drainage system, originating in China’s Qinghai Province near the Tibetan border and wending its way southward through Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia and Vietnam to empty its nine ‘mouths’ into the South China Sea. More than 60 million people today rely on the Mekong River to support farming, fishing, and other livelihoods. The Mekong is the region’s ricebowl and a biodiversity hotspot; it is also a contested space whose existence is now threatened by both human and natural forces. A complex web of international agreements and a fully-functioning multi- country Mekong River Commission have not prevented the construction of six hydroelectric dams in China, with more than ten major dams in the planning stage for Laos and Cambodia, and dozens more on its tributaries. These dams, and increasingly unpredictable rainfall, have already impacted Mekong River communities downstream, and the future promises to be even more bleak. What was life like before the dams? How did the Mekong River ecology shape the everyday life of its communities in the premodern world? Archaeological research in Cambodia offers insights on major turning points in human-river relationships with the Mekong: the Pre-Angkorian and Angkorian worlds. My Pre-Angkorian case study examines 6th – 8th century CE livelihood and transportation along the Mekong River and in the Mekong Delta. -
The Khmer Did Not Live by Rice Alone Archaeobotanical Investigations At
Archaeological Research in Asia 24 (2020) 100213 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Archaeological Research in Asia journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ara The Khmer did not live by rice alone: Archaeobotanical investigations at Angkor Wat and Ta Prohm T ⁎ Cristina Cobo Castilloa, , Alison Carterb, Eleanor Kingwell-Banhama, Yijie Zhuanga, Alison Weisskopfa, Rachna Chhayc, Piphal Hengd,f, Dorian Q. Fullera,e, Miriam Starkf a University College London, Institute of Archaeology, 31–34 Gordon Square, WC1H 0PY London, UK b University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, 1218 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA c Angkor International Centre of Research and Documentation, APSARA National Authority, Siem Reap, Cambodia d Northern Illinois University, Department of Anthropology, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 520 College View Court, IL, USA e School of Archaeology and Museology, Northwest University, Xian, Shaanxi, China f University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Department of Anthropology, HI, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The Angkorian Empire was at its peak from the 10th to 13th centuries CE. It wielded great influence across Inscriptions mainland Southeast Asia and is now one of the most archaeologically visible polities due to its expansive re- Household gardens ligious building works. This paper presents archaeobotanical evidence from two of the most renowned Non-elites Angkorian temples largely associated with kings and elites, Angkor Wat and Ta Prohm. But it focuses on the Economic crops people that dwelt within the temple enclosures, some of whom were involved in the daily functions of the Rice temple. Archaeological work indicates that temple enclosures were areas of habitation within the Angkorian Cotton urban core and the temples and their enclosures were ritual, political, social, and economic landscapes. -
Researchonline@JCU
ResearchOnline@JCU This is the Accepted Version of a paper published in the journal: International Journal of Paleopathology Newton, J.S., Domett, K.M., O'Reilly, D.J.W., and Shewan, L. (2013) Dental health in Iron Age Cambodia: temporal variations with rice agriculture. International Journal of Paleopathology, 3 (1). pp. 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2013.01.003 Dental health in Iron Age Cambodia: temporal variations with rice agriculture. J.S. Newton1, K.M. Domett1, D.J.W. O’Reilly2, and L. Shewan3 1 James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia 2 Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia 3 University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Corresponding author: Jennifer Newton School of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia Phone: (07) 4781 6417 Fax: (07) 4781 6986 [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT The dental health of two Cambodian Iron Age (500 BC to 500AD) communities is interpreted through an analysis of advanced wear, caries, periapical lesions, and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL). The two communities, Phum Snay and Phum Sophy, just 40 kilometres apart, are temporally situated at a time of significant socio-political change prior to the establishment of Angkorian state rule. Dental pathology frequencies are compared between the two communities and with other prehistoric sites throughout Southeast Asia to determine whether dental health was affected by socio-political changes and the intensification of rice agriculture that also occurred at this time. The people of Snay and Sophy, despite their proximity, were found to exhibit significant differences in dental health.