Anthropology 310: Southeast Asian Archaeology

pot. painted Ban Chiang ; Dvaravati Culture; the temple of drum from ; Buddhist Triad from the bronze a detail left:top DongSon of from Clockwise

Wat in

Dr. Alison Carter Class Meeting: Mondays and Wednesdays Office: Condon Hall 255 4:00 -5:20pm Office Hours: Wednesdays 1-3pm or by appointment 117 Lokey Education *You can reserve time to meet during office hours on Canvas* Building Email: [email protected]

Southeast Asian Archaeology The archaeology is more than just the ruins of Angkorian temples. This course will provide an overview of the archaeology of Southeast Asia with a focus on mainland Southeast Asia, following the cultural trajectories of the region through a review of the material record. We will begin with the appearance of modern humans in Asia and continue until approximately 1500AD. We will explore the lives of early hunter-gatherers and consider the adoption and spread of agriculture and metallurgy, as well as the impact of long-distance trade and inter-regional interaction. We will also consider complex polities, such as Dvaravati and Angkor. Special attention will be paid to the diversity of cultures in Southeast Asia and the social and environmental contexts of developments over time. The course will conclude with an examination of how the past is related to modern-day issues of nationalism and cultural heritage. Classes will involve lecture, as well as regular student participation and discussion of weekly readings.

Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 1

What I want you to get out of this course Textbooks and Readings • An understanding of the basic historical sequence in Southeast Asia from modern humans to the development of

state-level societies. • Familiarity with the major archaeological sites and cultures in Southeast Asia. • An understanding of the major debates in Southeast Asian archaeology and the archaeological evidence driving these debates. • An appreciation for the cultural diversity of Southeast Asia. • Practice critically reading academic journal articles and doing initial research on a subject by putting together an annotated bibliography.

Inclusion Statement Early Civilizations of The College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Southeast Asia by Oregon affirms and actively promotes the right of all Dougald J.W. O’Reilly individuals to equal opportunity in education at this (2007). Available in the institution without regard to race, color, sex, national origin, DuckStore and at various age, religion, marital status, disability, veteran status, sexual online retailers. orientation, gender identity, gender expression or any other

consideration not directly and substantively related to Additional readings will effective performance. If you feel that you have encountered be posted on the course discrimination or harassment, please inquire at the Office of Canvas page – Check the Affirmative Action & Equal Opportunity weekly modules. (http://aaeo.uoregon.edu, 541-345-3123) for information on Canvas.uoregon.edu your rights, options, and resources. Confidentiality for all

parties is respected to the extent possible.

Students needing special accommodations

Students needing special accommodations for the course should contact Dr. Carter as soon as possible so that we can discuss your options. I am committed to ensuring your full participation and educational opportunity.

Please notify me if there are aspects of the instruction or design of this course that result in disability-related barriers to your participation. You are also encouraged to contact the Accessible Education Center in 164 Oregon Hall or http://aec.uoregon.edu/

Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 2

Assignments and Evaluation Percentage of Due Date Total Grade In-class response essays 10% Throughout the • 8 essays will be given throughout the quarter quarter, but you may drop your two lowest scores. Assignment #1: Reading an academic journal 10% Oct. 16 article Midterm exam (including map, multiple- 30% Oct. 23 choice/fill-in-the-blank, and short answer/essay questions) Assignment #2: Annotated bibliography and 20% Nov. 22 synthesis Final exam (including multiple-choice/fill-in-the- 30% Dec. 6 blank, and short answer/essay questions) Total 100%

In-class response essays: Weekly throughout the quarter you will be given an “in-class response essay question” to respond to that is based on that week’s readings. These response essays will encourage you to keep up with the readings, reflect on what you think are important, and will allow you to share any questions you may have. These are also good practice for short-answer/essay questions on the mid-term and final exams. There will be 8 in-class essays throughout the quarter, but you may drop your two lowest scores.

Assignment #1: Reading an academic journal article: This assignment will give you practice critically reading an academic journal article. This is an important skill you can use to assist with readings in this course and your other courses. More information to be provided in class on October 2nd and will be posted on Canvas. This assignment is due on October 16th.

Assignment #2: An annotated bibliography: This assignment will ask you to assemble an annotated bibliography and write a short synthesis on a particular archaeological site/culture/or topic related to Southeast Asia. This provides practice in identifying and evaluating academic journal articles, distilling the main points of the argument, synthesizing multiple sources on a topic, and providing an analysis that moves beyond simply summarizing the articles and instead provides your interpretation on your chosen topic based on your research and experience in this class. More information to be provided in class on October 18th and will be posted on Canvas. This assignment is due on November 22nd.

Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 3 Grading Scale and Performance Expectations I do not anticipate a curve for this class. The grading scale to be used is as follows:

A+ = 97-100% B+ = 87-89.9% C+ = 77-79.9% D+ = 67-69.9% A = 93-96.9% B = 83-86.9% C = 73-76.9% D = 63-66.9% A- = 90-92.9% B- = 80-82.9% C- = 70-72.9% D- = 60-62.9% F = < 59.9% If the class is taken P/NP, a C- or higher is required to pass the course

Expected levels of performance: • A+ Quality of student's performance significantly exceeds all requirements and expectations required for an A grade. Very few, if any, students receive this grade in a given course. • A: Quality of performance is outstanding relative to that required to meet course requirements; demonstrates mastery of course content at the highest level. • B: Quality of performance is significantly above that required to meet course requirements; demonstrates mastery of course content at a high level. • C: Quality of performance meets the course requirements in every respect; demonstrates adequate understanding of course content. • D: Quality of performance is at the minimal level necessary to pass the course, but does not fully meet the course requirements; demonstrates a marginal understanding of course content. • F: Quality of performance in the course is unacceptable and does not meet the course requirements; demonstrates an inadequate understanding of course content.

Academic Integrity and Plagiarism

The University Student Conduct Code (available at conduct.uoregon.edu) defines academic

misconduct. Students are prohibited from committing or attempting to commit any act that constitutes academic misconduct. By way of example, students should not give or receive (or attempt to give or receive) unauthorized help on assignments or examinations without express permission from the instructor. Students should properly acknowledge and document all sources of information (e.g. quotations, paraphrases, ideas) and use only the sources and resources authorized by the instructor. If there is any question about whether an act constitutes academic misconduct, it is the students’ obligation to clarify the question with the instructor before committing or attempting to commit the act. Additional information about a common form of academic misconduct, plagiarism, is available at: researchguides.uoregon.edu/citing-plagiarism.

Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 4 What if I hand in an assignment late or miss an exam? Assignments #1 and #2 can be handed in one day late for a 10% penalty and by the last day of class (November 29th) for a 30% penalty. If you miss the midterm you must arrange to take a make-up exam within 24 hours of the original exam date. There are no opportunities to make-up a missed in-class response essay. No make-up exams will be offered for a missed Final Exam. This policy will only be waived for a documented and legitimate reason (i.e. religious holiday, medical emergency or family crisis).

What if I miss class? Will you share your If you miss class, you should PowerPoints? a) Make sure you have done the I do not post PowerPoints online or assigned readings give copies to students because I am b) Discuss missed course content mean and cruel, mwahahah! Actually, with your peers studies show that students learn less c) Check the course Canvas page to when relying on PowerPoints. I want to review reading questions and any ensure your success in class and will handouts or additional content therefore provide handouts and other from class. tools to assist with your learning. If you d) Visit Dr. Carter in her office hours find you want to review PowerPoint to discuss any additional slides from class, you are welcome to questions. do so during my office hours.

What’s up with office hours? I’m always happy to meet with students to discuss topics related to class/anthropology/archaeology/or anything! My office hours are on Wednesdays from 1-3pm and my office is on Room 255 of Condon Hall. You can make a reservation to see me during my office hours on Canvas by doing the following: • Log into Canvas and click on the calendar icon on the left-hand column. • Click the “Find Appointment” button on the right hand side of the calendar. • Select the slot when you would like to meet.

Last minute visits: If no students are signed up for office hours on Canvas, you are welcome to stop by without an appointment! I’ll always be in my office during the listed times.

If you cannot make my office hours, please email me to find an alternative time. I am usually available at other times on Mondays, Wednesdays, and occasionally Fridays.

Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 5 Can I use a laptop to take notes? What’s Be courteous. Cell the best way to study? phones should be silent/off and put away during class.

There are numerous studies showing that taking notes by hand is more effective than taking notes via laptop. It can also be distracting to your fellow students. I have posted links on the course Canvas page if you would like to learn more about different note-taking and study strategies. If you really, really, want to use a laptop to take notes in class I ask that you: Campus a) Come see me to discuss and b) Sign a pledge that you will keep your wifi off resources for and stay off distracting websites/games etc. for students the duration of class. The University of Oregon has great Resources on Southeast Asian Archaeology resources to help you • The Institute for Southeast Asian Archaeology: get a leg-up on your https://iseaarchaeology.org/ academic success. • The Journal for Indo-Pacific Archaeology (open- The Teaching and access): Learning Center is a https://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/JIPA/ great resource to help with study index strategies, improving • American Association of Southeast Asian your writing, as well Archaeologists (includes listserv run by Dr. Carter): as assistance with www.aaseaa.org math and science • Asian Perspectives Journal: Online access through courses. Check the the UO library and back issues until 2014 are Teaching and available at: Learning Center’s https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/101 website for a 25/14928 complete list of their • Archaeological Research in Asia journal: Online resources: tlc.uoregon.edu access available through the UO library.

Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 6 Fall 2017 Course Schedule and Readings **All readings should be completed before class on the date to which they are assigned. Readings and Syllabus are subject to change, but advanced notice will always be given.**

Week 1: 1. Monday, September 25th: Course introduction, syllabus, and map exercise Class goals: • Understanding archaeology and how it works • Familiarizing yourself with Southeast Asia

2. Wednesday, September 27 th: Background on the archaeology of Southeast Asia • Miksic, John Norman and Goh, Geok Yian. 2016. Ancient Southeast Asia. London: Routledge o Chapter 1 (read the entire chapter) o Chapter 2: Read to p. 45, skim 45-76. You may want to return to these specific region descriptions as we discuss different cultures throughout the quarter.

Week 2: 3. Monday, October 2nd: Modern humans and hunter-gatherers in Southeast Asia • Miksic, John Norman and Goh Geok Yian. 2016. Ancient Southeast Asia. London: Routledge o Chapter 3: Read pages 88 (start at the Pleistocene section) – 103 (stop at Toalian). • Moser, Johannes. 2012. "The Hoabinhian Definition in the Past and Today: A Short Historical Review of Defining the Hoabinhian." Pp. 3-12 in Crossing Borders: Selected Papers From the 13th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists, vol. 1, edited by Mai Lin Tjoa-Bonatz, Andreas Reineke and Dominik Bonatz. Singapore: NUS Press. • Bowdler, Sandra. 2008. "Hoabinhian and Non-Hoabinhian." Pp. 59-66 in From Homo Erectus to the Living Traditions. Choice of Papers From the 11th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists, edited by Jean-Pierre Pautreau, Anne-Sophie Coupey, Valery Zeitoun and Emma Rambault. Chiang Mai, : Siam Ratana

4. Wednesday, October 4th: When Farmers met Hunter-Gatherers • Higham, C., X. Guangmao, and L. Qiang. 2011. "The Prehistory of a Friction Zone: First Farmers and Hunters-Gatherers in Southeast Asia." Antiquity 85:529-543 • Barker, Graeme, and Monica Janowski. 2011. "Why Cultivate? Anthropological and Archaeological Approaches to Foraging-Farming Transitions in Southeast Asia." Pp. 1-16 in Why Cultivate? Anthropological and Archaeological Approaches to Foraging-Farming Transitions in Southeast Asia, edited by Graeme Barker and Monica Janowski. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research • Bellwood, Peter. 2006. "Asian Farming Diasporas? Agriculture, Languages, and Genes in China and Southeast Asia." Pp. 96-118 in Archaeology of Asia, edited by Miriam T Stark. Malden: Blackwell Publishing

Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 7 Week 3: 5. Monday, October 9th: The introduction of bronze technology – the great debate • White, J C, and E. G. Hamilton. 2009. "The Transmission of Early Bronze Technology to Thailand: New Perspectives." Journal of World Prehistory 22:357-397 • Higham, Charles, Thomas Higham, Roberto Ciarla, Katerina Douka, Amphan Kijngam, and Fiorella Rispoli. 2011. "The Origins of the Bronze Age of Southeast Asia." Journal of World Prehistory 24:227-274

6. Wednesday, October 11th: Life in Bronze Age Southeast Asia • Higham, Charles. 2011. "The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia: New Insight on Social Change From Ban Non Wat." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21:365-389 • In Class: The Princess of Khok Phanom Di and Bronze Age Super Burials

Week 4: 7. Monday, October 16th: Visit Ban Chiang collection at the Museum of Natural and Cultural History. • Class will meet University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History 1680 E. 15th Ave. **ASSIGNMENT #1: ACADEMIC JOURNAL ACTIVITY DUE TODAY**

8. Wednesday, October 18th: Thinking about diversity in Neolithic and Bronze Age Southeast Asia • White, Joyce C. 2011. "Emergence of Cultural Diversity in Mainland Southeast Asia: A View From Prehistory." Pp. 9-46 in Dynamics of Human Diversity: The Case of Mainland Southeast Asia, edited by N.J. Enfield. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics • O'Reilly, Dougald J.W. 2000. "From the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in Thailand: Applying the Heterarchical Approach." Asian Perspectives 39:1-19

Week 5: 9. Monday, October 23rd: MIDTERM EXAM

10. Wednesday, October 25th: The Pyu and Arakan of Myanmar • O’Reilly: Chapter 2 • Stargardt, Janice. 1998. "Urbanization Before Indianization at Beikthano, Central Burma, C. 1st Century BC - 3rd Century AD? " Pp. 126-138 in Southeast Asian Archaeology 1994. Proceedings of the Conference of the European Association of Archaeologists of Southeast Asia, edited by Pierre-Yves Manguin. Hull: Center for Southeast Asian Studies,

Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 8 Week 6: 11. Monday, October 30th: Peninsular Southeast Asia • O’Reilly: Chapter 3 • Bellina, Berenice et al. 2014. "The Development of Coastal Polities in the Upper Thai- Malay Peninsula." Pp. 69-89 in Before Siam: Essays in Art and Archaeology, edited by Nicholas Revire and Stephen Murphy. Bangkok: River Books • Hung, Hsiao-chun, Kim K. D. Nguyen, Peter Bellwood, and Mike M. T. Carson. 2013. "Coastal Connectivity: Long-Term Trading Networks Across the South China Sea." The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 8: 384-404

12. Wednesday, November 1st: Vietnam • O’Reilly: Chapter 6 • Reinecke, Andreas. 2009. "Early Cultures (first Millennium B.C. To Second Century A.D.)." Pp. 23-49 in Arts of Ancient Viet Nam: From River Plain to Open Sea, edited by Nancy Tingley. New Haven: Yale University Press

Week 7: 13. Monday, November 6th: Dvaravati • O’Reilly: Chapter 4 • Galloway, C. 2011. "Ways of Seeing a Pyu, Mon and Dvaravati Artistic Continuum." Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 30:70-78

14. Wednesday, November 8th: Case study: What can we learn from studying personal ornaments? • Bellina, Bérénice. 2014. "Maritime Silk Roads’ Ornament Industries: Socio-political Practices and Cultural Transfers in the South China Sea." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 24:345-377. • Dung, Nguyen Kim. 2017. "The Sa Huynh Culture in Ancient Regional Trade Networks: A Comparative Study of Ornaments." Terra Australis 45 309-332 • Carter, Alison Kyra. 2015. "Beads, Exchange Networks and Emerging Complexity: A Case Study From Cambodia and Thailand (500 BCE–CE 500)." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25:733-757

Week 8: Setting the stage for Angkor? NE Thailand and Cambodia 15. Monday, November 13th: Northern Cambodia and Northeast Thailand • Higham, Charles F.W. 2016. "At the Dawn of History: From Iron Age Aggrandisers to Zhenla Kings." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 47:418-437. • O’Reilly, Dougald J.W. 2014. "Increasing Complexity and the Political Economy Model; A Consideration of Iron Age Moated Sites in Thailand." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 35:297-309 • Domett, Kate, and Dougald O'Reilly. 2009. "Health in Pre-Angkorian Cambodia: A Bioarchaeological Analysis of the Skeletal Remains From Phum Snay." Asian Perspectives 48:56-79. •

Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 9 16. Wednesday, November 15th: • O’Reilly: Chapter 5 • Stark, Miriam. 2006. "From Funan to Angkor. Collapse and Regeneration in Ancient Cambodia." Pp. 144-167 in After Collapse: The Regeneration of Complex Societies, edited by Glenn M Schwartz and John J Nichols. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press • Lavy, Paul. 2003. "As in Heaven, So on Earth: The Politics of Visnu, Siva, and Harihara Images in Pre-Angkorian Khmer Civilisation." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34:21-39

Week 9 17. Monday, November 20th: Finding themes for developments in Southeast Asia in the 1st millennium CE • O’Reilly Chapters 7 and 8 • Stark, Miriam. 2006. "Early Mainland Southeast Asian Landscapes in the First Millennium A.D." Annual Review in Anthropology 35:407-432

18. Wednesday, November 22nd: Urbanism at Angkor – what makes a city a city? • Jacques, Claude, and Philippe Lafond. 2007. "Introduction: Country and People." Pp. 13- 39 in The Khmer Empire: Cities and Sanctuaries From the 5th to the 13th Century. Bangkok: River Books • Gaucher, Jacques. 2002. "The City of Angkor. What Is It?" Museum International 54:28- 36 • Fletcher, Roland. 2012. "Low-Density, Agrarian-Based Urbanism: Scale, Power and Ecology." Pp. 285-321 in The Comparative Archaeology of Complex Societies, edited by Michael E. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. **ASSIGNMENT #2: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY DUE TODAY**

Week 10: Cultural Heritage and Wrapping Up 19. Monday, November 27th: The Hydraulic City? • Van Liere, W J. 1980. "Traditional Water Management in the Lower Mekong Basin." World Archaeology 11:265-280. • Pottier, Christophe. 2000. "Some Evidence of An Inter-relationship Between Hydraulic Features and Rice Field Patterns at Angkor During Ancient Times." The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies 18: 99-119. • In class: selections from: Jungle Atlantis: Death of Angkor Wat’s Megacity (BBC)

20. Wednesday, November 29th: Angkor and Cultural Heritage in Cambodia • Silverman, Helaine. 2011. "Border Wars: The Ongoing Temple Dispute Between Thailand and Cambodia and UNESCO’s World Heritage List." International Journal of Heritage Studies 17:1-21 • Davis, Tess. 2011. "Supply and Demand: Exposing the Illicit Trade in Cambodian Antiquities Through a Study of Sotheby’s Auction House." Crime, Law and Social Change 56:155-174.

**Wednesday, December 6: Final Exam at 2:45pm**

Anthropology 310 SEA Archaeology – Fall 2017 10