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The Promise of the Arrival of Elijah in Malachi and the Gospels
Grace Theological Journal 3.2 (1982) 221-33. [Copyright © 1982 Grace Theological Seminary; cited with permission; digitally prepared for use at Gordon and Grace Colleges and elsewhere] THE PROMISE OF THE ARRIVAL OF ELIJAH IN MALACHI AND THE GOSPELS WALTER C. KAISER, JR. Was John the Baptist the fulfillment of Malachi’s prediction about Elijah the prophet who was to come before that great day of the Lord comes? The hermeneutical solution to this question is offered in a generic fulfillment. or what the older theologians called the novissma. Therefore, Elijah has come "in the spirit and power" witnessed in John the Baptist and will yet come in the future. Generic prophecy has three foci: (1) the revelatory word, (2) all intervening historical events which perpetuate that word, and (3) the generic wholeness (one sense or meaning) in which the final or ultimate fulfillment participates in all the earnests that occupied the interim between the original revelatory word and this climactic realization. * * * THE NT's interest in the prophet Elijah may be easily assessed from the fact that he is the most frequently mentioned OT figure in the NT after Moses (80 times), Abraham (73), and David (59); Elijah's name appears 29 or 30 times.1 Even more significant, however, are the six major and explicit references to Elijah in the Synoptic Gospels. There, some of Jesus' contemporaries identified our Lord--in the second of three opinions-- as Elijah (Mark 6:14-16; Luke 9:7-9). Jesus' disciples were also aware of this popular confusion, for they too repeated it (Matt 16:13-20; Mark 8:27-30; Luke 9:18-21). -
The Life of Jesus Post-Babylon Jews After Exile
Slide 1 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ The Life of Jesus ___________________________________ Week Four ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 2 ___________________________________ Post-Babylon ___________________________________ Starting around Important books 536 B.C., the of the period: ___________________________________ Jews began Ezra returning to their Nehemiah homeland Esther ___________________________________ Cyrus conquered Haggai Babylon and let Zechariah them go Malachi ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 3 ___________________________________ Jews after exile ___________________________________ Babylon Persians ___________________________________ Alexander the Great Seleucus and Ptolemy ___________________________________ Syrians Romans ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 4 ___________________________________ Messiah ___________________________________ Someone who was anointed by God who was going to come and ___________________________________ deliver them from bondage. Ex: “He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim ___________________________________ freedom for the captives and release from darkness for the ___________________________________ prisoners.” (Isaiah 61:1) ___________________________________ -
Book Introductions: Job – Malachi
Book Introductions: Job - Malachi Job offers a hard look at suffering from both the human and divine perspec7ve. In the first two chapters we catch a glimpse of the spiritual background as Satan and God discuss righteous Job (and then Satan is allowed to bring disasters into Job’s life). From chapter 3 on we see Job responding, without the perspec7ve of chapters 1-2. Much of the book is a cycle of debate between Job and three men, plus a fourth nearer the end. The “friends” are clear that suffering is a consequence for sin, so Job must be a terrible sinner. Job calls on God to disclose his righteousness. Where does wisdom come from in the harsh reali7es of life? It cannot come from human thought, it must come from God. Finally God speaks and Job is humbled by dozens of ques7ons from the Almighty One. God is God. Job is dumbfounded. Finally God restores Job’s fortunes again. There is no easy answer for undeserved suffering, but Job urges us to look heavenwards in every circumstance. Psalms is a collec7on of collec7ons of poetry, many wriSen by King David. Psalms 1 and 2 act as an introduc7on to the book. The first psalm contrasts the enduring blessing of the believer who meditates on God’s Word with the flee7ng and vain eXistence of the wicked. Yet the book clearly demonstrates that life usually doesn’t seem to work out as it should – the wicked seem to prosper, the righteous seem to suffer, things are not right. So the various psalmists ask ques7ons, complain, occasionally have an emo7onal outburst. -
Bible Chronology of the Old Testament the Following Chronological List Is Adapted from the Chronological Bible
Old Testament Overview The Christian Bible is divided into two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The word “testament” can also be translated as “covenant” or “relationship.” The Old Testament describes God’s covenant of law with the people of Israel. The New Testament describes God’s covenant of grace through Jesus Christ. When we accept Jesus as our Savior and Lord, we enter into a new relationship with God. Christians believe that ALL Scripture is “God-breathed.” God’s Word speaks to our lives, revealing God’s nature. The Lord desires to be in relationship with His people. By studying the Bible, we discover how to enter into right relationship with God. We also learn how Christians are called to live in God’s kingdom. The Old Testament is also called the Hebrew Bible. Jewish theologians use the Hebrew word “Tanakh.” The term describes the three divisions of the Old Testament: the Law (Torah), the Prophets (Nevi’im), and the Writings (Ketuvim). “Tanakh” is composed of the first letters of each section. The Law in Hebrew is “Torah” which literally means “teaching.” In the Greek language, it is known as the Pentateuch. It comprises the first five books of the Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This section contains the stories of Creation, the patriarchs and matriarchs, the exodus from Egypt, and the giving of God’s Law, including the Ten Commandments. The Prophets cover Israel’s history from the time the Jews entered the Promised Land of Israel until the Babylonian captivity of Judah. -
Running Head: TIMES of MALACHI 1 the Times of Malachi and the Malachi Song Lynaya Doomy a Senior Thesis Submitted in Partia
Running head: TIMES OF MALACHI 1 The Times of Malachi and The Malachi Song Lynaya Doomy A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2016 TIMES OF MALACHI 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ David K. Schmal, D.M.A. Thesis Chair ______________________________ David M. Hahn, D.M.A. Committee Member ______________________________ Lynnda S. Beavers, Ph. D. Committee Member ______________________________ James H. Nutter, D. A. Honors Director ______________________________ Date TIMES OF MALACHI 3 Abstract Malachi is an Old Testament book addressing Israel’s struggles with discontentment and complacent worship, issues that are strikingly similar to those in the church today. Israel had returned to their sacred land but had left their sacred ways behind. The heart for God had perhaps been left in captivity. Selfishness and disappointment reigned, as the nation felt oddly deflated by God’s lack of a “proper response” to their desires, while they simultaneously flaunted their disobedience to God’s laws. The main sins addressed by Malachi were: the corruption of worship and offerings, the rampant sin of divorce, marriage to foreign women, and the attitude of complacency toward these sins. Half-hearted offerings, self-serving choices, and an absolute denial of their sinful state calls to mind the heart of the modern church today. Malachi delivers a rally cry that rings throughout the ages and should batter the doors of our hearts and churches today, as much as it was intended to in the times of this God-sent messenger. -
Of Malachi Studies of the Old Testament's Ethical Dimensions
ABSTRACT The Moral World(s) of Malachi Studies of the Old Testament’s ethical dimensions have taken one of three approaches: descriptive, systematic, or formative. Descriptive approaches are concerned with the historical world, social context, and streams of tradition out of which OT texts developed and their diverse moral perspectives. Systematic approaches investigate principles and paradigms that encapsulate the unity of the OT and facilitate contemporary appropriation. Formative approaches embrace the diversity of the OT ethical witnesses and view texts as a means of shaping the moral imagination, fostering virtues, and forming character The major phase of this investigation pursues a descriptive analysis of the moral world of Malachi—an interesting case study because of its location near the end of the biblical history of Israel. A moral world analysis examines the moral materials within texts, symbols used to represent moral ideals, traditions that helped shape them, and the social world (political, economic, and physical) in which they are applied. This study contributes a development to this reading methodology through a categorical analysis of moral foundations, expectations, motives, and consequences. This moral world reading provides insight into questions such as what norms and traditions shaped the morals of Malachi’s community? What specific priorities, imperatives, and injunctions were deemed important? How did particular material, economic, and political interests shape moral decision-making? How did religious symbols bring together their view of the world and their social values? The moral world reading is facilitated by an exploration of Malachi’s social and symbolic worlds. Social science data and perspectives are brought together from an array of sources to present six important features of Malachi’s social world. -
Isaiah - Malachi (2Ot516)
1 ISAIAH - MALACHI (2OT516) Reformed Theological Seminary, Orlando Instructor: John J. Yeo, Ph.D. Date of Course: March 23-27 E-mail: [email protected] Monday – Friday, 8:00 am – 5:00 pm Spring Semester 2009 I. COURSE DESCRIPTION An expository study of the message and times of the prophets, emphasizing the themes of the Day of the LORD, judgment, restoration, promise and fulfillment, Messiah, kingdom, and the new people of God. A Reformed biblical-theological approach (i.e., redemptive- historical method) will be used in order to unfold the meaning of the (Latter) Prophetical corpus in relation to its covenant Old Testament context. Its relation and significance to the New Testament will also be discussed. II. COURSE OBJECTIVES Upon successful completion of this course: 1) The student will be familiar with a couple of key interpretive approaches: a) the grammatico-historical method and b) the biblical- theological/redemptive-historical method. 2) The student will be able to identify the message, historical context, and literary structure of each prophetic book. In addition, the student will be familiar with certain key passages found within the Prophetic corpus that will have been examined and exposited in class (e.g., Isaiah 53; Daniel 9; etc.). 3) The student will be familiar with the office and function of the Prophets (i.e., prophetism) and their significance in both Old and New Testaments. 4) The student will be acquainted with the main interpretive issues concerning the interpretation of prophecy (e.g., conservative vs. liberal views of authorship/dating; genre considerations (e.g., literal or figurative/symbolic); literary structure (e.g., the use of recapitulation); etc. -
Introduction to Malachi
Introduction to Malachi Where is it in the Bible? Malachi follows Zechariah and is the thirty-ninth and last book in the Christian Old Testament. It is the twelfth book of the Minor Prophets; the term “minor” refers to the length of the books, not to their importance. In the Hebrew Bible, the minor prophets follow Ezekiel at the end of the Prophets section and are grouped together in the Book of the Twelve in the same order as found in Christian Bibles. In the Hebrew Bible, chapters three and four of Malachi are combined. Who wrote it? Almost nothing is known about this prophet. Most scholars assume that the book is anonymous and that “Malachi” may not be a proper name. In Hebrew, malachi means “my messenger” and is translated that way in 3:1 and not as a proper name as in 1:1. When was it written? The superscription (1:1) does not say anything that would help to date the book. Most scholars think that it was written after construction of the second temple was completed in 515 B.C. It may date from the time of Ezra and Nehemiah in the mid-400s since it addresses many of the same issues. What is it about? Malachi is concerned with the spiritual condition of the people and the priests which has deteriorated in the years following the reconstruction of the temple. He urges a return to faithfulness and obedience to God. How is it structured? I. Superscription (1:1) II. Israel Preferred over Edom (1:2-5) III. -
Amos Through Malachi: Major Teachings of the Twelve Prophets
Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel Volume 4 Number 3 Article 8 9-2-2003 Amos through Malachi: Major Teachings of the Twelve Prophets Blair G. Van-Dyke D. Kelly Ogden Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/re BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Van-Dyke, Blair G. and Ogden, D. K. "Amos through Malachi: Major Teachings of the Twelve Prophets." Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel 4, no. 3 (2003). https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ re/vol4/iss3/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Twelve Prophets Amos through Malachi: Major Teachings of the Twelve Prophets Blair G. Van Dyke and D. Kelly Ogden Blair G. Van Dyke teaches in the Church Educational System and is an instructor of ancient scripture at BYU. D. Kelly Ogden is a professor of ancient scripture at BYU. The writings of Amos through Malachi are frequently skirted as blocks of scripture to be quickly dealt with toward semester’s end after the “important” writers of the Old Testament have received more careful and thoughtful treatment. Such a course is lamentable because these prophets consistently prophesied in days of great wickedness among God’s people—when they indulged in priestcraft, sorcery, and idolatry and when they mistook outward symbols of covenants for heartfelt, sincere worship. In this regard, the parallels between their days and ours are striking. -
Cookies on the Lower Shelf™ Part 2: 1 Samuel
Font Requiem ™ Font Heather Part II: I Samuel–Malachi by pam gillaspie Dedicated to . Mom and Dad. Scripture taken from the NEW AMERI- CAN STANDARD BIBLE®, You taught me to love the stories and the God of the stories with my whole heart and © Copyright 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by I am forever grateful! The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. (www.Lockman.org) Precept, Precept Ministries Interna- tional, Precept Ministries International the Inductive Bible Study People, the Plumb Bob design, Precept Upon Precept and Sweeter than Chocolate are trademarks of Precept Ministries International. Acknowledgements Thank you to my faithful friends who have studied with me over the years. We’ve learned that you can read or you can listen and that sometimes filling in all the blanks Cookies on the Lower Shelf keeps you from wrestling with the real questions. I’m grateful for your patience in Copyright © 2012 by Pam Gillaspie piloting this material and learning with me along the way. Published by Precept Ministries Interna- tional P.O. Box 182218 Chattanooga, Tennessee 37422 www.precept.org Rick, Pete, Cress, and Dave—thank you for sludging through the editing, proofing, and design process with me. We all know that a book is never, ever a one-person job ISBN 978-1-934884-84-3 and I’m grateful to be part of a gifted team. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage Brad and Katie—thank you for always putting up with me along the way! and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. -
Job 31 : the Sermon on the Mount in the Old Testament Robert Dale Brown
Luther Seminary Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary MA Theses Student Theses 2007 Job 31 : the Sermon on the Mount in the Old Testament Robert Dale Brown Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.luthersem.edu/ma_theses Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Brown, Robert Dale, "Job 31 : the Sermon on the Mount in the Old Testament" (2007). MA Theses. Paper 8. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary. It has been accepted for inclusion in MA Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary. JOB 31: THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT IN THE OLD TESTAMENT By ROBERT DALE BROWN A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Luther Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS THESIS ADVISER: KATHRYN SCHIFFERDECKER ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA 2007 This thesis may be duplicated. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................ ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS...............................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................... vii Chapters 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 Job 31.....................................................................................................................2 -
Malachi: January Bible Study Preview
Malachi: January Bible Study Preview Introduction to Prophets & Prophecy One must never lose sight of the intimate relationship between Israel’s prophets and the politics of the day. The prophets were “religious,” but they were anything but monks or ascetics. They were fully engaged in the power politics of Israel. They functioned as a type of checks-and-balances system. The prophetic books are grouped together in the Hebrew canon in a collection called Nebi’ im, the second part of the threefold Hebrew canon. Eight books comprise the prophetic canon: Former [Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings) and Latter (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and the Book of the Twelve). Malachi takes its place as the final book of the Old Testament in the Christian canon. In the Hebrew Bible, it is the last book of the prophetic collection, which is the second part of the canon and includes the four Major Prophets and the book of the Twelve. But even then, it is the final book of the prophets. In fact, then ending of Malachi serves as a perfect and proper conclusion of the book of the Twelve. It looks ahead to a day of judgment for the arrogant and every evildoer and to a day of hope and vindication for those who worship and revere the true God. Interpreting the prophets well involves several aspects. I. Place the prophets historically in context. Part of the challenge of interpreting the prophets is integrating the latter prophets within a historical framework of the former prophets, and remembering that the canonical order of the latter prophets does not strictly match their historical order.