DOCSLIB.ORG

Term Recolonization Patterns of Ants in Western Australian Rehabilitated

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Term Recolonization Patterns of Ants in Western Australian Rehabilitated Journal of Long!term recolonization patterns of ants in Western Applied Ecology 0887\ 24\ Australian rehabilitated bauxite mines with reference to 050Ð071 their use as indicators of restoration success J[ D[ MAJER and O[ G[ NICHOLS$ School of Environmental Biology\ Curtin University of Technology\ PO Box U0876\ Perth\WA 5734\ Australia^ and $Alcoa of Australia Ltd\ PO Box 141\ Applecross\ WA 5042\ Australia Summary 0[ The return of invertebrate animals to rehabilitated mine pits is desirable for the re! establishment of ecosystem functioning[ A long!term ant monitoring programme is reported over 03 years in a jarrah Eucalyptus marginata forest control plot and in three bauxite mine pits\ one of which had been left unvegetated\ one planted with marri trees E[ calophylla and the other seeded with mixed native plant species[ 1[ The results con_rm published _ndings for the _rst 1 years of the succession that seeding with mixed species results in a more rapid attainment of a forest!like ant fauna\ although in the last 5 years of the study the ant fauna of the planted plot had become more similar to that of the seeded plot[ 2[ Changes in the nature of the ant fauna are described and it is concluded that although composition has substantially converged on that of the forest by the end of the study\ di}erences still persist[ 3[ Research on vegetation\ spiders and ants in bauxite mined areas which have been rehabilitated using more recent technology suggest that these di}erences will lessen with time and with the introduction of improved rehabilitation prescriptions[ 4[ An additional aim of the study was to validate the chronosequence approach to studying ecosystem recovery following disturbances such as mining[ It is concluded that long!term studies provide important information that is missed by the chrono! sequence approach[ Ideally\ rapid!feedback chronosequence approaches should be augmented by long!term case studies[ Key!words] Ants\ Formicidae\ long!term monitoring\ succession[ Journal of Applied Ecology "0887# 24\ 050Ð071 ern Australia "WA#\ completion criteria are not for! Introduction mally nominated but appear in various conditions of A commonly accepted goal of the rehabilitation of project approval under three classes of controlling mined land is to restore the structure\ diversity\ func! acts\ namely] the Environmental Protection Act tion and dynamics of the disturbed ecosystem\ all of "EPA# 0875^ the Mining Act "0867# as amended^ and which are attributes in which invertebrates play a piv! various agreement acts which pertain to the project otal role "Wilson 0876^ Erwin 0880#[ In the past\ the being developed "Mills\ Chandler + Caporn 0881#[ technology required to meet these goals has been Few regulatory bodies have formulated criteria for derived from experience\ although research over the the later stages of bond release and\ to the authors| past three decades into rehabilitation technologies has knowledge\ none require the re!establishment of resulted in considerable advances in such procedures[ adequate invertebrate communities to be taken into The need to carry out high!quality rehabilitation has account[ The latter may partly result from the auth! become more acute in the industry with the phasing orities not fully recognizing the importance of invert! in of performance standards and completion criteria ebrates in ecosystem functioning[ Inclusion of invert! "Mills\ Chandler + Caporn 0881#[ In some mining ebrate assessments is hindered by the lack of long! industries bonds are payable which are not returned term studies on which to assess whether rehabilitation Þ 0887 British until adequate rehabilitation\ which meets prescribed has been successful or not[ This generally results from Ecological Society completion criteria\ has been demonstrated[ In West! the absence of a long!term commitment to funding 050 051 rehabilitation research\ and attempts to circumvent marginata forest of south!west WA[ Following the Ant recolonization the problem are often made by sampling a range of de_nition of ore bodies\ the timber is harvested and of bauxite mines rehabilitated areas representing di}erent ages[ This the remaining vegetation is cleared from the required method\ which Twigg\ Fox + Luo "0878# and Fox area[ The top 049 mm of topsoil is then removed and\ "0885# refer to as the chronosequence approach\ pro! where possible\ is replaced directly onto an area being vides rapid feedback but can produce ambiguous data[ rehabilitated "prior to 0865 all topsoil was stockpiled#[ It makes the possibly incorrect assumption that sites The remaining overburden "up to 0 m# is removed and only di}er in terms of age\ although there may also stockpiled[ The cap rock is then blasted or ripped have been changes in the rehabilitation technology and the ore is removed to an average depth of 3=4 m[ over the time!scale represented by these plots "Majer Overburden and topsoil are returned and the com! 0874#[ It is therefore preferable that permanent plots pacted pallid clay zone is ripped to a depth of ¼ 0=4 m be established in representative areas and monitored to enhance water in_ltration and root penetration\ over the long!term in order to validate the chrono! and to reduce erosion[ sequence approach\ and also to provide more reliable Methods for rehabilitation of bauxite mine pits are feedback on the success of di}erent rehabilitation pro! currently evolving[ The earlier attempts utilized hand! cedures[ planting of nursery!reared Eucalyptus spp[ that are In view of their important role in the developing resistant to dieback disease Phytophthora cinnamomi\ ecosystem\ it is essential to understand how invert! such as E[ microcorys\ E[ resinifera\ E[ saligna and ebrate communities are developing in rehabilitated E[ maculata from eastern Australia\ and included no areas[ In 0864 a study was initiated on the reco! understorey component[ The current procedure uses lonization of invertebrates in three bauxite mined only native jarrah forest tree and understorey species[ plots in the south!west of WA[ One plot was planted In the mid!0879s there was a shift to direct!seeding\ with a single Eucalyptus species\ one was seeded with rather than replanting[ The procedure now follows mixed native vegetation and the other was unveg! the sequence of pit reshaping\ overburden and topsoil etated[ Majer "0870# reported on the initial 1 years of return\ ripping and spreading of seed and fertilizer in recolonization and concluded that seeding of mixed the pit[ The results of these two broad rehabilitation over! and understorey allowed for the return of con! approaches are quite di}erent[ The planted mine pits siderably more ant species than by simply planting a initially have the appearance of a plantation\ whereas tree monoculture\ where ant richness was only slightly direct seeding produces a regrowth of high structural greater than in the plot where no revegetation had and species diversity[ been established[ Pitfall trap catches indicated that the seeded plot also had the most abundant ant popu! SAMPLE SITES lations\ the greatest number of other epigaeic invert! ebrates and an ant fauna which\ in terms of its species A single example of each rehabilitation approach was composition\ was most similar to that of the forest selected for study[ Replication of plots was decided control plot[ Once again\ the planted plot was inter! against so that greater attention could be paid to suc! mediate between the seeded and unvegetated plot in cessional and seasonal trends within the study areas^ terms of all of these parameters[ These _ndings were the earlier chronosequence study "Majer et al[ 0873# subsequently supported by the results of short!term provided information about the variability of trends chronosequence!type studies of ants and Collembola between rehabilitation treatments[ Most of the work in 29 bauxite mines and three forest controls "Majer was conducted in the Del Park mine\ near Dwellingup et al[ 0873^ Greenslade + Majer 0882#[ "21>32?S\ 005>93?E# and in the Jarrahdale No[ 1 mine The three rehabilitated plots and the forest control "21>19?S\ 005>96?E#[ have been intermittently resampled until 0878[ This A 1 ha area at Del Park planted with a single paper describes these results and provides data that indigenous tree species "marri\ Eucalyptus calophylla# complement the _ndings from the short!term chrono! in June 0865 was selected as an example of the planting sequence study performed in the same area in 0867:68 approach[ An 07 × 07!m area was marked out in the "Majer et al[ 0873#[ It also provides much needed centre and is referred to as the {planted plot|[ A information on how ant communities develop over a 099 × 099!m area\ 44 m north!east of the planted area longer time!frame in rehabilitated areas and enables was also selected[ With the exception of topsoil the results of the chronosequence approach to be vali! replacement and ripping\ no rehabilitation was carried dated[ out in this experimental area[ The 07 × 07!m centre of this area is referred to as the {unvegetated plot|[ It was not possible to select a seeded area at Del Park Methods so a 1!ha area was chosen at the Jarrahdale mine[ This Þ 0887 British area was seeded with 03 tree and shrub species\ planted Ecological Society\ REHABILITATION PROCEDURES Journal of Applied with an additional nine tree species[ The 07 × 07!m Ecology\ 24\ Bauxite is currently being mined by Alcoa of Australia centre is referred to as the {seeded plot|[ Although 050Ð071 Ltd at various sites in the northern jarrah
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Assessing the Presence and Distribution of 23 Hawaiian Yellow-Faced Bee Species on Lands Adjacent to Military Installations on O‘Ahu and Hawai‘I Island
    The Hawai`i-Pacific Islands Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit & Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA Dr. David C. Duffy, Unit Leader Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way, St. John #408 Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 Technical Report 185 Assessing the presence and distribution of 23 Hawaiian yellow-faced bee species on lands adjacent to military installations on O‘ahu and Hawai‘i Island September 2013 Karl N. Magnacca1 and Cynthia B. K. King 2 1 Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Department of Botany, 3190 Maile Way Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822 2 Hawaii Division of Forestry & Wildlife Native Invertebrate Program 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 325 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 PCSU is a cooperative program between the University of Hawai`i and U.S. National Park Service, Cooperative Ecological Studies Unit. Author Contact Information: Karl N. Magnacca. Phone: 808-554-5637 Email: [email protected] Hawaii Division of Forestry & Wildlife Native Invertebrate Program 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 325 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813. Recommended Citation: Magnacca, K.N. and C.B.K. King. 2013. Assessing the presence and distribution of 23 Hawaiian yellow- faced bee species on lands adjacent to military installations on O‘ahu and Hawai‘i Island. Technical Report No. 185. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. 39 pp. Key words: Hylaeus, Colletidae, Apoidea, Hymenoptera, bees, insect conservation Place key words: Oahu, Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, Puu Waawaa, Mauna Kea, Pohakuloa, North Kona Editor: David C. Duffy, PCSU Unit Leader (Email: [email protected]) Series Editor: Clifford W. Morden, PCSU Deputy Director (Email: [email protected]) About this technical report series: This technical report series began in 1973 with the formation of the Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.
    [Show full text]
  • Scale, Pattern and Process in Biological Invasions
    SCALE, PATTERN, AND PROCESS IN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS By CRAIG R. ALLEN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1997 Copyright 1997 by Craig R. Allen ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The work presented in this dissertation would not have been possible without the cooperation and encouragement of many. Foremost is the understanding of my immediate family, that is my wife Patty and now three-year-old son, Reece. Reece, while generally confused about what I was doing, nonetheless supported my effort to "write a book" in order to become a "doctor." Conflicts arose only when he needed my computer for dinosaur games. My co-advisors, W. M. Kitchens and C. S. Holling, encouraged my investigations and provided me with intellectual support and opportunity. For the same reasons, I extend my appreciation to my committee members, S. Humphrey, M. Moulton and D. Wojcik. Numerous friends and colleagues provided me with intellectual support and acted as a sounding board for ideas. Foremost are E. A. Forys, G. Peterson M. P. Moulton and J. Sendzemir as well as the entire "gang" of the Arthur Marshal Ecology Laboratory. I wish to thank all for their support and friendship. II! TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii ABSTRACT viii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTERS 1. TRADITIONAL HYPOTHESES: INVASIONS AND EXTINCTIONS IN THE EVERGLADES ECOREGION 5 Introduction 5 Body-mass difference hypothesis 6 Diet difference hypothesis 7 Species replacement hypothesis 7 Phylogenetic hypothesis 8 Methods 8 Results 11 Discussion 14 2. LUMPY PATTERNS OF BODY MASS PREDICT INVASIONS AND EXTINCTIONS IN TRANSFORMING LANDSCAPES 18 Introduction 18 Methods and analysis 21 Species lists 21 Analysis 22 Results 26 Discussion 31 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights Section Reports
    DACS-P-00124 Volume 54, Number 5, September - October 2015 DPI’s Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology (the botany section is included in this bureau) produces TRI- OLOGY six times a year, covering two months of activity in each issue. The report includes detection activities from nursery plant inspections, routine and emergency program surveys, and requests for identification of plants and pests from the public. Samples are also occasionally sent from other states or countries for identification or diagnosis. Highlights Following are a few of the notable entries from this Section Reports volume of TRI-OLOGY. These entries are reports of interesting plants or unusual pests, some of Botany 2 which may be problematic. See Section Reports for complete information. Entomology 6 Bactrocera dorsalis, Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, Oriental fruit fly. Based on female Nematology 10 Photograph courtesy of Gary J. Steck, the large number of flies detected in a concentrated DPI area of the Redland Agricultural District in late Plant Pathology 12 August, a quarantine area regulating the movement of oriental fruit fly host plants was established on 4 September 2015. All entities within the quarantine area of 98 square miles that are involved with the production, sale or distribution of oriental fruit fly host material have been placed under a compliance agreement outlining operational procedures and Pseudocercospora artanthes typical program requirements. irregular leaf spots caused by the fungal pathogen on Piper auritum (Vera Cruz Pseudocercospora artanthes (leaf spot) was found pepper). infecting Piper auritum (Vera Cruz pepper) at the Photograph courtesy of Robert M. Leahy, USDA Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens in Duval County.
    [Show full text]
  • Black House Ants (Ochetellus Glaber), Summary Inset Showing a Queen Ant Black House Ants Are Native to Australia and Are a Common House-Infesting Ant Species
    July 2018 Factsheet Black house ants (Ochetellus glaber) Ants to watch out for Red imported fire ants, yellow crazy ants, electric ants and carpenter ants, all pose a serious social, economic and environmental threat to Western Australia. If you suspect you have these ants or any ants you haven’t seen before, please contact us on freecall 1800 084 881. Black house ants (Ochetellus glaber), Summary inset showing a queen ant Black house ants are native to Australia and are a common house-infesting ant species. These ants do not bite or sting and are active day and night. Where are they found? In the home they are commonly attracted to sweet liquids and foods and are often drawn to the kitchen, laundry and bathroom. They naturally nest and forage in trees, feeding on insects, honeydew and nectar. Damage These ants rarely cause direct damage but are considered household pests as they are one of the few ant species that will nest inside. They can be found nesting in areas such as roof and wall spaces, rolled up awnings, pot plants, and in-between flat packed items. They may also Contact infest electrical items such as kettles, microwave ovens, computers or clock radios. Pest and Disease Information Service (PaDIS) Treatment Call: (08) 9368 3080 Control of these ants when numbers are low is advisable. When numbers are high and multiple nests have been Email: [email protected] established, control can be increasingly difficult. If nests are exposed they can be sprayed with fly spray, otherwise baits containing borates (borax) are effective for this sweet- feeding ant species.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Formicidae
    16 The Weta 30: 16-18 (2005) Changes to the classification of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Darren F. Ward School of Biological Sciences, Tamaki Campus, Auckland University, Private Bag 92019, Auckland ([email protected]) Introduction This short note aims to update the reader on changes to the subfamily classification of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Although the New Zealand ant fauna is very small, these changes affect the classification and phylogeny of both endemic and exotic ant species in New Zealand. Bolton (2003) has recently proposed a new subfamily classification for ants. Two new subfamilies have been created, a revised status for one, and new status for four. Worldwide, there are now 21 extant subfamilies of ants. The endemic fauna of New Zealand is now classified into six subfamilies (Table 1), as a result of three subfamilies, Amblyoponinae, Heteroponerinae and Proceratiinae, being split from the traditional subfamily Ponerinae. Bolton’s (2003) classification also affects several exotic species in New Zealand. Three species have been transferred from Ponerinae: Amblyopone australis to Amblyoponinae, and Rhytidoponera chalybaea and R. metallica to Ectatomminae. Currently there are 28 exotic species in New Zealand (Table 1). Eighteen species have most likely come from Australia, where they are native. Eight are global tramp species, commonly transported by human activities, and two species are of African origin. Nineteen of the currently established exotic species are recorded for the first time in New Zealand as occurring outside their native range. This may result in difficulty in obtaining species-specific biological knowledge and assessing their likelihood of becoming successful invaders. In addition to the work by Bolton (2003), Phil Ward and colleagues at UC Davis have started to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies and genera of all ants using molecular data (Ward et al, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Bauxite Mining Restoration with Natural Soils and Residue Sands: Comparison of the Recovery of Soil Ecosystem Function and Ground-Dwelling Invertebrate Diversity
    School of Molecular and Life Sciences Bauxite Mining Restoration with Natural Soils and Residue Sands: Comparison of the Recovery of Soil Ecosystem Function and Ground-dwelling Invertebrate Diversity Dilanka Madusani Mihindukulasooriya Weerasinghe This thesis is presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Curtin University May 2019 Author’s Declaration To the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where due acknowledgement has been made. This thesis contains no material that has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. Signature………………………………………………… Date………………………………………………………... iii Statement of authors’ contributions Experimental set up, data collection, data analysis and data interpretation for Chapter 2, 3,4 and 5 was done by D. Mihindukulasooriya. Experimental set up established by Lythe et al. (2017) used for experimental chapter 6. Data collection, data analysis and data interpretation for long term effect of woody debris addition was done by D. Mihindukulasooriya. iv Abstract Human destruction of the natural environment has been identified as a global problem that has triggered the loss of biodiversity. This degradation and loss has altered ecosystem processes and the resilience of ecosystems to environmental changes. Restoration of degraded habitats forms a significant component of conservation efforts. Open cut mining is one activity that can dramatically alter local communities, and successful vascular plant restoration does not necessarily result in restoration of other components of flora and fauna or result in a fully functioning ecosystem. Therefore, restoration studies should focus on improving ecological functions such as nutrient cycling and litter decomposition, seed dispersal and/ or pollination, and assess community composition beyond vegetation to attain fully functioning systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report
    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4
    [Show full text]
  • Black House Ant (Black Household Ant)
    Pest Profile Photo credit: April Nobie, California Academy of Sciences (Specimen CASENT 0003317; fromhttps://www.antweb.org) Common Name: Black house ant (black household ant) Scientific Name: Ochetellus glauber Order and Family: Order Hymenoptera; Family Formicidae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg Larva/Nymph Adult Workers are 2 - 3 mm Workers are brown to black in color with a one-part waist, 12-segmented antennae, and the abdomen has Queens are 5.2 - 5.5 a pore at its end (acidiopore). These ants do not have mm a stinger. Males are 1.6 mm Pupa (if applicable) Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Chewing Host(s): These black house ant is omnivorous feeding on insects, floral nectaries, and the honeydew of hemipteran plant pest. Description of Damage (larvae and adults): The black house ant is a nuisance pest that will nest in buildings, such as homes, where it forages on human foods, especially sweets. They often nest and forage in kitchens and bathrooms but also nest in walls, potted plants, rolled up awnings, and other small spaces. They may also be attracted to electrical wiring. Though the ants lack a stinger, they do bite. The black house ant is considered a threat to ecosystems and may disrupt the biological control of some agricultural pests. The black house ant is an introduced species from Australia and is found in Florida and Hawaii. References: Black house ant. (2018). Factsheet, Western Australia Agricultural Authority. Retrieved from https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/sites/gateway/files/Pest%20and%20Disease%20Information%20S ervice%20%28PaDIS%29%20-%20Ant%20factsheet%20- %20Black%20house%20ants%20%28A362015%29%20v2.pdf Ochetellus glauber.
    [Show full text]
  • Johnston Atoll Species List Ryan Rash
    Johnston Atoll Species List Ryan Rash Birds X: indicates species that was observed but not Anatidae photographed Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) (DOR) Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) X Kingdom Ardeidae Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) Phylum Charadriidae Class Pacific Golden-Plover (Pluvialis fulva) Order Fregatidae Family Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor) Genus species Laridae Black Noddy (Anous minutus) Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus) Grey-Backed Tern (Onychoprion lunatus) Sooty Tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) White (Fairy) Tern (Gygis alba) Phaethontidae Red-Tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) White-Tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon lepturus) Procellariidae Wedge-Tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus) Scolopacidae Bristle-Thighed Curlew (Numenius tahitiensis) Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) Sanderling (Calidris alba) Wandering Tattler (Heteroscelus incanus) Strigidae Hawaiian Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus sandwichensis) Sulidae Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster) Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra) Red-Footed Booby (Sula sula) Fish Acanthuridae Achilles Tang (Acanthurus achilles) Achilles Tang x Goldrim Surgeonfish Hybrid (Acanthurus achilles x A. nigricans) Black Surgeonfish (Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis) Blueline Surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigroris) Convict Tang (Acanthurus triostegus) Goldrim Surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigricans) Gold-Ring Surgeonfish (Ctenochaetus strigosus) Orangeband Surgeonfish (Acanthurus olivaceus) Orangespine Unicornfish (Naso lituratus) Ringtail Surgeonfish (Acanthurus blochii) Sailfin Tang (Zebrasoma veliferum) Yellow Tang (Zebrasoma flavescens)
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Ants Reduce Nesting Success of an Endangered Hawaiian Yellow-Faced Bee, Hylaeus Anthracinus
    NeoBiota 64: 137–154 (2021) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/neobiota.64.58670 RESEARCH ARTICLE NeoBiota https://neobiota.pensoft.net Advancing research on alien species and biological invasions Invasive ants reduce nesting success of an endangered Hawaiian yellow-faced bee, Hylaeus anthracinus Sheldon Plentovich1, Jason R. Graham2, William P. Haines3, Cynthia B.A. King3 1 Pacific Islands Coastal Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Rm 3-122, Honolulu, HI 96750, USA 2 Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA 3 Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, 1151 Punchbowl St. Rm. 325, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Corresponding author: Sheldon Plentovich ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Sun | Received 23 September 2020 | Accepted 21 December 2020 | Published 28 January 2021 Citation: Plentovich S, Graham JR, Haines WP, King CBA (2021) Invasive ants reduce nesting success of an endangered Hawaiian yellow-faced bee, Hylaeus anthracinus. NeoBiota 64: 137–154. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.64.58670 Abstract Hawaii has a single group of native bees belonging to the genus Hylaeus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) and known collectively as Hawaiian yellow-faced bees. The majority of the 63 species have experienced sig- nificant declines in range and population. In 2016, seven species received federal protection under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Competitors and predators, such as invasive bees, wasps and ants, are thought to be important drivers of range reductions and population declines, especially at lower elevations where more non-native species occur. We evaluated the effects of invasive ants on nesting Hylaeus anthra- cinus using artificial nest blocks that allowed us to track nest construction and development.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Chemistry of Australia's Native Fauna and Flora
    Studies on the chemistry of Australia's native flora and fauna My first involvement in natural products chemistry was during my Honours year in chemistry at UNSW in 1964 where, like so many other chemists before me, I set to work on my bag of sawdust obtained from some Australian tree to find out what organic compounds could be extracted from it. The species involved was Sophora tomentosa and under the supervision of Associate Professor Ron Eade I obtained some isoflavone and pterocarpin derivatives. That experience whetted my interest in the chemicals contained living systems and sparked an interest in why they were there. Sophora tomentosa is a member of the Leguminosae and it is only within this family that isoflavones had been found. The work described in this thesis has been carried out at the School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales over a period of, approximately, 25 years. During this time at the University I have been responsible for providing the routine mass specti'ometry service within the School of Chemistry, though the work described herein is not part of that work. GC/MS was initiated within the School in 1969. In 1970, as a postdoctoral fellow, I used the technique for the first time in the my work on insect chemistry. After a period of 5 years at Monash University I returned to UNSW in 1976 to run the routine mass spectrometry service. My involvement with insect chemistry continued and several years later I commenced work on essential oils chemistry. Like a lot of other people who spend their lives in doing chemical research, I got into essential oils research more or less by accident, though in my case this accident was once removed.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal/ Marine Zones of Haleakalä
    HöÿikeHöÿike oo HaleakaläHaleakalä Haleakalä revealed: an opening to view our past and embrace our future Reveal yourself, summit to sea A Multidisciplinary, Science-Based Environmental Education Curriculum for High Schools ••••• Produced by Hawaiÿi Natural History Association Nä Kumu o Haleakalä Haleakalä National Park The Nature Conservancy Major funding provided by the Strong Foundation Additional support provided by the Alexander & Baldwin Foundation, Atherton Family Foundation, Fred Baldwin Memorial Foundation, and Cooke Foundation, Limited Höÿike o Haleakalä A Multidisciplinary, Science-Based Environmental Education Curriculum for High Schools Produced by Hawaiÿi Natural History Association Nä Kumu o Haleakalä Haleakalä National Park The Nature Conservancy Major funding provided by the Strong Foundation Additional support provided by the Alexander & Baldwin Foundation, Atherton Family Foundation, Fred Baldwin Memorial Foundation, and Cooke Foundation, Limited © Copyright 2001 by Hawaiÿi Natural History Association Post Office Box 74 Hawaiÿi National Park, Hawaiÿi 96718 All rights reserved Cover art and border: Sophie Cayless Design and layout: Michele Archie and Howard Terry, The Harbinger Institute Höÿike o Haleakalä Development Team Elizabeth Anderson Project Coordinator, Haleakalä National Park Michele Archie Writer, The Harbinger Institute Sandy Buczynski Advisor, Seabury Hall Ann Coopersmith Advisor, Maui Community College Jackie Davis Advisor, Baldwin High School Ann Fielding Writer, researcher Carol Gentz Project Coordinator, The Nature Conservancy Keith Ideoka Advisor, Lahainaluna High School Lyle Kajihara Advisor, King Kekaulike High School Lloyd Loope Scientific Advisor, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Haleakalä National Park Kim Martz Researcher and advisor, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Haleakalä National Park Dan Schulte Advisor, St. Anthony High School Forest Starr Researcher and advisor, U.S.
    [Show full text]