Article ID: WMC001897 ISSN 2046-1690

A Study of Polypetalous Diversity of District, , .

Author(s):Mr. Raj P Singh, Mr. Nirlipt Rai, Dr. Vinod K Tiwari Corresponding Author: Dr. Vinod K Tiwari, Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Head of the Department, Hindu College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244001 - India Submitting Author: Mr. Raj P Singh, Research Scholar, Hindu College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, 244001 - India

Article ID: WMC001897 Article Type: Research articles Submitted on:25-Apr-2011, 05:41:23 AM GMT Published on: 26-Apr-2011, 07:34:21 PM GMT Article URL: http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1897 Subject Categories:ECOLOGY Keywords:Angiosperms, Dicotyledonous , Polypetalous Plants, , Biodiversity, Conservation How to cite the article:Singh R P, Rai N , Tiwari V K. A Study of Polypetalous Plant Diversity of Moradabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India. . WebmedCentral ECOLOGY 2011;2(4):WMC001897 Source(s) of Funding: Council of Scientific & Industrial Research –University Grants Commission (CSIR – UGC), Government of India, New , India (F. No. 10-2(5)/2006(ii)-E.U II).

Competing Interests: No

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A Study of Polypetalous Plant Diversity of Moradabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abstract District’ was published by N. K. Paliwal and V. P. Singh in 1982 (Paliwal, N. K. et al., 1982), which provided useful insight into the plants of the district. Since then no such taxonomic studies are being This paper aimed to document the diversity of conducted in the district. Only some of work is now polypetalous plant species along with their vernacular started and a few papers are being published. These names, habit, habitat, and their occurrence found in papers mainly deal with some aspects of the plants Moradabad district of Uttar Pradesh in India. This such as their medicinal use or invasiveness (Beena study is first of its kind conducted in the district Kumari et al., 2009, Beena Kumari& Singh, N., 2009). showing current status of these plants. Polypetalous So, practically Moradabad remains to be explored plants contribute substantially to the diversity of the from the taxonomic point of view considering changes district and their proper knowledge could play that took place in last few decades owing to heavy important role in planning for conservation and agriculture, urbanisation, industrialisation and other sustainable use of available resources. A total of 235 such factors. Here is an attempt to cover polypetalous polypetalous plant species belonging to 154 genera plants from this point of view so as to provide and 46 families are included in the study. information about the plants according to their current Introduction status. “Taxonomy is the science of the description and classification of organism, essential in theoretical and India is one of the 12 centres of mega-diversity in the applied biology” (Guerra – Gracia et. al., 2008).Plants world and consists of 17,000 species. It represent one of the important element of biodiversity, accounts for 8% of the global biodiversity with only thus the knowledge of plant species found in the 2.4% of the total land area in the world (Reddy, C. S., different areas of the world is a pre-requisite to 2008; Hajra P. K. et al., 1997). In India, Uttar Pradesh conserve the ecological biodiversity. It helps us to is the most populous and largest state in which lies the understand the overall structure and function of an Moradabad.Present study deals with the listing of ecosystem (Sumeet et. al., 2010). For this reason polypetalous plants belonging to dicots found in accurate and precise information of the known plant Moradabad district. Polypetalous plants belong to species from a given area is essential. The information dicotyledonous plants of angiosperm. Dicotyledonous is important as it allows us to prevent or avoid the plants are characterised by the presence of two potential chances of biodiversity loss and to plan cotyledons in their seeds and net veined leaves. In the future policy for the protection of our environment. For same way polypetalous plants, which represent instance, invasive alien species which are second sub-class in dicots, are identified with the presence of greatest threat to biodiversity (Wilcove et. al., 1998); distinct sepals and petals in their flowersalong with can be better managed only if proper and accurate free petals. This system of classification for information is available for them. According to P. K. K. angiosperm plants, used in this study, was given by Nair “taxonomy is an integral component of Bentham and Hooker in Genera Plantarum biodiversity protection, remediation and (1862-1883). Sir, J. D. Hooker (1817-1911) published eco-development”. (Nair, P. K. K., 2004). The present ‘The flora of British India’ in seven volumes during study aimed to provide insight into plants of 1872- 97. With its publication various floras of regional Moradabad from taxonomic point of view, which in turn level came into being. Most notable among them was will provide important source for use in various other Duthies’ ‘Flora of the Upper Gangetic plain and of the fields of biology in general and botany in particular. adjacent Siwalik and Sub-Himalayan tracts’ in the context of present study, as it referred to the plants of Methods Moradabad to some extent. Thereafter a paper titled ‘A contribution to the Angiospermic flora of Moradabad

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Study Area – The present study is concerned with the in our study. In all- total of 88 herbs, 27 shrubs, 50 Moradabad district of Uttar Pradesh in India. trees, 23 climbers,9 small trees, 17 shrubs or small Moradabad is situated between 28° -21' to 28° -16' N trees, 11 twining herbs and 10 herbs or shrubs have latitude and 78° -4' to 79° E longitude. The district is been included. The most speciose families in our situated at the bank of river , a tributary of study include- (79), (24), river Ganga, which flows in its north east and Gangan Cucurbitaceae (15), Brassicaceae (12), Rutaceae river flows in south west of the city. It covers the total (10), etc. Among these families Fabaceae actually area of 3493 sq. km. The climate of district is tropical include three sub families viz. papilionaceae (45), monsoonal type with annual average rainfall of 967mm. Caesalpinieae (21), Mimosae (13) with maximum The average maximum and minimum temperatures number of species. Some of most common plants are 42.2° and 4°, respectively ( species which occurred as weeds at various places http://www.uponline.in/profile/districts/Moradabad.asp include – Argemone mexicana (papaveraceae), ). There are three distinct seasons viz.- winter Cassia pumila (fabaceae), Cassia occidentalis (October – February), summer (March – June), and (fabaceae), Cassia tora (fabaceae), Coccinia cordifolia rainy (June – September).City is well connected with (cucurbitaceae), Desmodium triflorum (fabaceae), other main cities of the country such as Delhi, Fumaria indica (fumariaceae), Jussiaea repens , , and Patna by rail and road (onagraceae), Nasturtium officinale (brassicaceae), transport which facilitates industrial and commercial Oxalis corniculata (oxalidaceae), Oxalis latifolia development in the area. (oxalidaceae), Rorippa indica (brassicaceae), Extensive field surveys were conducted in the district spinosa (malvaceae), Sida rhombifolia (malvaceae), from Jan 2007 to Dec 2010 during different seasons Sida acuta (malvaceae), Sida cordifolia (malvaceae), through regular field visits in order to get maximum Stellaria media (caryophyllaceae), Trianthema representation of the polypetalous plant species. portulacastrum (aizoaceae), Trigonella corniculata During our field visits plant samples were collected (fabaceae), Triumfetta rhomboidea (tiliaceae), and from agricultural lands, natural habitats, wastelands, Urena lobata (malavaceae) etc,. Among rarest plant fallow lands, road sides, parks, lawns, orchards, species are Abelmoschus moschatus (malvaceae), railway tracks, marshy places, rivers, ponds, lakes, Ammannia baccifera (lythraceae), Abrus precatorius river banks and other relevant localities to cover (fabaceae), Cayratia carnosa (vitaceae), Dolichos almost all the district in a systematic manner. biflorus (fabaceae), Jussiaea perennis (onagraceae), Identification was done mostly with live specimens in Mucuna prurita (fabaceae), Oligomeris linifolia the field itself but when it was not found possible then (resedaceae), Oxalis martiana (oxalidaceae), Urena plant samples were identified in the lab. After repanda (malvaceae), etc, of which only a few identification herbarium sheets were prepared. specimens were found. Infact only four plants of Herbarium sheets were deposited with the Hindu Abelmoschus moschatus were found to be cultivated College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. Identification was in the interiors of only two villages named Lakri and done with the help of various floras such as Hooker Manhor Pur. Whereas only a few plants of Ammannia (1883 – 1887), Duthies’ (1903 – 1929), Maheshwari’s baccifera were found to be growing near the river (1966), Kumar’s (2001) and Mishra and Verma’s Dhela, which is an ephemeral river, a tributary of river (1992). Identification of plant specimens was followed Ramganga. by, the arrangement of plants according to Bentham Conclusion(s) and Hooker’s system of classification. Additional information of plants about their habit, habitat and occurrence was also recorded on site and Taxonomic knowledge is crucial to meet the incorporated in the study. challenges of biodiversity conservation in the 21st Result(s) century (Bhaskaran et. al., 2010). It is of fundamental importance for understanding biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as it provides us with the data Illustration 2 - shows polypetalous plant families along to explore and describe biodiversity through scientific with the plant species found within them. There analysis. The study provides the basic information vernacular names, habit, habitat and occurrence in the about the polypetalous plant species, one of the basic area as cultivated, ornamental or wild plant species units of biodiversity, which are currently found in the have also been shown. A total of 235 plant species district. Such a list could play an important role for the belonging to 154 genera and 46 families are reported local and regional authorities interested in future to

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conserve and sustainably use the phyto-diversity for 15.Mishra, B. K. & B. K. Verma, (1992), The flora of the sustainable development of the area. District, U.P. India, BSMPS, Dehradun. 16.Bhaskaran, A. & P. S. Rajan, (2010), Advancing Acknowledgement(s) the science of taxonomy in India, Current Science, Vol. 99(2): 157-158.

The first author thanks Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) for financial support through the joint CSIR – UGC Senior Research Fellowship (F. No. 10-2(5)/2006(ii)-E.U II). References

1.Hajra, P. K., V. Mudgal, (1997), Plant diversity hotspots in India – An Overview, BSI India. 2.Reddy, C. S., (2008), Catalogue of invasive alien flora of India, Life science Journal, Vol. 5(2): 84 – 89. 3.Bentham, G. & J. D. Hooker, (1862-1883), Genera Plantarium, etc., London, 3 Vols. 4.Hooker, J. D. (1872-1897), The flora of British India, London, 7 Vols. 5.Duthie, J. F. (1893), Flora of the upper Gangetic Plain and of the Adjacent Siwalik and Sub-Himalayan Tracts, Calcutta, 3 vols. 6.Paliwal, N. K., V. P. Singh (1982), A Contribution to the Angiospermic Flora of Moradabad District, J. Economic & Taxonomic Botany, Vol. 3: 651-861. 7.Beena Kumari (2009), Alien invasive plant species of the Moradabad (U.P.) India, Plant Archives, 9(2): 723-724. 8.Beena Kumari& Singh, N. (2009), Screening of invasive flora used medicinally by rural people in Moradabad district, the J. of Rural & Agri Research, 9(1): 55-56. 9.Guerra – Gracia, J. M., F. Espinosa & J. C. Gracia – Gomez, (2008), Trends in Taxonomy today: an overview about the main topics in Taxonomy, Zoologica baetica, Vol. 19: 15 – 49. 10.Sumeet, G., C. M. Sharma, C. S. Rana, S. K. Ghildiyal, & S. Suyal, (2010), Phytodiversity (Angiosperms and ) in Mandal – Chopta Forest of Garhwal Himalaya, , India, Nature and Science,Vol. 8(1): 1 – 17. 11.Wilcove, D. S., D. Rothstein, J. Dubow, A. Phillips, & E. Losos, (1998), Quantifying Threats to imperilled Species in the United States, Bioscience, Vol. 48(8): 607-615. 12.Nair, P. K. K., (2004), Plant taxonomy, Current Science, Vol. 86(5): 665-667. 13.Maheshwari, J. K., (1963), The flora of Delhi, CSIR, New Delhi. 14.Kumar, S., (2001), Flora of , BSMPS, Dehradun.

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Illustrations Illustration 1

Maps showing the study area (Maps not to scale)

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Illustration 2 Vernacular S.No.Family,Family Species, / Species Vernacular Names, Habits,Names Habitat Habitand occurrenceHabitat of polypetalousOccurrence plants found in Moradabad. 1. Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sceleratus L. - H A,MP W Ranunculus equalities L. Var. trichophyllus (Chaix) A. Gray - H A, MP W 2. Magnoliaceae Michelia champaca L. Champa T G P,O Magnolia grandiflora L. - T G P,O 3. Annonaceae Annona squamosa L. Sharipha S, ST G P,C Polyalthia longilolia (Sonn.) Hook. F. & Thomson Ashok T G P,O 4. Menispermaceae Cissampelos pareira L. Jalzamini CL G,P W Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W. Theob. Chiretta CL MP,WP W Tinaspora cardifolia Miers Gulel CL G C,O Tiliacora racemosa Colebr. - CL G C,O 5. Nymphaeaceace Nymphaea stellata Willd. Chota kamal H A C Nymphaea nouchali Burm. Kamal kakri H A C Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Kamal H A C 6. Papaveraceae Satyanasi ka Argemone mexicana L. phool H WP, RS, FL W 7. Fumariaceae WebmedCentralFumaria >indica Research (Hausskn.) articles Pugsley Page 6 of 20 - H WP, AF, RS W WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence 8. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassica rapa L. Shalgam H AF C Brassica campestris L. var. Sarson Sarson H AF C Brassica juncea L. - H AF C Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch Kali Sarson H AF C Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. - H WP, G, AF, RS W Cochlearia Cochleariodes (Roth) Santapau & Makeshwari - H WP, MP, G W Eruca sativa (L.) Mill. Taramir H AF, RS, RB W,C Lepidium sativum L. - H AF, MP W Nasturtium officinale R. Br. - H WP, RS, MP, AF W Raphanus sativus L. Muli H AF C Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern - H WP, RS, MP W Sisymbrium iria L. - H WP, AF, MP W 9. Capparidaceae Cleome viscosa L. - H WP, FL, MP, RS W Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. - H WP, FL, MP, RS W 10. Resedaceae Oligomeris linifolia J.F. Macbr. - H AF, WP, RS, FL W 11. Polygalaceae Polygala chinensis L. - H AF, RS W WebmedCentralPolygala >erioptera Research articles DC. - H G, L, RB W Page 7 of 20 WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence 12. Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpyllifollia L. - H RS, GL, AF, MP W Polycarpaea (L.) Lam. - H AF, WP, FL W Stellaria media (L.) Vill. - H RS, G, L, WP, FL W Spergula arvensis L. - H AF, G W 13. Portulaceae Portulaca oleracea L. - H RS,WP, AF W,O Portulaca grandiflora Hook. - H RS,WP, AF W Portulaca quadrifida L. - H RS,WP, AF W 14. Tamaricaceae Tamarix troupii Hole Jhaad S WP, FL W Tamarix dioica Roxb. - S WP, FL W 15. Malavaceae Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet - S WP,FL,AF,RS W Abelmoschus esculentus Moench Bhendi H AF C Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. - S AF,G P Hibiscus sabdariffa L. - S,ST G P,O Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. - S G P,O Hibiscus cannabinus L. Patsan S G P,O Hibiscus hirtus L. - S G P,O Hibiscus tiliaceus L. - S G P,O WebmedCentralGossypium > Researchherbaceum articles L. Kapas, Rui S AF C Page 8 of 20 Gossypium arborecum L. Kapas, Rui S AF C Gossypium hirsutum L. Kapas, Rui S AF C Malva sylvestris L. - H WP, FL, RS W WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence Malva parviflora L. - H WP, FL, RS W Malvaviscus conzattii Greenm. - S G P,O Malvastrum coromendelianum (L.) Garcke - H WP, RS, FL W Sida acuta Brum. F. - H WP, FL, AF, RS W Sida cordifolia L. - H WP, FL, AF, RS W Sida grewioides Guill. & Perr. - H WP, FL, AF, RS W Sida rhombifolia L. - H WP, FL, AF, RS W Sida spinosa L. - H WP, FL, AF, RS W Sida veronicifolia Lam. - H WP, FL, AF, RS W Thespesia populnea (L.) Correa - T G P,O Urena lobata L. H,US FL, WP, RS W Urena repanda Roxb. ex Sm. - H FL, WP, RS W 16. Bombacaceae Chorisia speciosa A. St. Hil. - T G,RS P,O Salmalia malabarica Schott. & Endl. Semal T G,RS P,O 17. Sterculiaceae Abroma angusta L. - S, ST G P,O Dombeya acutangula Cav. - S G P,O

WebmedCentralDombeya > cayeuxiiResearch articles Andre (Hort.) - S G P,O Page 9 of 20 Dombeya mastersii Hook.F. - S G P,O Dombeya natalensis Sond. - S, ST G P,O Helicteres isora L. - S G P,O Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. Kanakchampa T G,RS P,O WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence 18. Tilaceae Grewia asiatica L. Phalsa T G, AF P,O Corchorus olitorius L. - S WP,MP,FL, AF W Corchorus trilocularis L. Kag roti H,US MP,WP,FL W Corchorus tridens L. - H WP,MP,AF W Corchorus capsularis L. - H,US AF,MP C,W Triumfettta rhomboidea Jacq. Kansi H WP,FL,AF,RS W 19. Linaceace Linum usitatissimum L. Alsi H AF,G C,O 20. Malpighiaceae Hiptage benghalensis L. - CL G P,O Galphima gracilis Bartl. - S G P,O 21. Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. Gokhru H MP,WP,AF,RS W Peganum harmala L. Harmal H MP,G,FL W 22. Oxalidaceae Averrhoa carambola L. Kamrakh T G P,O Oxalis carniculata L. - H WP,MP,FL,RS,AF W Oxalis latifolia Kunth. - H WP,MP,FL,RS,AF W Oxalis martiana Zucc. - H WP,MP,FL,RS,AF W WebmedCentral > Research articles Page 10 of 20 WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence 23. Balsaminaceae Impatiens balsamina L. - H G P,O 24. Rutaceae Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. Chakotra ST G C Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck - ST G C Citrus medica L. - ST G C Citrus aurantium L. - S,ST G C Citrus aurantifolia Christm. Nimbu ST G C Clausena lansium Skeels Aampich ST G C Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb. Bel ST G,RS P Feronia limnonia L. Kaith T G,RS P Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Mitha - neem ST G P Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Kamini ST G P,O 25. Simaroubaceae Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Oorru T G,RS P,O 26. Meliaceae Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Neem T RS, AF P,W Melia azedarach L. Bakain T RS, AF P WebmedCentral > Research articles Page 11 of 20 Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Chikrasi T G P Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. Mahagoni T G P Toona ciliata M. Roem. Toon T G P 27. Celastraceae Maytenus senegalensis Lam. - S WP,G - WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence 28. Rhamnaceae Zizyphus nummularia Brum F. Ber S WP,FL W Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Ber ST G C 29. Vitaceae Cayratia carnosa Gagnep. - CL WP,G W Vitis vinifera L. Angur CL G C 30. Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica L. Aam T FO,G P Spondias pinnata Kurz. - T G P Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi - S G P,O 31. Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam. - T G,RS P 32. Papilionaceae (Fabaceae) Alhagi pseudalhazi (M. Bieb.) Desv. - H,US RC,WP,FL W Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. - H WP,G,FL W Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. - S WP,FL W

WebmedCentralAlysicarpus > Researchbupleurifolius articles (L.) A. Page 12 of 20 DC. - H MP W Abrus precatorius L. Ratti CL WP,G W Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Dhak T G,RS P Crotalaria juncea L. San hemp S AF,FL C WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence Cajanus cajan (L.) Druce Arhar S AF C Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Gawar H AF,G C Cicer arietinum L. Chana H AF C Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. - H AF,G,L,WP W Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. - S WP,FL W Dolichos lablab L. Sem TH AF C Dolichos biflorus L. - TH AF,WP C,W Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Shisam T RS,G P enneaphylla L. Neel H WP,FP W Indigofera cordifolia B. Heyne ex. Roth - H WP,FL W Indogofera linifolia (L.F.) Retz. Neel H WP,G,L W Indigofera tinctoria L. Neel H,US WP,FL W Indigofera trita L.F. - H,US WP,G,FL W Indigofera astragalina DC. - H,US WP,FL W Lathyrus sativus L. Khesari H AF C,W Lathyrus aphaca L. - H AF,FL,WP,MP W Lens culinaris Medik. Masur H AF C WebmedCentralMedicago > Researchdenticulata articles Willd. - H AF,WP,RB W Page 13 of 20 Medicago sativa L. - H AF C Melilotus alba Desr. - H AF,WP,RB,MP W Melilotus indica All. FL. - H AF,WP,RB,MP W Millettia ovalifolia Kurz - T G,L P,O WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence Mucuna prurita Hook. Kaunch CL W,G C,W Psoralea corylifolia L. - H WP,FL W Pisum sativum L. Mattar TH AF C Phaseolus mungoL. Urd TH AF C Phaseolus vulgaris L. Faras been TH AF C Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Mung TH AF C Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Karanj T RS,G,L P,O Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. - H WP,FL W Tephrosia pumila Pers. - H MP,RB W Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. - H,US RC,WP W Trifolium alexandrinum L. Berseem H AF,MP C,W Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. - H AF,WP,RS W Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Methi H AF C Vicia faba L. Bakla H AF C Vicia sativa L. - H AF,WP,FL W Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk. Lobia CL AF C 33. Caesalpiniaceae (Fabaceae) Bauhinia vahii Wt. & Arn. - T RS,G,L P,O WebmedCentral > Research articles Page 14 of 20 Bauhinia variegata L. Kachnar T RS,G,L P,O Bauhinia purpurea L. - T RS,G,L P,O Bauhinia tomentosa L. - S,ST RS,G,L P,O Bauhinia blakeana Dunn Kachnar T RS,G,L P,O Bauhinia racemosa Lam. - T RS,G,L P,O Caesalpinia crista L. - CL WP,G,L W,P,O WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence Cassia fistula L. Amaltas T G,L,RS P,O Cassia obtusifolia L. - H,US RS,WP,FL W Cassia occidentalis L. - US WP,RS,FL W Cassia pumila Lam. - H WP,FL W Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex. Roxb. - T G,L,RS P,O Cassia surattensis Brum. F. - T G,L,RS P,O Cassia siamea Lam. - T G,L,RS P,O Cassia tora L. - H,US WP,FL,RS W Delonix regia (Bojer) Raf. Gulmohar T G,L,RS P,O Hardwickia binata Roxb. - T L,G P,O Parkinsonia aculeata L. Vilayti kikar ST,S RS P Poinciana pulcherrima L. - S G,L P,O Saraca indica L. Ashok T G,L P,O Tamarindus indica L. Imli T G,L P,O 34. Mimosaceae (Fabaceae) Acacia auriculiformis Benth. - T G,L P,O Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Vilaiti babul S,ST G,L,AF P WebmedCentral > Research articles Page 15 of 20 Acacia arabica Willd. Kikar, Babul T RS,G P Acacia leucophloea Willd. - T RS P Albizzia lebbeck L. Siras T RS P Albizzia procera Roxb. Siras T G,RS P WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence Albizzia amara Boivin - T G,RS P Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. - S,ST G P,O Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit - T G,RS P Mimosa pudica L. Chui-mui H G O Pithecellobium dulce Roxb. Jangal Zalebi T RS, G,L P Prosopis glandulosa Torr. - S,ST RS, FL P Prosopis juliflora DC. Kabuli Kikar T RS,FL P

35. Rosaceae Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Lukat T G,L,FO P Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Aru S,ST G,L,FO C Prunus domestica L. Alucha S,ST G,L,FO C Rosa damascena Mill. Gulab H G,L C,O Rosa indica L. Gulab H G,L C,O Rosa multiflora Thunb. Gulab H G,L C,O 36. WebmedCentralCombretaceace > Research articles Page 16 of 20 Quisqualis indica L. - CL G O Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. Arjun T G,L P WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence 37. Myrtaceae Callistemon lanceolatus Sweet - S,ST G P,O Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Shafeda T AF,RS,G P Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. - T AF,RS,G P Melaleuca laucadendron L. - T G P Psidium guajava L. Amrood S,ST G,L C,P Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jamun T G,L C,P 38. Lythraceae Ammannia baccifera L. - H A,MP W Lawsonia inermis L. Mehndi S,ST G,L P,O Lagerstroemia indica L. - S G,L P,O Lagerstroemia speciosa (L) Pers. - T G,L P,O 39. Punicaceae Punica granatum L. Anar S,ST G,L C 40. Onagraceae Jussiaea repens L. Jal Ghas TH A,MP,R,P W Jussiaea perennis (L.) Brenan - H A,MP,R,P W

41. WebmedCentralTrapaceae > Research articles Page 17 of 20 Trapa bispinosa Roxb. Singhara H A,P C 42. Caricaceae Carica papaya L. Papita S,ST G,L,FO C WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence 43. Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita moschata Duchesne Sitaphal CL AF,G C Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Kaddu CL AF,G C Cucurbita peop L. Kaddu CL AF,G C Coccinia cordifolia (L.) Cogn. Kundru CL WP,FL,AF,G W Citrullus vulgaris Schrad Var. fistulosus Tinda CL AF,G C Citrullus vulgaris schrod. Tarbooz TH AF C Luffa cylindrica M. roem Ghia CL AF C Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb Tori CL AF C Lagenaria vulgaris Ser. Lauki TH AF,G C Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Ankh phod Cogn. ki bel CL AF,WP,RS W Momordica dioica Roxb. Ex, willd. Jangli karela TH WP,FL,AF W Momordica charantia L. Karela TH AF,G C Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. Parwal CL AF,G C Trichosanthes cucumerina L. - CL RS,WP,AF W Trichosanthes anguina L. Chichinda CL AF C WebmedCentral > Research articles Page 18 of 20 WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

Vernacular S.No. Family / Species Names Habit Habitat Occurrence 44. Cactaceae Opuntia dillenii Haw. Nagphani H G,L P,O 45. Aizoaceae (Ficoidaceae) Trianthema portulacastrum L. - H WP,RS,FL,MP,AF, W Trianthema crystallina Vahl - H MP,WP,RS W 46. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Brahmi H RB,MP W Anethum graveolens L. Soya H AF C Foeniculum vulgare Hill Saunff H AF C Coriandrum sativum L. Dhania H AF C Daucus carota L. Gajar H AF C

Habit: H - Herbs; T - Trees; S - Shrubs; CL - Climber; ST - Small Tree; US - Undershrub; TH - Twining

Herb.

Habitat : A - Aquatic; G - Garden; L - Lawn; R - River; P - Ponds; MP - Moist Places; WP - Waste

Places; FL - Fallow Land; AF - Agricultural Field; RS - Road Sides; FO - Fruit Orchard; RC - Rock

Cervices:WebmedCentral RB - River > Research Banks. articles Page 19 of 20

Occurrence: C - Cultivated; W - Wild; O - Ornamental; P - Planted. WMC001897 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 19-Aug-2011, 07:32:59 AM

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