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Selected Papers in the Hydrologic Sciences 1986 December 1986 United States Evaluation of size-distribution effects and laboratory precision in the analysis of bottom materials Geological Evaluation of the slope-area method for computing peak discharge Survey Correlations between basin development parameters and water-quality characteristics Water-Supply of the Cape Fear River at Lock I near Kelly, North Carolina Paper 2310 *-* Synthesis of hydraulic properties of rocks with reference to the Basin and Range province, southwestern United States Selected soda springs of Colorado and their origin Errors in estimating ground-water components of hydrologic and phosphorus budgets of lakes Methodology for the determination of iodide in saline waters using an ion chromato* graph with an electrochemical detector Cascade-sieve shaker for rapid particle-size analysis of coarse sediment The stability of rhodamine WT dye in trial studies of solute transport in an acidic and metal-rich stream Susceptibility to mudf lows in the vicinity of Lassen Peak, California Application of generalized least squares in regional hydrologic regression analysis Application of stable isotopes to the origin and migration of oil-field waters in Pleisto­ cene reservoir rocks, offshore Texas A technique for analysis of ground-water systems at regional and subregional scales applied on Long Island, New York Selected Papers in the Hydrologic Sciences 1986 Edited by Seymour Subitzky December 1986 Evaluation of size-distribution effects and laboratory precision in the analysis of bottom materials By D.R. Helsel and G.F. Koltun Evaluation of the slope-area method for computing peak discharge By R.D. Jarrett Correlations between basin development parameters and water-quality characteristics of the Cape Fear River at Lock I near Kelly, North Carolina By J.K. Crawford and D.A. Harned Synthesis of hydraulic properties of rocks with reference to the Basin and Range province, south­ western United States By M.S. Bedinger, W.H. Langer, and J.E. Reed Selected soda springs of Colorado and their origin By W.C. Evans, T.S. Presser, and Ivan Barnes Errors in estimating ground-water components of hydrologic and phosphorus budgets of lakes By R.G. Brown Methodology for the determination of iodide in saline waters using an ion chromatograph with an electrochemical detector By H.N. Elsheimer, L.M. Law, and Y.K. Kharaka Cascade-sieve shaker for rapid particle-size analysis of coarse sediment By D.W. Hubbell and H.H. Stevens, Jr. The stability of rhodamine WT dye in trial studies of solute transport in an acidic and metal-rich stream By K.E. Bencala, D.M. McKnight, G.W. Zellweger, and Julie Goad Susceptibility to mudflows in the vicinity of Lassen Peak, California By D.C. Marron and J.A. Laudon Application of generalized least squares in regional hydrologic regression analysis By G.D. Tasker, J.H. Eychaner, and J.R. Stedinger Application of stable isotopes to the origin and migration of oil-field waters in Pleistocene reser­ voir rocks, offshore Texas By W.W. Carothers, J.D. Cocker, L.M. Law, and Y.K. Kharaka A technique for analysis of ground-water systems at regional and subregional scales applied on Long Island, New York By H.T. Buxton and T.E. Reilly U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 2310 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL MODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1987 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1986. (U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper ; 2310 ) "December 1986." Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.3/2:986-2 1. Hydrology. 2. Hydrology United States. I. Subitzky, Seymour, 1923- . II. Series. GB662.4.S453 1987 551.48 86-600171 PREFACE This is the fourth issue of the Water-Supply Paper series Selected Papers in the Hydrologic Sciences comprising 13 topical papers that address a broad range of topics including model simulations of ground- and surface-water systems, hydrogeo- chemistry, limnology, and selected physical and chemical techniques for hydrologic studies. It is aimed at meeting widespread public and professional needs for results of broad-based integrated hydrologic studies derived from the Federal research program, Federal-State cooperative program, and, to some extent, work done on behalf of other Federal agencies. As a Survey-managed journal-type publication, Selected Papers is intended to serve as a forum that encourages dialogue between readers and authors. Participa­ tion in such dialogue among hydroscientists within and outside the Federal sector would be beneficial. Discussion papers by all members of the hydroscience com­ munity is desired. A discussion section for readers' comments and authors' replies will be included in each issue. Such discussion papers for this issue will be open until October 1987. Address comments to Editor, Selected Papers in the Hydro- logic Sciences, U.S. Geological Survey, 444 National Center, Reston, VA 22092. Seymour Subitzky Preface iii SI and Inch-Pound Unit Equivalents International System of Units (SI), a modernized metric system of measurement. All values have been rounded to four significant digits. Use of hec - tare (ha) as an alternative name for square hectometer (hm2) is restricted to measurement of land or water areas. Use of liter (L) as a special name for cubic decimeter (drir) is restricted to the measurement of liquids and gases. Multiply SI units By To obtain inch-pound units Multiply SI units By To obtain inch-pound units Length Volume per unit time (includes flow) Continued micrometer (/urn) 0.000 039 37 inch (in) meter" per second (m" /s ) 35.31 loot3 per second (ft3 /s) millimeter (mm) 0.039 37 inch (in) 15 850 gallon per minute centimeter (cm) 0.393 7 inch (in) meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) (gal/mm) 1.094 \ard (yd) kilometer (kin) 0.621 4 mile (mi) Mass Area microgram (/Mg) 0.00001543 grain (gr) ) > gram (g) 0.035 27 ounce, avoirdupois (07 avdp) centimeter (cm ) 0.1550 inch" (m") kilogram 0.002 205 pound, avoirdupois (Ib avdp) meter (m 2 ) 10.76 loot 2 (ft 2 ) 1.196 yard'" (yd") Mass per unit volume 0.000 247 1 acre hectometer (hm ) 2.471 acre microgram per liter 0.000 058 4 1 grain per gallon (gr/gal) kilometer2 (km 2 ) 0.386 1 mile" (mi") (/ug/l-) milligram per liter 0.05841 grain per gallon (gr/gal) Volume (mg/l.) centimeter (cm- ) 0.061 02 inch3 (in3 ) Transmissivity milliliter (mL) 0.061 02 inch 3 (in3 ) liter (L) 61.02 inch3 (in~) meter" per day (m /d) 10.76 loot2 perdav (It 2/d) 0.035 .3 1 foot 3 (ft3 ) 33.82 ounce, fluid (o?) Force per unit area 2.113 pint (pt) 1.057 quart (qt) kilopascal (kPa) 0.14503 pound-force per inch" (Ibf/ in ) 0.2642 gallon (gal) kilogram per meter 0.204 8 pound-force per foot2 (lbf/ft2 ) meter3 (m ) 35.31 foot 3 (ft3 ) (kg/m 2 ) 1.308 yard 3 (yd 3 ) kilogram per meter 0.624 6 pound-force per foot3 (lbf/ft 3 ) 264.2 gallon (gal) (kg/m 3 ) 0.0008107 acre-foot (acre-ft) kilometer1 (km ) 0.239 9 mile3 (mi 3 ) Temperature Volume per unit time (includes flow) degree Celsius (°C) Temp °F = 1.8 temp °C + 32 degree Fahrenheit (°F) gram per minute (g/min) 0.035 27 ounce (avoirdupois) per Specific conductance minute (o7/min) milliliter per minute 0.033 82 ounce (fluid) per microsiemens per centimeter 1.000 micromho per centimeter (mL/min) minute (o7/min) at 25 degrees Celsius. at 25 degrees Celsius 0.035 31 foot" per second (ft" /s) (AiS/cmat 25°C) (//mho/cm at 25°C) liter per second (L/s) 15.85 gallon per minute millisiemens per meter 1.000 millimho per meter (gal/min) at 25 degrees Celsius at 25 degrees Celsius meter per second (m/s) 3.281 foot per second (ft/s) (mS/mat25°C) (mmho/m at 25°C) meter per day (m/d) 3.281 foot per day (ft/d) meter per day (m"/d) 10.76 foot 2 per day (ft 2/d) Any use of trade names and trademarks in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. iv Selected Papers in the Hydrologic Sciences CONTENTS Preface iii SI and inch-pound unit equivalents iv Evaluation of size-distribution effects and laboratory precision in the analysis of bottom materials By D.R. Helsel and G.F. Koltun 1 Evaluation of the slope-area method for computing peak discharge By R.D. Jarrett 13 Correlations between basin development parameters and water-quality characteris­ tics of the Cape Fear River at Lock 1 near Kelly, North Carolina By J.K. Crawford and D.A. Harned 25 Synthesis of hydraulic properties of rocks with reference to the Basin and Range province, southwestern United States By M.S. Bedinger, W.H. Langer, and J.E. Reed 35 Selected soda springs of Colorado and their origin By W.C. Evans, T.S. Presser, and Ivan Barnes 45 Errors in estimating ground-water components of hydrologic and phosphorus budgets of lakes By R.G. Brown 53 Methodology for the determination of iodide in saline waters using an ion chromatograph with an electrochemical detector By H.N. Elsheimer, L.M. Law, and Y.K. Kharaka 65 Cascade-sieve shaker for rapid particle-size analysis of coarse sediment By D.W. Hubbell and H.H. Stevens, Jr. 73 The stability of rhodamine WT dye in trial studies of solute transport in an acidic and metal-rich stream By K.E.
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