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Michael Winterbottom Michael Winterbottom Lesbiske seriemordere, litterære klassikere, krigen i Bosnien og guldfeberen i Californien: Michael Winterbottoms produktion har været af en bemærkelsesværdigt sammensat karakter. Det kan ved første øjekast være svært at se sammenhængen mellem hårdtslående politiske debatfilm, stort opsatte kostumedramaer og moderne hverdagsrealisme, men fælles for hans film er en slående friskhed og fornemmelse af levet liv, som han har tilført historier, der umiddelbart kunne synes at følge kendte og veletablerede skabeloner Ikke bare genremæssigt og tematisk, men forbilleder har Winterbottom i interviews også stilistisk, i fotografering og rytme, er fremhævet markante instruktørpersonlig­ Michael W interbottom s (f. 1961) film heder, især den nye tyske films folk som indbyrdes så forskellige, at flere skribenter Wenders og Fassbinder. Andre vigtige har spurgt sig, om m an retteligt kan inspirationskilder var engelske realister betragte ham som en auteur. Han skriver som Karel Reisz, Ken Loach og Lindsay heller ikke selv sine manuskripter. På den Anderson - filmskabere, der skildrede det anden side har han flere gange arbejdet Nordengland, som Winterbottom stam­ sammen m ed de sam m e forfattere, og ikke mer fra (han er født i industribyen mindst har han sit eget produktionssel­ Blackburn i Lancashire). I 1986 blev den skab, Revolution Films, som han grund­ da 25-årige Winterbottom (efter littera­ lagde i 1993 sammen med produceren turstudier i Oxford, filmuddannelse i Andrew Eaton. Bortset fra spillefilmdebu­ Bristol og London, og arbejde som klippe­ ten Butterfly Kiss (1995) og Welcome to assistent ved Thames Television) assistent Sarajevo (1997) har Revolution Films stået for Anderson i arbejdet med hans doku­ for produktionen af alle Winterbottoms mentarserie British Cinema: Personal film. Et vigtigt formål med selskabet har, View. I 1988 lavede W interbottom selv siger Winterbottom, været at kunne hele to dokumentarfilm om Ingmar udvikle projekter uden at behøve at finde Bergman, og i et interview i P ositifi 1996) penge udefra til at finansiere skriveproces­ har han fortalt, at det især var Bergmans sen. Det understreger, at til trods for fil­ arbejdsmetode, “hans måde at kontrollere menes forskelligartede præg, er alting på”, der fascinerede ham. Han har Winterbottom en filmskaber, der søger at også instrueret episoden “Arf s Promised sikre sig en høj grad af personlig kontrol Land” om svensk stumfilm til Cinema med sine projekter - og det blev fra star­ Europe: The Other Hollywood (1995), ten annonceret, at Revolution Films ville Kevin Brownlow og David Gilis tv-serie lave film, der “skabte røre.” om den europæiske stumfilm. Det er således i høj grad fra den euro­ Et nordvendt syn. Som sine erklærede pæiske kunstfilm, at Winterbottom har 301 Michael Winterbottom W onderland hentet sine forbilleder, og han har også og dræber tilfældige mennesker, og den sagt, at han ikke har nogen særlig hengi­ enfoldige Miriam, som fatter sympati for venhed overfor Hollywood. Imidlertid er Eunice og knytter sig intenst til hende. hans film ikke sværttilgængelige; han und­ Filmen følger, hvordan deres forhold går ganske konsekvent selvspejlende og udvikler sig og bliver tættere og tættere - distancerende effekter. Han søger at rive de kalder hinanden Eu og Mi (you - me) tilskuerne med, at engagere dem umiddel­ og overtager efterhånden flere af hinan­ bart i personernes skæbne og handlingens dens træk. Filmen er en slags road-movie, dramatik. men de triste og karakterløse landskaber Winterbottom gjorde for alvor opmærk­ giver et indtryk af, at m an ingen vegne som på sig selv med flere roste tv-produk- kommer. tioner, bl.a. den første episode af serien Mens han forberedte sin næste spille­ Cracker (1993) og især den fire-delte serie film, optog Winterbottom Go Now (1996), Family (1994) efter et originalmanuskript en tv-film for BBC, som uden for England af forfatteren Roddy Doyle - en karsk skil­ blev vist på filmfestivaler og fik biograf­ dring af en moderne irsk fattigfamilie. premiere bl.a. i USA. Robert Carlyle spil­ Winterbottoms første spillefilm var den ler Nick, en murerarbejdsmand og serie­ foruroligende og ubehagelige Butterfly Kiss fodboldspiller i Bristol, der bliver ram t af (1995). Det er en Thelma and Louise-agtig dissemineret sklerose. D et er en solid og historie om den rasende impulsive og velspillet film, der usentimalt skildrer syg­ mentalt helt forstyrrede Eunice, der flak­ dommens destruktive indvirkning på 302 ker rundt langs de nordengelske landeveje Nicks liv. Michael Winterbottom Skæbner i cinemascope. Winterbottoms tv-journalister, og i mange scener veksles hidtil vægtigste værk er den visuelt frap­ der mellem knivskarpe, solbelyste cinema- perende Jude (1996), efter Thomas Hardys scope-billeder og grynede, farvesvage roman Jude the Obscure fra 1895. Det er videooptagelser. Nogle af de sidstnævnte en betagende flot film, der virkelig udnyt­ er iscenesatte, men Winterbottom lader ter de kompositoriske muligheder, som også autentiske tv-billeder (inklusive de scope-formatet giver. M an skal dog ikke kendte, gruopvækkende optagelser af de tro, at den virker som endnu et nummer i udtærede muselmænd fra koncentrations­ rækken af opulente og smagfulde britiske lejren i Omarska) indgå i de reportager, kostumefilm. Den statelige og glansfulde som filmens journalister laver. W inter­ herskabsverden, som de normalt udspiller bottom optog filmen i den sønderskudte sig i, er hovedpersonen Jude lukket ude by, hvad der yderligere styrker autentici­ fra. Hans begær efter lærdom, efter at rive tetsfølelsen. sig løs af sin sociale baggrund, er dømt til Det samme gør den relativt løst opbyg­ at skuffes. N år lude sent i filmen over­ gede handling. Den vigtigste historie værer et storslået optog af universitetsfolk handler om en engelsk korrespondent, der i deres fornemme kåber, tjener det ikke beslutter sig til at redde en forældreløs bare til at skabe historisk kolorit eller bosnisk pige og ender med at adoptere imponere tilskueren med et kostbart isce­ hende; men denne noget sentimentale nesat skue; Jude havde så inderligt håbet (omend autentiske) historie omgives af en at få adgang til lærdommens hellige haller, række rystende vignetter og indignerede men må nu fra sidelinjen betragte sine understregninger af Vestens ligegyldighed, bristede forhåbninger. så den lykkelige udgang på hovedhistorien Jude har et meget mobilt kamera i for­ ikke får lov til at skygge for den tragedie, hold til f.eks. James Ivory-filmene. ifølge som overgik Sarajevo og dens befolkning, Winterbottom benyttede filmens fotograf mens omverdenen vaskede sine hænder. Eduardo Serra sig i høj grad af enkelt- punktbelysning, snarere end en samlet lys­ Fra London til Sierra Nevada. Ligesom i sætning af hele scenen (Positif 1996), hvil­ Butterfly Kiss er det den dystre engelske ket har gjort det lettere at arbejde med provins, der danner baggrund i I Want bevægeligt kamera. Filmens handlings­ You (1998), i dette tilfælde en trøstesløs struktur er (ligesom romanens) relativt kystby. I stedet for debutfilmens kuldslåe- episodisk. Det er Jude (spillet af Chri­ de realisme fortæller Winterbottom her stopher Eccleston), hans sammensatte sin historie i ekspressive billeder, som personlighed, og hans delvis selvforskyld­ Kieslowski-fotografen Slavomir Idziak {En te, men forfærdende grufulde skæbne, lille film om kunsten at dræbe, Blå) har som holder fortællingen sammen. stået for. De fleste scener er holdt i svovl­ Welcome to Sarajevo (1997) er knap så gule eller jernblå farver, og i denne uhyg­ vellykket en film som Jude, men Winter­ gelige akvarieverden udspilles et grumt bottoms intense engagement er ikke til at sexdrama, hvor et galleri af afstumpede tage fejl af. Filmen foregår i det belejrede personer drives rundt af deres mere eller Sarajevo i 1992-93, hvor snigskytter og mindre usunde kønslige behov. Som artilleri beskød byen. Hovedpersonerne er skummel lilleby-nøzr er I Want You ganske udenlandske krigskorrespondenter, især vellykket, men den savner ganske den 303 Michael Winterbottom overbevisende realisme i persontegningen finurligheder, brug af split-screen f.eks., og sædeskildringen, som udmærker og munter og energisk sex. Filmen foregår Winterbottoms næste film. Wonderland i Belfast, og der er noget ganske forfri­ (1999) er en film med en hel række hand­ skende ved at se en film fra Nordirland, lingstråde: gennem tre døgn følger man der handler om ganske almindelige men­ tre søstre og forskellige andre mennesker, nesker med almindelige problemer. som står i en eller anden forbindelse med Herefter er Winterbottom vendt tilbage til dem. Det raffinerede fletværk af historier Thomas Hardy med The Claim (2000), en danner samtidig et billede af dagens filmatisering af romanen The M ayor of London. Som storby-kalejdoskop kan den Casterbridge (1886), omplantet til Califor­ vække mindelser om Robert Altmans niens snedækkede bjerge. Filmen er en Short Cuts, men persongalleriet er langtfra betagende billedoplevelse, og selv om man så excentrisk, og selv om flere af hand­ ikke gribes af de forfrosne personers lingstrådene kunne være ført frem til skæbne på samme måde som i Jude, er der meget dramatiske og voldsomme afslut­ alligevel især mod slutningen tragisk for­ ninger, vælger Winterbottom at lade tin­ mat over The Claims dystre historie om gene klinge stilfærdigt og hverdagsagtigt bjergbyen Kingdom Come, som går til ud. grunde da den transkontinentale jernbane Inden sit seneste, stort opsatte og ambi­ i 1867 bliver ført uden om den. Både som tiøse
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