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Crop Protection Compendium 31/7/2017 Datasheet report for Setosphaeria turcica (maize leaf blight) Crop Protection Compendium Datasheet report for Setosphaeria turcica (maize leaf blight) Pictures Picture Title Caption Copyright Ascospores and ascomata J.M. Waller/CABI BioScience Ascospores R.A. Shoemaker Identity Preferred Scientific Name Setosphaeria turcica (Luttr.) K. J. Leonard & Suggs [teleomorph] (Luttr.) K. J. Leonard & Suggs Preferred Common Name maize leaf blight Other Scientific Names Bipolaris turcica (Pass.) Shoemaker [anamorph] (Pass.) Shoemaker Drechslera turcica (Pass.) Subram. & B. L. Jain [anamorph] (Pass.) Subram. & B. L. Jain Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) K. J. Leonard & Suggs [anamorph] (Pass.) K. J. Leonard & Suggs Helminthosporium inconspicuum Cooke & Ellis [anamorph] Cooke & Ellis Helminthosporium turcicum Pass. [anamorph] Pass. Keissleriella turcica (Luttr.) Arx [teleomorph] (Luttr.) Arx Luttriella turcica (Pass.) Khokhr. [anamorph] (Pass.) Khokhr. Trichometasphaeria turcica Luttr. [teleomorph] Luttr. International Common Names English: leaf blight: maize; leaf blight: Sorghum spp.; northern corn leaf blight; northern: maize leaf blight Spanish: niebla del maíz; tizon de las hojas: maiz French: brûlure des feuilles du maïs; brûlure du mais; brûlure helminthosporienne du mais; helminthosporiose du mais; suie du mais Local Common Names Germany: Blattduerre: Mais; Streifenkrankheit: Mais EPPO code SETOTU (Setosphaeria turcica) http://www.cabi.org/cpc/datasheetreport?dsid=49783 1/21 31/7/2017 Datasheet report for Setosphaeria turcica (maize leaf blight) Taxonomic Tree Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Fungi Phylum: Ascomycota Subphylum: Pezizomycotina Class: Dothideomycetes Subclass: Pleosporomycetidae Order: Pleosporales Family: Pleosporaceae Genus: Setosphaeria Species: Setosphaeria turcica Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature The identity of the fungus is clear and uncomplicated. It was described first as Helminthosporium turcicum by Passerini. It was segregated from the lignicolous Helminthosporiums as Bipolaris turcica because of the grass host, the ellipsoidal shape and bipolar germination of the conidia and the mode of conidiophore proliferation. It was transferred to Drechslera in a wholesale transfer of the graminicolous species that ignored the distinctions between Drechslera and Bipolaris. In a further refinement of the generic concepts, it was satisfactorily placed in Exserohilum alongside other species with a strongly protruding scar on the conidia. Four years later, the generic name Luttrellia was proposed also based on Helminthosporium turcicum, the same type species as for Exserohilum. Consequently, Lutrellia is an obligate generic synonym that has not been taken up by authors. Luttrellia Shearer (27 June 1978) is a later homonym (Sivanesan, 1987). Many of the reports were made under the anamorph names. The preferred name for the anamorph is Exserohilum turcicum. The teleomorph was described by Luttrell (1958) as Trichometasphaeria turcica. It was transferred to Keissleriella but does not belong there because the anamorph of Keissleriella is Dendrophoma (Luttrell, 1964). It is satisfactorily placed in Setosphaeria with other similar ascomycetes that have anamorphs in Exserohilum. The preferred name for the teleomorph (and the entire fungus) is Setosphaeria turcica. The most closely allied species is Setosphaeria monoceras. The ascospores are very similar in both species. The conidia of S. monoceras may be slightly narrower and longer than those of S. turcica. However, evidence from similarity of host range and a common toxin, monocerin, indicate that S. monoceras may be a synonym of S. turcica. This will not affect the name for the organism causing northern leaf blight of maize because the epithet 'turcica' has priority over 'monoceras'. The ascomycete teleomorph is reported from artificial cultures after mating two compatible strains but, apparently, not reported from nature. The conidial isolates from nature include numerous strains that do not cross. In successful crosses, the ascospore complements in asci are often less than eight. These two features indicate that it is not a completely interbreeding biological species (Luttrell, 1958). Description Ascomata are globose to ellipsoidal, 350-725 x 345-500 µm, black, beaked, setose on the upper part and beak. Setae are rigid, thick-walled, septate, dark brown, up to 150 x 4-6 µm. Pseudoparaphyses are filiform, septate, branched, anastomosing and hyaline. Asci are bitunicate, thick-walled when young, cylindric-clavate, short http://www.cabi.org/cpc/datasheetreport?dsid=49783 2/21 31/7/2017 Datasheet report for Setosphaeria turcica (maize leaf blight) pedicellate, 1- to 8-spored, 175-250 x 24-31 µm. Ascospores are fusoid, straight or slightly curved, mostly 3- septate, constricted at the septa, 40-78 x 12-18 µm, with a thin, hyaline, mucilaginous sheath that extends from both ends of spores after release. Conidiophores are single or in small groups, simple, cylindrical, olive-brown, pale towards the apex, geniculate, up to 300 x 8-10 µm. Conidia are ellipsoidal to obclavate, straight to slightly curved, pale to olive-brown, smooth, 4-9- distoseptate, 50-144 x 18-33 µm with a distinct protuberant scar 2-3 x 2-3 µm. Chlamydospores may form in some cells of conidia in nature (Luttrell, 1958; Sivanesan, 1987). Distribution The distribution of S. turcica is world-wide (CMI, 1988). Distribution Table The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. Country Distribution Last Origin First Invasive References Notes Reported Reported ASIA Afghanistan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Bangladesh Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Bhutan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Brunei Darussalam Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Cambodia Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 China Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Anhui Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Fujian Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Gansu Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Guangdong Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Guangxi Present CABI/EPPO, 2008; Wu et al., 1893 -Guizhou Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Hainan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Hebei Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Heilongjiang Present Zhang & Lai, 1990; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Henan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Hong Kong Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Hubei Present CABI/EPPO, 2008; Zhu et al., 1995 -Hunan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Jiangsu Present Xie et al., 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Jiangxi Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Jilin Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Liaoning Present Wu et al., 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Nei Menggu Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Shaanxi Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 http://www.cabi.org/cpc/datasheetreport?dsid=49783 3/21 31/7/2017 Datasheet report for Setosphaeria turcica (maize leaf blight) Country Distribution Last Origin First Invasive References Notes Reported Reported -Shandong Present Zhou, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Shanxi Present Liu, 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Sichuan Present Hu, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Tibet Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Yunnan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Zhejiang Present Wu et al., 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2008 Georgia (Republic Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 of) India Widespread CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Andhra Pradesh Present Singh et al., 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Arunachal Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Pradesh -Bihar Present Sharma & Mishra, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Delhi Present Harlapur et al., 2007 -Gujarat Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Haryana Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Himachal Pradesh Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Jammu and Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Kashmir -Karnataka Present Gowda et al., 1995; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Madhya Pradesh Present CABI/EPPO, 2008; Barde, 1988 -Maharashtra Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Meghalaya Present Mahajan et al., 1995; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Nagaland Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Rajasthan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Tamil Nadu Present Veerraju & Prasad, 1974; CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Uttar Pradesh Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Uttarakhand Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -West Bengal Present Kaiser & Chowdhuri, 1986; CABI/EPPO, 2008 Indonesia Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Java Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Iran Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Iraq Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Israel Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Japan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Hokkaido Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Kazakhstan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Korea, Republic of Present Seo et al., 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2008 Laos Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Lebanon Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Malaysia Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 -Peninsular Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Malaysia -Sabah Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Myanmar Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Nepal Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 http://www.cabi.org/cpc/datasheetreport?dsid=49783 4/21 31/7/2017 Datasheet report for Setosphaeria turcica (maize leaf blight) Country Distribution Last Origin First Invasive References Notes Reported Reported Oman Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Pakistan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Philippines Present Tangonan & Sorongon, 1990; CABI/EPPO, 2008 Saudi Arabia Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Taiwan Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Thailand Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Turkey Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Vietnam Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Yemen Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 AFRICA Angola Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Benin Present UK CAB International, 1988 Botswana Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Burkina Faso Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Burundi Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Cameroon Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Central African Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Republic Chad Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Congo Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Congo Democratic Present CABI/EPPO, 2008 Republic Egypt Present CABI/EPPO, 2008
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