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Ficha País De Macedonia Del Norte OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS República de Macedonia del norte República de Macedonia del Norte La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios, no defendiendo posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. JULIO 2021 lep (74.000 hab.), Tetovo (71.000 hab.), Veles (57.000 hab.) Strumica República (54.000 hab.) de Macedonia Idioma oficial: Macedonio. El idioma albanés es cooficial. Moneda: denar MKD (1 euro = 61,52 denar MKD) del Norte Religión: aproximadamente 70% de ortodoxos (eslavomacedonios, valacos, SERBIA serbios, roma), 27% musulmanes (albaneses, turcos, roma, torbeshi). Hay una pequeña minoría de católicos, a la que perteneció Santa Teresa de Calcuta Kumanovo Composición étnica, según el último censo oficial llevado a cabo en la enton- ces Antigua República Yugoslava de Macedonia ARYM (2002): Tetovo SKOPJE - Eslavo-macedonios: 64,18% Kocani - Albaneses: 25,18% - Turcos: 3,85% Veles - Roma: 2,66% Radovis - Serbios: 1,78% Kicevo - Otros: 2,36% Kavadara Strumica Forma de Estado: democracia parlamentaria. Prilep División administrativa: El país está dividido en 85 municipios, tras la última Struga reforma llevada a cabo en agosto de 2004, de los cuales, 10 se encuadran Ohrid en “el Gran Skopje”. Lago Ohrid Bitola Lago Prespa GRECIA 1.2. Geografía ALBANIA El país está atravesado de norte a sur por la cordillera de los Balcanes siendo la © Ocina de Información Diplomática. zona más montañosa la parte occidental, fronteriza con Albania. El centro del Aviso: Las fronteras trazadas no son necesariamente las reconocidas ocialmente. país está constituido por el valle del río Vardar que desemboca en el Egeo, cerca de la ciudad griega de Tesalónica. En el Sur, el país comparte con Grecia y Al- 1. DATOS BÁSICOS bania los tres lagos más importantes de la región, los de Ohrid, Prespa y Dorjan. El punto más alto del país es la montaña Golem Korab (2.764 m.). La eleva- 1.1. Características generales ción media del país es de 741 m. Es un país totalmente continental, sin costa marítima. Nombre en las Naciones Unidas: República de Macedonia del Norte Superficie: 25.713 km2 La región presenta un alto riesgo sísmico. El último gran terremoto causó gran Límites: La República de Macedonia del Norte está situada al sur de la Pe- destrucción en Skopje en el año 1963, y provocó la muerte de unas 1.000 nínsula Balcánica y limita al norte con Serbia (101 Km. de frontera) y Kosovo personas. (según la Resolución 1.244 del CSNU - 160 Km. de frontera), al este con Bulgaria (162 Km. de frontera), al oeste con Albania (181 Km. de frontera) En lo que respecta a la vegetación, predomina el bosque templado y el bosque y al sur con Grecia (234 Km. de frontera). mediterráneo. Pueden diferenciarse cuatro grandes regiones según el tipo de Población: 2,1 millones de habitantes (el último censo se realizó en 2002) vegetación: 1) bosque mixto de los montes Ródope, en el extremo oriental 2) Capital: Skopje (unos 680.000 habitantes) bosque esclerófilo y mixto en el sureste 3) bosque mixto de los Montes Pindo, en Otras ciudades: Kumanovo (104.300 hab.) Bitola (87.600 hab.), Pri- el Oeste 4) bosque mixto balcánico en el resto del país. 2 FICHA PAÍS REPÚBLICA DE MACEDONIA DEL NORTE 1.3. Indicadores sociales 3. Región de Kosovo 297,62 4. Serbia 248,40 Población: 2,083,458 5. Bélgica 213,06 Densidad de población: 81,03 habitantes / km2 6. Italia 173,83 PIB per capita: 5.371 $ (2020) 7. Grecia 172,83 Coeficiente GINI: 33 (2018) 8. Hungría 162,93 Esperanza de vida: 75,8 (2019) 9. Rumanía 153,69 Crecimiento de la población: 0,02% anual (2019) 10. China 149,05 IDH (Valor numérico/ nº orden mundial): 0,774 ALTO / 82 11. Reino Unido 143,50 Tasa de natalidad: 10,7 nacimientos por 1.000 personas (2019) 12. Países Bajos 105,44 Tasa de mortalidad infantil en los cinco primeros años de vida: 5,3 por mil (2019) 13. España 99,00 Tasa de fertilidad: 1,5 niños por mujer 14. Bosnia Herzegovina 84,20 Tasa de analfabetismo: 2,2% (2014, últ. dato BM) 15. Turquía 77,81 1.4. Estructura del Producto Interior Bruto ORIGEN IMPORTACIONES (MILLONES DE EUROS) 2019 1. Reino Unido 969,10 ESTRUCTURA DEL P.I.B. Q 4 2020 2. Alemania 960,91 Servicios 60,7 3. Grecia 683,71 Industria 30,2 4. Serbia 606,31 Agricultura 9,5 5. China 486,90 Fuente: Oficina Estatal de Estadística (https://www.stat.gov.mk) 6. Italia 471,13 7. Turquía 404,80 1.5. Coyuntura económica 8. Bulgaria 324,49 9. Estados Unidos 276,78 PRINCIPALES INDICADORES ECONÓMICOS: 10. Polonia 237,17 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Q4 2020 2020 Q1 2021 11. Rumanía 214,09 PIB tasa de variación real (%) 12. Hungría 188,30 3.2 0.9 -14.9 -3.3 -0.7 -4.5 -1.9 13. Bélgica 157,24 Inflación fin de periodo (%) 14. Eslovenia 152,17 0,4 0,5 1,7 1,9 2,3 2.3 2,1 15. Países Bajos 150,96 Inflación media anual (%) 25. España 90,04 0,8 0,6 0,5 0,9 1,2 1.2 2,0 Tasa de desempleo (% población activa) 1.7. Distribución del comercio por productos 17,3 16,2 16,7 16,5 16,1 16.4 16,0 Déficit presupuestario (% del PIB) EXPORTACIONES POR PRODUCTOS (MILLONES DE EUROS) -2,1 -1,1 -2,8 -1,5 -2,7 -8.1 -1,0 2017 2018 2019 Tasa de cambio anual media MKD/EUR TOTAL 5.018,68 5.872,48 6.421,57 61,51 61,61 61,69 61,70 61,70 61,67 61,66 Comida y animales vivos 306,84 319,70 367,37 Exportaciones (millones euros) Animales vivos 2,26 1,89 2,06 6 433,3 1.407,7 1.042,6 1.606,2 1.721,4 5.777,9 1.661,2 Carne y carne preparada 22,00 25,64 26,40 Importaciones (millones euros) Productos frescos y huevos 14,48 16,32 23,06 8 441,0 1.918,8 1.426,9 1.996,8 2.252,0 7.594,5 2.189,0 Pescado y preparados de pescado 2,30 3,92 5,27 Saldo balanza comercial (millones euros) Cereales y preparados de cereales 72,34 79,37 81,69 -2 007,7 -511,0 -384,3 -390,6 -530,7 -1.816,6 -527,7 Frutas y verduras 150,51 145,93 175,33 Balance por cuenta corriente (% PIB) Azúcar, miel y similares 8,59 8,69 8,16 -3,3 -1,4 -0,8 -0,5 -0,7 -3,5 N.A. Café, té, cacao y similares 14,82 16,04 17,73 Inversión extranjera directa (millones euros) Comida para animales 1,03 1,05 2,18 363,3 135,9 -6,7 -7,8 84,3 205,7 -25,9 Comida preparada varia 18,50 20,86 25,49 Inversión extranjera directa (%PIB) Bebidas y tabaco 197,81 194,12 219,00 3,2 1,3 -0,1 -0,1 0,8 1,9 N / A Bebidas 58,65 65,76 75,23 Reservas moneda extranjera (millones euros) Tabaco y tabaco manufacturado 139,15 128,36 143,77 3 262,6 3.017,3 3.639,7 3.480,2 3.359,9 3.359,9 3.939,2 Productos en crudo no comestibles 286,35 318,57 331,99 Deuda pública (%PIB) Cuero y piel 4,83 3,04 2,44 - 40,2 41,8 50,7 51,5 51,2 N /A. Oleoginosas y aceite vegetal 2,99 1,00 1,14 Deuda externa (millones euros) Caucho y goma en crudo 8.154,4 8.312,4 8.786,7 9.093,7 8.630,3 8.630,3 9.833,4 (incluye sintético) 0,01 0,01 0,00 Deuda externa pública y privada (% PIB) Corcho y madera 2,34 1,96 1,72 72,7 77,2 81,6 84,5 80,2 80,2 84,8 Papel en bruto y pasta de papel 4,81 3,84 3,43 Fuentes: Banco Central de RMN (http://www.nbrm.gov.mk) Fibras textiles 1,57 1,48 1,34 Fertilizantes y minerales en crudo 43,53 57,00 66,42 1.6. Distribución del comercio por países Mineral metálico y restos minerales metálicos 210,18 232,33 234,55 PRINCIPALES DESTINOS EXPORTACIÓN (EN MILLONES DE EUROS) 2019 Materiales en crudo de origen 1. Alemania 3.128,80 mineral y animal 16,08 17,92 20,94 2. Bulgaria 313,88 Combustibles minerales, 3 FICHA PAÍS REPÚBLICA DE MACEDONIA DEL NORTE lubricantes y demás 75,36 99,85 131,21 Comida preparada varia 69,89 75,73 83,05 Carbón, coque y briquetas 0,16 0,22 0,11 Bebidas y tabaco 74,83 81,80 83,14 Petróleo y derivados 48,35 70,57 93,55 Bebidas 37,28 40,95 47,09 Gas natural 2,35 2,57 2,58 Tabaco y tabaco manufacturado 37,55 40,85 36,04 Energía eléctrica 24,50 26,48 34,97 Productos en crudo no comestibles 173,15 204,16 244,05 Aceites y grasas animales y vegetales 6,08 8,42 12,65 Cuero y piel 1,24 1,48 1,10 Productos Químicos 1.200,93 1.420,90 1.560,68 Oleoginosas y aceite vegetal 12,53 12,73 12,37 Orgánicos 1,46 1,38 1,55 Caucho y goma en crudo (incluye sintético) 2,39 3,17 2,94 Inorgánicos 8,44 7,37 18,35 Corcho y madera 27,51 27,93 29,15 Colorantes 11,85 12,68 13,80 Papel en bruto y pasta de papel 1,17 1,83 1,50 Productos médicos y relacionados 79,85 88,43 93,70 Fibras textiles 11,22 10,48 10,79 2017 2018 2019 Fertilizantes y minerales en crudo 11,50 10,68 11,90 Aceites esenciales, perfumes y demás 11,68 14,00 13,89 2017 2018 2019 Fertilizantes (excluidos en crudo) 0,57 0,50 0,83 Mineral metálico y restos Plásticos primarios 13,47 16,03 20,86 minerales metálicos 89,24 118,36 156,59 Plásticos no primarios 42,02 46,66 49,02 Materiales en crudo de origen Materiales y productos químicos 1.031,58 1.233,86 1.348,69 mineral y animal 16,35 17,50 17,71 Manufacturas (por material) 676,77 822,82 852,50 Combustibles minerales, Ropas de piel y cuero 2,55 2,63 2,11 lubricantes y demás 666,99 779,30 865,10 Manufacturas de goma 9,21 10,17 11,50 Carbón, coque y briquetas 18,12 24,50 23,12 Manufacturas de madera y corcho Petróleo y derivados 443,96 539,52 599,87 (muebles no incluidos) 4,15 5,83 6,79 Gas natural 93,69 101,79 106,70 Papel, láminas de papel, productos varios 10,97 15,97 17,54 Energía eléctrica 111,22 113,48 135,40 Tejidos, telas y demás 71,51 80,57 78,29 Aceites y grasas animales y vegetales 43,99 44,78 45,36 Manufacturas no metálicas 52,86 61,71 65,62 Productos
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