Siak Culture on Local Wisdom-Based Teaching in Primary School: a Preliminary Study

RESEARCH ARTICLE dv. Sci. Lett. 24, 8500-8502, 2018

Siak Culture on Local Wisdom-Based Teaching in Primary School: A Preliminary Study

Eddy Noviana1, Otang Kurniaman1, Zaka Hadikusuma Ramadan2, Elpri Darta Putra2, Charlina3, Supentri4, Sri Erlinda4, Munjiatun1, Gustimal Witri1, Zariul Antosa1, Lazim N1, Zahirman4, Zulkifli N5, Tuti Harwati6, Jumarini7

1Universitas Riau, Program Studi PGSD FKIP, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia 2Universitas Islam Riau, Program Studi PGSD FKIP, Pekanbaru, Indonesia 3Universitas Riau, Program Studi Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia FKIP, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia 4Universitas Riau, Program Studi PPKn FKIP, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia 5Universitas Riau, Program Studi PAUD FKIP, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia 6SD Negeri 035 Tarai Bangun, Kampar, Indonesia 7SMA Negeri 5, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Siak is one of city in Riau Province which used to be the largest center of Islamic sultanate in Riau, Siak Sri Indrapura. Local culture is as the basis for the development of learning that gives attention to the maintenance and utilization of the surrounding natural environment provides great opportunities to develop local wisdom-based learning. The purpose study is development teaching material-based local wisdom on the Education of Social Sciences Education (ESSE) in primary schools. Respondent in this research was 23 students fourth grade in primary school in Siak, Indonesia. Method this research was utilized by the development study 4-D (Design, Define, Develop and Disseminate). Teaching material was validated by expert in social science and understand Siak culture. Data analysis obtained that development teaching learning-based local wisdom could increase students’ achievement about local wisdom with percentage 25.21%. It can be concluded that the development teaching material-based local wisdom could promote students’ achievement in ESSE and improve students’ character in order to respect in their culture.

Keywords: teaching material-based local wisdom, primary school.

1. INTRODUCTION Social Studies Learning (ESSE) should be directed at improving the Many teachers do not link and develop materials/ concepts quality of human resources capable of "adaptation" and "adjustment" taught with local excellence and wisdom, or in other words teachers quickly through brilliant ways, and in the process involving decision tend to focus on textbooks alone4. Based on the results of preliminary making. The approach applied to ESSE, must be a multidimensional observations and interviews conducted at SDN 04 Buantan Besar in approach, or academically reviewed should be interdisciplinary or Siak District obtained information in the process of ESSE learning multidisciplinary. This is the essence of ESSE1. Thus the strategic effort to teachers as the only information (teacher centered), teaching materials improve students' scientific thinking ability in ESSE will soon be realized. used focused on textbooks that have become (book package that the This ability is needed by students in facing rapidly changing of life. Students material does not adopt local excellence and local wisdom) and does views become realistic by observing local culture and indigenous not link the material taught with local excellence and existing wisdom, knowledge/ local wisdom because the society around them taking so that in the learning process does not foster the needs and interests of advantage of the learning outcomes. students to pay attention to the maintenance and utilization of the Several studies have succeeded in developing local wisdom-based surrounding natural environment. teaching materials. Andriana, Syachruroji, Alamsyah, and Sumirat2 have This study aims to development teaching material-based local developed baduy local wisdom-based natural science big book. Hamid and wisdom on the Education of Social Sciences Education (ESSE) in Jahja3 also have developed environment education model based on local primary schools. wisdom.

2. METHOD The 4-D model development has been used to develop5 teaching Respondent were 23 students fourth grade in primary school in material-based local wisdom which includes define, design, Siak, Indonesia. development and dissemination. *Email Address: [email protected]

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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The development of local wisdom-based teaching material define, design, development and dissemination. The steps of exerted 4-D type of development that includes the development of development are discussed as follows. 1) Define Define step was conducted in analysis of learning learning, including ESSE in elementary schools. development6. The analysis needs to develop local wisdom-based 2) Design The preliminary design on the development of teaching material ESSE teaching materials-based local wisdom can be seen in Table 1. was adapted to local wisdom in Siak city culture. The composition of

Table 1. The Composition of ESSE Teaching Materials-Based Local Wisdom Component Description Teaching Material Cover Teaching materials designed by providing images related to the conditions and potential of existing areas in Siak District, namely with the image of siak palace, siak bridge in the city of Siak Sri Indrapura, photo sultan siak with empress, emerald lake, and rice. Contents The history of Siak Sultanate (the material substance in the teaching material, which is about the genealogy and history of the Siak empire, from the first sultan to the last sultan).

Natural view of Siak Regency (material substance in teaching materials, that is about siak district area, tourism object in siak district, geographical location of siak district, plain of siak district, waters of siak district)

Natural Resources (substance of materials in teaching materials, that is about natural resources, management of natural resources and preservation of natural resources in siak regency)

Cultural Region of Siak Regency (substance of material in teaching materials, that is about customs, dress custom, art, food typical of siak district)

3) Develop The development stage of teaching materials was the stage of about the systematic, depth of content, and the suitability of substance analyzing and assessing the feasibility of teaching materials that have developed from competence standard (SK) and basic competence (KD) been prepared to be used in learning. The activities conducted with potential owned by the local wisdom. discussions with the research team, then ask for input from experts

Table 2. Shows Result in Stage Component Description Revision Cover Teaching materials designed by providing images No significant changes, just the layout and suitability of the image size. related to the conditions and potential of existing areas in Siak District, namely with the image of siak palace, siak bridge in the city of Siak Sri Indrapura, photo sultan siak with empress, emerald lake, and rice. Content History of Siak Sultanate (substance of matter in Improvements made to the substance of this material were: (1) improving the teaching material, that is about pedigree and history of vocabularies and sentences considered ambiguous with the official literature siak sultanate, starting from first sultan until sultan last). on the genealogy and history of the siak sultanate; (2) adding the roles and functions of the four datuk who became advisers of the Siak sultan; (3) adding Siak Regency Natural Disposition (material substance pictures / photographs of each sultan; (4) adding photos and places buried from in teaching materials, that is about Siak district area, every sultan Siak. tourism object in Siak district, geographical location of Siak district, plain of Siak district, waters of Siak Improvements made to the substance of this material were: (1) improving district) image layout; (2) improving the district map of Siak by adding the position of sub-district in Siak district; (3) adding some additional attractions along with Natural Resources (substance of materials in teaching photos; and (4) adding function and gain of the Siak position as a growth materials, that is about natural resources, management triangle. of natural resources and preservation of natural resources in siak regency) Improvements in the substance of this material were as follows: (1) adding a brief description of the implementation of existing customs in the Siak district; Cultural Region of Siak Regency (substance of (2) adding pictures / photographs on the variety and form of customary material in teaching materials, that is about customs, clothing of Siak malay and the value contained in there; (3) adding pictures / dress custom, art, food typical of district siak) photographs of the variety of art and values contained; and (4) replacing the typical food type not originating from the siak district; (5) adding the procedures for making typical siak district food and the value contained in it.

8501 RESEARCH ARTICLE dv. Sci. Lett. 24, 8500-8502, 2018

4) Disseminate In this step, the local wisdom-based teaching materials made ends with posttest. The instrument done in purpose to measure the was implemented in the fourth grade of elementary school in Siak magnitude of the increase. Data about improving students' Regency with a total of 23 students through comparing the pretest score understanding of ESSE local wisdom-based teaching materials can be and posttest score. Implementation began with a pretest question, and seen in the table below. then the teaching material was implemented through Social studies, and

Table 3. Students' Understanding of ESSE Mean Pretest Mean Posttest Category Score (%) Score (%) 31.73 53.85 Middle

From table 3 above shows that there is increasing understanding the teaching materials was designed in such a way as to facilitate the of students in learning PIPS materials based on local wisdom. This is students to learn by adding images on some substance of the material, shows that the average score increases from 31.73 in the protest score so that students interested to learn it or in other words researchers to 53.85 in the post-test score with the mean gain index of 0.33 and believe with these increase students are assumed to understand about categorized in the medium category. The increasing happened because the conditions and potentials in the area7.

4. CONCLUSSION The conclusions of this research are (1) ESSE local wisdom- conclusions of this research are (1) ESSE local wisdom-based teaching based teaching material was effective in assisting teachers in helped students to understand the potential and condition of the area developing learning materials in ESSE subjects according to local around. This proofed the increasing of students understanding in potential, especially in this research in Siak Regency; and (2) The learning ESSE local wisdom-based teaching material.

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Received: 29 September 2017. Accepted: 22 Oktober 2017

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