DOCSLIB.ORG

Ancient Battles Kadesh Ramses II

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ancient Battles Kadesh Ramses II Ancient battles ● Kadesh ○ Ramses II (Egypt) vs. Hittites under Mutawali II ○ on Orontes River ○ earliest battle on record involving tactics, formation, & strategy ○ possibly the largest chariot battle ever ○ Hittites were busy rading the tents of the dead, allowed Egyptians to retreat ○ ended in a draw ○ Records of this battle were found around Hatussa at Bogazkoy in 1906 ○ On leader sent out false reports from two shashu that he was in Aleppo in the north ● Marathon ○ ­ Leaders ○ Greek­ Militades, Callimachus ○ Persian­ Datis, Artaphernes ○ Cynergius has his arm chopped off trying to not let a Persian ship sail away ○ Callimachus decided to attack the persians despite the fact Sparta couldn't help because of their celebrating a religious festival ○ Happened after the fall of Eretria ○ Athens had 1000 troops from Plataea ○ Famous event of Phedippes running 26 miles to tell of the victory and then collapsing dead ○ Crushed Darius I's last attempt to conquer Greece ● Thermopylae ○ Literally, just watch 300... ○ Leonitas (Sparta) ○ Xerxes I (Persian Empire) ○ fighting was at the "Hot Gates" ○ aso fought at Middle Gate ○ Ten Thousand Immortals ○ Location is now unrecognizable due to silting from the Sphercheosis River ○ Molon labe or come take them was one response in this battle ○ Occured along the Gulf of Malis ○ Books four and seven of the Guide to Greece by Pausanius said that no soldiers from Peloponnesus took part in it ○ Tide turned when Acichorios marched into Aetolia to sack the city of Callium ○ Opening salvos saw Greeks burn bridges over the Sperchios River ○ Callipus ○ Brenus ○ Mt. Oeta ○ Immortals commanded by Hardynes ● Philippi ○ final battle of Octavian and Mark Anthony against Brutus and Cassius ○ avenged the death of Caesar ○ Brutus faces Octavian, Cassius against Mark Anthony ○ Cassius committed suicide after hearing a false report that Brutus had been defeated ○ the first engagement would be a draw (but Cassius committed suicide) ○ the second time, Brutus would be defeated and commit suicide ○ triumvirate takes control of Rome entirely ● Actium ○ Large malaria outbreak right before the battle ○ Named after city in between Abracian Gulf and Ionian Sea ○ Antyllius was sent to retire in Athens ○ Initial attack commanded by Gaius Sosius ○ decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic ○ Cleopatra and Mark Anthony vs. Marcus Agrippa ○ Egyptian side(Cleopatra, Anthony) against the a Roman fleet(Agrippa) ○ Octavian's Roman forces won this battle ○ Nicopolis was founded by the winning side ○ Quintus Dellius betrayed the Egyptian battle plan ○ Egyptians used a horseshoe formation led by Gaius Sosius ● Cannae ○ Major battle in Second Punic War ○ Took place in Apulia in Southeast Italy ○ Hannibal, Marhabal, and Mago were commanders of the Carthaginian Republic ○ Gaius Varro and Lucius Pallus led Roman Republic ○ Winning General forced the action by ordering his light cavalry to harass troops carrying drinking water from the Aufidus River ○ Maharbal's Numidian cavalry played a big part in the victory ○ Hannibal used the double­envelopment tactic ○ Romans used heavy infantry ○ Carthaginian Republic won, with only 14,000 Roman soldiers surviving ○ Romans escape to Canusium ● Issus ○ Occurred in Southern Anatolia ○ Invading Macedonia troops led by Alexander the Great ○ Achaemenid Empire is made up of many Greek mercenaries ■ Darius 3, Arsames, Reomithres, and Atizyes are commanders ○ Craterus and Parmenion were Macedon commanders ○ The kardakes infantry was placed in foothills ■ Ambushed by a group of hypaspists ○ Cicilian Gates and Beilan Pass taken by Macedonians ○ Mosaic of this battle found in Pompeii ○ Jan Breugel depicted it in his painting, now in the Louvre ● Guagamela ○ Alexander the Great vs. Darius III (Persia) ○ called battle of Arbela ○ decsivie Macedonian victory, decline & fall of Persia ○ Bessus would murder Darius III upon the defeat at this battle, as Darius was hoping to gather another army in the east ○ Alexander gives Darius a full burial ceremony in Persepolis, and exceutes Bessus later ○ Alexander would gain Babylon, half of the Persian empire, and the rest of Mesopotamia ○ Parmenion wanted to rest another day and wanted a night time attack ○ Phalanx armed with sarissas ○ Losing commander had the plain on which it took place smoothed to maximize effectiveness of his chariots ○ Two years after a clash at Issus ● Salamis ○ Leaders: ○ Greek­ Aristides, Eurybiades, Themistocles, ○ Persian­ Xerxes I, Artemisia, Ariabignes ○ Ameinias (brother of Aeschylus) ○ Artemisia ( a woman) was the only good Persian commander which caused Xerxes to say"My Women are men and my men are women" ○ Three men were sacrificed before it ○ Persians held a war council at Phaeleron before it ○ Fighting occurred around Pysttaleia ○ Battle made Xerxes leave greece and leave Mardonius to finish conquest of Greece ○ Preceded by the trickery of the slave Sicinnus ○ Began after war council at Phaleron ○ One commander viewed it from Mount Egaleo ○ Took place between the island of Saint George and the Kynosoura Peninsula ○ Psyttaleia was captured by Aristides ○ Force stationed at Piraeus under Ariamenes and Artemisia lost to that of Eurybiades ○ Victory of fleets of Themistocles over those of Xerxes in the Persian Wars ○ Attack of Aminias ○ Prophecy of Euphrantides led to the death of three men related to the opposing commander ○ Damasithymis attacked by an ally ○ Defense led by Leonidas at Thermopylae ○ Ephialtes’ betrayal ○ Saw death of Ariabignes ○ Losers included Queen Artemisia (general at this battle) and Mardonius ○ Fought in Mycale and Artemisium ○ “my men have become women and my women have become men” ○ Ruler of Caria advised the losing ruler to attack ○ Island off the Greek coast south of the Isthmus of Corinth ○ Victory for the Athenians ● Alesia ○ reinforcements (late) arrive under Sedullos and Vercassivellaunos ○ focus on Mandubii ○ Ambiorix led a revolt of the Eburones prior to it ○ new leader elected at Averni ○ Commius unsuccessfully attacked teh Romans ○ after battle of Gergovia ○ Julius Caesar defeats Vercengitorix, Romans get Gaul ○ Caesar wins with FAR less troops fortified in a small compound ○ on Mont Auxois ○ PLutarch estimated that 300,000 soldiers fought for the Gallic side.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC.
    [Show full text]
  • Hystaspes, Gobryas, and Elite Marriage Politics in Teispid Persia John Hyland Christ Opher Newport University
    Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture www.dabirjournal.org Digital Archive of Brief notes & Iran Review ISSN: 2470-4040 No.5.2018 1 xšnaoθrahe ahurahe mazdå Detail from above the entrance of Tehran’s fire temple, 1286š/1917–18. Photo by © Shervin Farridnejad The Digital Archive of Brief Notes & Iran Review (DABIR) ISSN: 2470-4040 www.dabirjournal.org Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture University of California, Irvine 1st Floor Humanities Gateway Irvine, CA 92697-3370 Editor-in-Chief Touraj Daryaee (University of California, Irvine) Editors Parsa Daneshmand (Oxford University) Arash Zeini (Freie Universität Berlin) Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin) Judith A. Lerner (ISAW NYU) Book Review Editor Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin) Advisory Board Samra Azarnouche (École pratique des hautes études); Dominic P. Brookshaw (Oxford University); Matthew Canepa (University of Minnesota); Ashk Dahlén (Uppsala University); Peyvand Firouzeh (Cambridge University); Leonardo Gregoratti (Durham University); Frantz Grenet (Collège de France); Wouter F.M. Henkelman (École Pratique des Hautes Études); Rasoul Jafarian (Tehran University); Nasir al-Ka‘abi (University of Kufa); Andromache Karanika (UC Irvine); Agnes Korn (CNRS, UMR Mondes Iranien et Indien); Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones (University of Edinburgh); Jason Mokhtarain (University of Indiana); Ali Mousavi (UC Irvine); Mahmoud Omidsalar (CSU Los Angeles); Antonio Panaino (University of Bologna); Alka Patel (UC Irvine); Richard Payne (University of Chicago); Khodadad Rezakhani (History, UCLA); Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis (British Museum); M. Rahim Shayegan (UCLA); Rolf Strootman (Utrecht University); Giusto Traina (University of Paris-Sorbonne); Mohsen Zakeri (University of Göttingen) Logo design by Charles Li Layout and typesetting by Kourosh Beighpour Contents Notes 1- Hamid Bikas Shourkaei: La satrapie de Phrygie hellespontique (Daskyleion): des origines 1 à la chute de l’Empire perse achéménide 2- Stanley M.
    [Show full text]
  • Internet Resource Booklet, 3Rd Edition
    2 A Publication of the Robert C. Cooley Center for the Study of Early Christianity Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, Charlotte, North Carolina ©April, 2013 Cover picture by James R. Grams, www.game103.net Printed by PerfectImage! 3 Preface The websites offered here are of use not only to theological students and scholars but also to anyone interested in the topics. We hope that you find them as useful as we have for our interest in Biblical and Early Church studies, as well as related fields. While we have explored these sites ourselves, some comments are in order about the care needed in using websites in research. The researcher should be very careful on the web: it is sometimes similar to picking up information on a city street or in a shopping mall. How can we be sure that this information is worth citing? One way to be careful on the web is to look for institutional association or proof of academic authority. When using a website, investigate whether it is associated with a college or university, a research society, study center or institute, a library, publishing company, scholarly journal, and so forth. One might also see if the site manager or author is an academic engaged in ongoing research in the field. These sites are probably well worth using, just as any peer reviewed publication. Even so, the information may be more ‘work in progress’ than published data. Sites that reproduce printed matter can be useful in the same way if the works were published by reputable scholars and publishing companies—check for these (the researcher needs to cite this information along with the website in any case).
    [Show full text]
  • The Sculptures and Inscription of Darius the Great on the Rock Of
    THE SCULPTURES AND INSCRIPTION OF BEHISTUN. PLATE I. Darius the Great, accompanied by attendants, with one foot placed on the prostrate body of the Pseudo-Smerdis (Gaumata). From the rock -sculpture at Behistun. THE SCULPTURES AND INSCRIPTION OF DARIUS THE GREAT ON THE ROCK OF BEHISTCN IN PERSIA. A NEW COLLATION OF THE PERSIAN, SUSIAN, AND BABYLONIAN TEXTS, WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS, ETC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES, SOLD AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM; AND AT LONGMANS & Co., 39, PATERNOSTER Row; BERNARD QUARITCH, 15, PICCADILLY; ASHER & Co., 13, BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN ; AND HENRY FROWDE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, AMEN CORNER, LONDON. 1907. [All rights reserved^ LONDON : HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN'S LANE. CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix INTRODUCTION xi LIST OF PROPER NAMES xlvii THE TEXT OF THE BEHISTUN INSCRIPTION : I. THE PERSIAN TEXT i EPIGRAPHS 84 II. THE SUSIAN VERSION 93 EPIGRAPHS 152 III. THE BABYLONIAN VERSION 159 'EPIGRAPHS . 207 INDEX 211 THE following pages contain the Persian text, with its Susian and Babylonian versions, of the Inscription which Darius the Great caused to be cut on the Rock of Behistun, which is situated in Persia on the ancient caravan route between Babylon and Ecbatana. The Inscription was first copied and translated by the late Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Bart, G.C.B., whose study of it enabled him to bring to a successful issue the decipherment of the Cuneiform Inscriptions. His edition of the Persian text, accompanied by a Commentary, appeared in the tenth volume of the Joitrnal of the Royal Asiatic Society in 1847, and his final edition of the texts of the Babylonian version was published by the Trustees of the British Museum in Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyrus and the Achaemenids*
    CYRUS AND THE ACHAEMENIDS* By Matt Waters University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Understanding of early Achaemenid history has him through four generations: “Darius the king undergone significant changes in recent scholarship. proclaims: My father is Hystaspes, the father of Recent research has emphasised the familial distinction Hystaspes is Arsames, the father of Arsames was between Cyrus the Great and Darius I, and it has Ariaramnes, the father of Ariaramnes was Teispes, the become difficult to give credence to the traditional, father of Teispes was Achaemenes. Darius the king modern reconstruction of Darius’ kinship claims that proclaims: For this reason we are called implies a dual descent from Achaemenes via Teispes: ‘Achaemenids’.”2 This lineal descent, in subsequent one line to Cyrus and the other to Darius. With Cyrus’ inscriptions, became simply “Achaemenid” (i.e., minus inscriptions at Pasargadae demonstrated as spurious, the full genealogical progression), used as a dynastic and the “Achaemenid dynasty” demonstrated as marker. This Achaemenid emphasis is consistently Darius’ creation ex nihilo, the relationship between reflected in Darius’ titulary, for example, “I am Darius Darius and his predecessors requires a new assessment. the Great King, King of Kings, King of many countries, Darius has been viewed as an unabashed liar, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenid” (DPe §1 — with despite the consistent antipathy toward the Lie (Old minor variations in several other inscriptions).3 Persian drauga) emphasised in his royal inscriptions. The name Achaemenes or title “Achaemenid” does As typical of the genre of royal apologia, the truth not occur in Cyrus’ inscriptions (notwithstanding the therein reflects the truth as the sovereign portrayed it, Pasargadae inscriptions, in fact commissioned and with historical accuracy, as we would define it, not a placed by Darius).4 Cyrus traced his lineage to his priority.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerxes and Babylonia
    ORIENTALIA LOVANIENSIA ANALECTA Xerxes and Babylonia The Cuneiform Evidence edited by CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS and MAARJA SEIRE PEETERS XERXES AND BABYLONIA: THE CUNEIFORM EVIDENCE ORIENTALIA LOVANIENSIA ANALECTA ————— 277 ————— XERXES AND BABYLONIA The Cuneiform Evidence edited by CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS and MAARJA SEIRE PEETERS LEUVEN – PARIS – BRISTOL, CT 2018 A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. © 2018, Peeters Publishers, Bondgenotenlaan 153, B-3000 Leuven/Louvain (Belgium) This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. ISBN 978-90-429-3670-6 eISBN 978-90-429-3809-0 D/2018/0602/119 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS . VII CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS Introduction: Debating Xerxes’ Rule in Babylonia . 1 REINHARD PIRNGRUBER Towards a Framework for Interpreting Social and Economic Change in Babylonia During the Long 6th Century BCE . 19 MAŁGORZATA SANDOWICZ Before Xerxes: The Role of the Governor of Babylonia in the Administration of Justice Under the First Achaemenids . 35 MICHAEL JURSA Xerxes: The Case of Sippar and the Ebabbar Temple . 63 KARLHEINZ KESSLER Uruk: The Fate of the Eanna Archive, the Gimil-Nanāya B Archive, and Their Archaeological Evidence . 73 CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS The Network of Resistance: Archives and Political Action in Baby- lonia Before 484 BCE . 89 MATHIEU OSSENDRIJVER Babylonian Scholarship and the Calendar During the Reign of Xerxes .
    [Show full text]
  • ARTAXERXES III OCHUS and His Reign
    't\ Class __lil^^-^^ Book_ —A\^ Gopyrightl^"._- COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. ARTAXERXES III OCHUS AND His Reign WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF THE OLD TESTAMENT SOURCES BEARING UPON THE PERIOD ^, AN INAUGURAL DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OP BERN IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DOCTOR'S DEGREE BY NOAH CALVIN HIRSCHY OP BERNE, INDIANA ACCEPTED BY THE PHILOSOPHICAL FACULTY UPON THE PROPOSAL OF PROFESSOR DR. K. MARTI PROFESSOR DR. G. TOBLER BERN DEAN JULY 16. 1907 CHICAGO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 1909 Copyright igog By The University of Chicago Published May igog Composed and Printed By The University of Chicago Press Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A. LIBRARY Of CONGRESS! Two Copies Received I my ! 9 1809 ( iC'-OiiS lA ^AC. ,'.0. PREFACE In this attempt to gather all the historic data of a dark and weary period of the world's history on which the sources of information are rather indefinite and unsatisfactory, it may at first appear that too much attention is paid to the general historic situation. But when we remember that some of the biblical sources claimed for the reign of Ochus are placed by scholars at different periods from the eighth to the first century, then this objection loses its force. The final solution of the acceptance or rejection of the Old Testament sources for this period seems to the writer to depend very largely on the clearness of our conception of the history of the last seven centuries before the Christian era. The reign of Ochus forms only a fragment of the two and a fourth centuries of Persian suprem- acy.
    [Show full text]
  • Eran Almagor
    ELECTRUM * Vol. 24 (2017): 123–170 doi:10.4467/20800909EL.17.025.7507 www.ejournals.eu/electrum PLUtaRCH AND THE PERSIANS Eran Almagor Abstract: This paper deals with the image of Persia and the Persians in the works of Plutarch of Chaeronea (c. 45–c. 120 AD), in both his Moralia and Lives. It explores this theme under several headings: Plutarch as: (a) a Greek Imperial author, (b) an author dealing with historical subjects, (c) a biographer, (d) a moralist, and (e) a philosopher and an essayist concerned with religious themes. Keywords: Plutarch, Persia/Persians, Second Sophistic, Aristides, Themistocles, Agesilaus, Ly- sander, Artaxerxes, Alexander the Great, Zoroastrianism, Magoi Our image of the ancient western view of Persia is largely shaped by Greek Imperial texts (from roughly 50 BC to 250 AD), and in particular by the way earlier works (like Herodotus) were received in this age, which eclipsed the previous periods in terms of the volume of works that survived.1 Among the authors and men of letters of this era, Plu- tarch of Chaeronea (c. 45–c. 120 AD) clearly stands out. Oftentimes, Plutarch provides us with information on Persia that we do not obtain elsewhere and which is derived from good but lost sources. Moreover, Plutarch is almost the only author who presents a rela- tively full account of the Persian Wars, from Themistocles and Aristides to Alexander, albeit in a biographical form and in a non-linear story, since the history is divided into separate works. A large proportion of the writings of this prolific writer (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History 2020 Number 27 Editor: Karl-Johan Lindholm Editorial Board: Assyriology: Olof Pedersén
    JAAH Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History 2020 Number 27 Editor: Karl-Johan Lindholm Editorial Board: Assyriology: Olof Pedersén. Archaeology: Anders Kaliff, Neil Price. Classical Archaeology and Ancient History: Gunnel Ekroth, Lars Karlsson. Egyptology: Andreas Dorn. Editorial history: www.arkeologi.uu.se/Journal/ ISSN: 2001-1199 Published: 2020-10-09 at http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-420702 The Bīsotūn Inscription - A Jeopardy of Achaemenid History Amir Ahmadi1 1Amir Ahmadi, School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. [email protected] Department of Archaeology and Ancient History Uppsala University, Sweden 1 ABSTRACT According to the currently favoured view among historians of the Persian Empire, the Bīsotūn Inscription is a deceitful piece of propaganda whose purpose was to resolve Darius’s legitimacy problem. To this effect, Darius cobbles a family relation with Cyrus and fabricates the story of a magus who impersonates Smerdis, son of Cyrus, and usurps the throne. This view, however, contradicts not only the Bīsotūn Inscription but also the ancient Greek testimonies. This article examines the arguments historians have given for their position. Since all views of the two issues in question are necessarily interpretations of the relevant sources that rely on argumentation, reasons and inferences must stand up to critical scrutiny. Keywords Achaemenid history; Bīsotūn Inscription; Persian Empire; Darius; Cyrus; Herodotus. 2 AMIR AHMADI The Bīsotūn Inscription - A Jeopardy of Achaemenid History Introduction The prevalent view of the Bīsotūn Inscription in contemporary histories of the Achaemenid Empire has two striking characteristics. The first one is that it contradicts the Bīsotūn Inscription and the classical sources regarding the rise of Darius on key points.
    [Show full text]
  • The Horse and the Lion in Achaemenid Persia: Representations of a Duality
    arts Article The Horse and the Lion in Achaemenid Persia: Representations of a Duality Eran Almagor Independent Researcher, P.O. Box 3410, Jerusalem 91033, Israel; [email protected] Abstract: This paper explores the ambiguous Persian Achaemenid attitude towards the horse and the lion. It examines the way these animals appear in imperial official presentations, local artifacts throughout the empire and Greek textual representations. In the case of the stallion, it looks at the imagery of horse riding or the place of the horse in society and religion alongside the employment of steeds in chariots. Images of the lion are addressed in instances where it appears to be respected as having a significant protective power and as the prey of the chase. This paper attempts to show that this ambiguity corresponds roughly to the dual image of the Persians as both pre-imperial/nomad Citation: Almagor, Eran. 2021. The and imperial/sedentary (and hence allegedly luxurious), a schism that is manifest in both the Horse and the Lion in Achaemenid self-presentation of the Achaemenids and in the Greek texts. Persia: Representations of a Duality. Arts 10: 41. https://doi.org/ Keywords: horse; lion; Achaemenid; Ancient Persia; animals; Assyrian Empire; Medes; nomads; art 10.3390/arts10030041 history; archaeology Academic Editors: Branko F. van Oppen de Ruiter and Chiara Cavallo In a passage from Diodorus Siculus, the courtier Tiribazus, faced with charges of treason, tells his judges how once he had saved the Great King’s life: Received: 4 June 2020 Once
    [Show full text]
  • L-G-0015203190-0047333904.Pdf
    A History of Ancient Persia Blackwell History of the Ancient World This series provides a new narrative history of the ancient world, from the beginnings of civilization in the ancient Near East and Egypt to the fall of Constantinople. Written by experts in their fields, the books in the series offer authoritative accessible surveys for students and general readers alike. Published A History of Babylon, 2200 BC–AD 75 Paul‐Alain Beaulieu A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000–323 BC, third edition Marc Van De Mieroop A History of Ancient Egypt Marc Van De Mieroop A History of the Archaic Greek World, 1200–479 BCE, second edition Jonathan M. Hall A History of the Classical Greek World, 478–323 BC, second edition P. J. Rhodes A History of the Hellenistic World, 323–30 BC R. Malcolm Errington A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284–641, second edition Stephen Mitchell A History of Byzantium, second edition Timothy E. Gregory A History of Greece, 1300 to 30 BC Victor Parker A History of Ancient Persia The Achaemenid Empire Maria Brosius This edition first published 2021 © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Maria Brosius to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arshama Letters from the Bodleian Library
    THE ARSHAMA LETTERS FROM THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY Volume 1 INTRODUCTION John Ma Christopher Tuplin Lindsay Allen December 2013 The Arshama Letters from the Bodleian Letters Vol. 1 Introduction Vol. 2 Text, translation and glossary Vol. 3 Commentary Vol. 4. Abbreviations and Bibliography Available for download at http://arshama.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/publications/ The Arshama Letters from the Bodleian Library by L. Allen, J. Ma, C. J. Tuplin, D. G. K. Taylor is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License This work takes its origin in activities funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council; more at http://arshama.classics.ox.ac.uk. Cover: Pell. Aram. 1 (A6.10). Photography courtesy of the Bodleian Library. CONTENTS John Ma INTRODUCTION 1-4 Christopher Tuplin ARSHAMA: PRINCE AND SATRAP 5-44 Lindsay Allen THE BODLEIAN ACHAEMENID ARAMAIC LETTERS: A FRAGMENTARY HISTORY 45-49 INTRODUCTION John Ma The Bodleian Library now possesses a remarkable body of material from the Persian Empire: a set of letters on parchment, written in 'Imperial Aramaic', the administrative language and lingua franca in the empire, a set of clay sealings (7 from the same seal), and the fragments of two leather bags in which this assemblage is supposed to have been stored. This material appeared in Berlin in the 1930s, and was acquired during the Second World War by the Bodleian: 1 the circumstances, and the nature of the assemblage, are discussed here by L. Allen, and much remains unclear about this cache. What is clear, from the text of the letters, is that they concern the affairs of a figure named Arshama, who can securely be identified with the fifth-century satrap of Egypt in the days of the Persian king Darius II.
    [Show full text]