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THE EFFECT of Kluyveromyces Lactis STARTER CONCENTRATION and FERMENTATION TIME to the PHYSICOCHEMICAL and FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES of EGG WHITE POWDER

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THE EFFECT of Kluyveromyces Lactis STARTER CONCENTRATION and FERMENTATION TIME to the PHYSICOCHEMICAL and FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES of EGG WHITE POWDER Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak, October 2019, 117-125 Vol. 14 No. 2 ISSN : 1978 – 0303 DOI : 10.21776/ub.jitek.2019.014.02.6 THE EFFECT OF Kluyveromyces lactis STARTER CONCENTRATION AND FERMENTATION TIME TO THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF EGG WHITE POWDER Andry Pratama*, Wendry Setiadi Putranto, Kusmajadi Suradi, Robiatul Adawiyah, Risanawati, Chintia Ninda Departement of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Accepted 16 April 2019; Revised 10 September 2019 Published 17 October 2019 ABSTRACT The process of making egg white powder would determine the qualities of the product. One way to maintain the qualities of the egg white powder could be done through egg white fermentation prior to drying. This research aims to understand the effect of Kluyveromyces lactis fermentation on egg white at different starter concentrations and fermentation time to the physicochemical and functional properties of the egg white powder. The research is conducted in a completely randomized design experiment with nested treatment. The K. lactis starter concentrations were divided into 3 groups (P1 = 0.2%; P2 = 0.4%; and P3 = 0.6%), and the fermentation times were divided into two groups (W1 = 12 h; and W2 = 24 h), with all treatments were repeated four times and nested on the starter concentration. The results showed that concentration K. lactis starter concentration and fermentation time gave no significant effect to the physicochemical and functional (pH, yield, solubility, water, ash, and carbohydrate content, and colours (L*, a*, b*)) properties, but increase the protein content of the egg white powder. The research concludes that egg white fermentation with 0.6% Kluyveromyces lactis concentration for 24 h gave the best physicochemical and functional properties of the egg white powder. Keywords: Kluyveromyces lactis; physicochemical properties; functional properties; egg white powder 117 Andry Pratama et al., 2019 INTRODUCTION long, it would reduce the foaming and solubilities of the egg white due to protein Chicken egg is one of the popular and degradation (Nahariah et al., 2018).One of preferred animal-based food. It is regarding the yeasts which have the ability to that the chicken egg is cheap and widely metabolize glucose in food products through available while also rich in nutrients fermentation is Kluyveromyces lactis. The (Lestari, 2009). Moreover, the egg white yeast is categorized in phylum could be used in various food products, such Ascomycotina, family Saccharomycetaceae, us for bakeries or meat products, as it has and genus Kluyveromyces. foaming and other properties which would Kluyveromyces lactis showed the improve the texture of the food products. ability to metabolize lactose, glucose, However, even though the egg white has galactose, and produce β-galactosidase high protein content (around 80%), the egg enzyme, which would reduce lactose in white has short self-life which would dairy milk (Roostita et al., 2014). become problems for big industries Kluyveromyces lactis would have optimal (Yuwanta, 2010). The processing of egg growth in the pH 4.6-6.5 medium at 25oC. white into powder is one of the efforts to The glucose and galactose fermentation of prolong its shelf life without decreasing its the yeast is done through aerobic glycolysis, nutritional content and volume, thus would which produced pyruvic acid and followed be more efficient and versatile to be used for with Acetyl-CoA. The Acetyl-CoA would various products. then enter Krebs cycle and produced CO, The processing of egg white powder H2O, and energy in the form of ATP could be done through drying, however, the (Yurliasni, 2009). This research is then process would initiate Maillard reaction. conducted to understand the effect of The interaction between glucose with different Kluyveromyces lactis starter proteins in the egg white would decrease the concentration and fermentation time to the produced egg white powder qualities, such physicochemical and functional properties as causing off-flavor, pH changes and of egg white powder. brownish color (Lechevalier et al., 2007). The sugar fraction in the chicken egg white MATERIALS AND METHODS is around 0.4% to 0.9% (Yuwanta, 2010), while the standard for reduced sugar in the Materials egg white powder is no more than 0.1%. The main materials in this research are This showed the high possibilities of 1500 mL egg whites from Lohman brown Maillard reacted to occur during egg white chicken which has been stored for a day in powder processing. In order to prevent the Layer Jaya Farm. The other materials used reaction, fermentation prior to egg white in this research were Kluyveromyces lactis processing could be done which aimed to isolates from Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi reduce the glucose content (Buckle et al., Hayati Institut Teknologi Bandung, 5% 2007). The longer fermentation would citric acid, Malt Extract Broth (MEB), reduce more carbohydrate in the egg white, plastic wrap and clip, aluminum foil, and however, if the fermentation is done for to aquadest. *Corresponding author: How to cite: Andry Pratama Pratama, A., Putranto, W. S., Suradi, K., Adawiyah, Email: [email protected] R., Risanawati., Ninda, C. (2019). The Effect of Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty Kluyveromyces Lactis Starter Concentration and of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Fermentation Time to the Physicochemical and Sumedang 45363, Indonesia Functional Properties of Egg White Powder. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak, 14 (2), 117-125 118 The Effect Of Kluyveromyces Lactis Starter Concentration Methods The sample for fermentation were Starter solution divided according to the K. lactis starter Two to three streaks of K. lactis isolate concentrations, which were 0.2% (P1); 0.4% were inoculated into 5 mL of MEB media (P2); and 0.6% (P3) (v/v). The drying was and then incubated at 25oC for 24 h (culture done by using pan drying at 45oC for 22 h in 1). Furthermore, as much as 0.1 mL (0.1%) the blast air oven (Yenaco YNC 30L). The of culture 1 were taken for reinoculation in dried egg whites were then turned into 100 mL MEB media at 25oC for 48 h. The powder by using blender (Philips HR2157) K. lactis isolate solution was then for the followed by 80 mesh filtration. research. pH Egg White Powder Preparation Ten grams of egg white powders were (Modified from Nusa et al., 2017) weighed and diluted into 100 mL aquadest The egg white powders were made by in a beaker glass, and then stirred until firstly separate the egg white from other egg homogenous. The pH of the sample was then parts, and then added with 5% citric acid measured by using a pH meter (Hanna HI until reached pH 6.5. The egg white is then 2210-02). pasteurized by using a water bath (Julabo TW20) at 62oC for 3 min, then fermented for Yields (AOAC, 2006) 12 and 24 h at 25oC in the incubator The egg white powder yields were (Memmert IF55). measured by the following formula: Total weight of the produced egg white powder (gram) Yields (%)= x 100% Total weight of the egg white (gram) Solubility (Modified from AOAC, 2006) The filter paper along with the One gram of egg white powder was residues was then dried by using blast air diluted into 100 mL aquadest and then oven (Yenaco YNC 30L) at 105oC for 3 h. filtered by using filter paper with the help of The filter paper was then weighed before vacuum pump to precipitate the filtration and after cooled down in desiccator for process. 15 min. (Total weight of filter paper and residues-filter paperweight) Solubility = 1 - x 100% (100 - %water) 100 x Sample weight Functional Properties (Mulyani, 2012) The produced foam was tidied by The results of rehydration were mixed using a spatula and then measured for its again with Philips mixer at 680-700 rpm for volume. The sample was then kept for an 5 min. hour and then measured for foam seepage. Foam volume Foaming = x 100% Egg white volume foam seepage Foam stability = 100% - ( x 100%) foam volume Water content (AOAC, 2006) The sample was then dried in blast air oven Two grams of egg white powder was (Yenaco YNC 30L) at 105-110oC for 3 h. weighed and placed into an aluminum dish. The sample was then cooled down in 119 Andry Pratama et al., 2019 desiccator for 15 min before weighed again content of egg white powder was measured until reached constant weight. The water by following formula: Initial weight-final weight Water (%) = 푥 100% Initial weight Ash (AOAC, 2006) process was done at 400oC and the second Five grams of egg white powder was burning process was at 500oC, for 2 h both. burnt in tenure until ash was produced and The sample was then cooled down in reached constant weight. The burning was desiccator before weighed and measured by done in two steps, with the initial burning following formula: Ash weight (gram) Ash % = x 100% Sample weight (gram) Protein (AOAC, 2006) which nested in the concentration treatment. The protein content was measured Each treatment was replicated four times. with Kjeldahl method, which was consisted of destruction, distillation and titration steps. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Carbohydrate (AOAC, 2006) The effect of K. lactis starter The carbohydrate content in egg white concentration and fermentation time on powder was measured with the Anthrone pH method. Two grams of sample was diluted in It can be seen from Table 1 that the 250 mL aquadest, and then further diluted average egg white powder pH in all until eighth dilution was obtained. The treatments was relatively high (8.60-8.68). standard sugar solution was then pipetted The finding is similar to the research by into reaction tube at 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; and Roxana et al.
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