DOCSLIB.ORG

Characterization of Sterol Lipids in Kluyveromyces Lactis Strain M-16 Accumulating a High Amount of Steryl Glucoside

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characterization of Sterol Lipids in Kluyveromyces Lactis Strain M-16 Accumulating a High Amount of Steryl Glucoside Journal of Oleo Science Copyright ©2009 by Japan Oil Chemists’ Society J. Oleo Sci. 58, (2) 91-96 (2009) Characterization of Sterol Lipids in Kluyveromyces lactis Strain M-16 Accumulating a High Amount of Steryl Glucoside Michiko Sugai1, Naoya Takakuwa2, Masao Ohnishi3, Tadasu Urashima1 and Yuji Oda3＊ 1 Graduate School of Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, JAPAN) 2 Memuro Research Station, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region (Memuro, Hokkaido 082-0081, JAPAN) 3 Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, JAPAN) Abstract: Kluyveromyces lactis strain M-16 isolated from raw milk accumulates a high amount of steryl glucoside in the cells. Under high temperature or in the presence of NaCl, this strain did not show better growth than other K. lactis strains that hardly accumulated steryl glucoside. Heat shock elevated the content of steryl glucoside 3.2-fold, which accounted for 27% of the total sterol lipids, and simultaneously reduced that of acyl sterol. Both strains, M-16 and NBRC 1267, contained ergosterol as a principal component, and dihydroergosterol was also included in steryl glucoside of strain M-16. Lanosterol was a major component second to ergosterol in free sterols. In acyl sterol of strain M-16, the proportion of 4,4- dimethylzymosterol was higher than that of ergosterol. Excess synthesis of steryl glucoside in strain M-16 consumes ergosterol and dihydroergosterol in the pool of free sterols, and acyl sterol may inevitably take in 4,4-dimethylzymosterol and 4-methylfecosterol, the intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway to ergosterol, as a component sterol. Key words: Kluyveromyces lactis, steryl glucoside, heat shock, sterol glucosyltransferase 1 INTRODUCTON The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesizes ergos- Steryl glucoside (SG), which is composed of the sterol terol as an essential component of the cell membrane to 8) ring with a glucose residue at the C3-OH group, is included maintain its integrity but does not accumulate detectable in the membrane lipids of various organisms1,2). In plants, amounts of SG9). The yeasts alternatively used to assess SG may serve as a primer for cellulose biosynthesis the function of SG are the methanol-utilizing species, because the cotton fiber membrane synthesizes sitosterol- Pichia pastoris, and the alkane-utilizing species, Yarrowia cellodextrins from SG and UDP-glucose3). Other reports on lipolytica10). The two species require SG synthesis for the the physiological functions of SG are related with the cellu- degradation of methanol-induced peroxisomes by exoge- lar response to environmental changes through morpho- nous carbon compounds and the utilization of decane, logical differentiation. Kunimoto et al.4) suggested that SG respectively11). As for P. pastoris, the SG content in the plays a role as a mediator in the early stage of stress- cells from the complete medium was much lower than that responsive signal transduction from the rapid synthesis of in those from the minimal medium and increased with the SG in the myxoamoebae of the true slime mold5) and in stress conditions, such as heat shock or high ethanol con- human fibroblasts by heat-shock treatments6). The sterol molecules of SG and the lipid compositions of a Gram-nega- Abbreviations: SG, steryl glucoside; AS, acyl sterol; FS, free tive bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, changed during mor- sterol; DMS, 4,4-dimethylsterol; MMS, 4-methylsterol; DeMS, 4- phological transition from the spiral to the coccoid form desmethylsterol; SGT, sterol glucosyltransferase; TLC, thin-layer induced by environmental stresses7). chromatography; GC-MS, gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. ＊Correspondence to: Yuji Oda, Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, JAPAN E-mail: [email protected] Accepted October 3, 2008 (received for review August 5, 2008) Journal of Oleo Science ISSN 1345-8957 print / ISSN 1347-3352 online http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jos/ 91 M. Sugai, N. Takakuwa, M. Ohnishi et al. centrations9). Recently, Park et al.12) studied the interac- tions between defensins, antifungal peptides produced by plants, and cell surface glycolipids of fungi and found that the mutant strains of Neurospora crassa which are resis- tant to defensin expressed highly increased levels of SG, identified as ergosteryl glucoside, when cultured in the conventional potato-dextrose broth without any environ- mental stress. The yeast Kluyveromyces lactis included in the family Saccharomycetaceae13) possesses the gene encoding sterol glucosyltransferase (SGT) for SG synthesis but does not produce detectable amounts of SG, as observed in S. cere- visiae. We investigated 2,150 yeast strains isolated from raw milk and milk products to produce glucosylceramide from cheese whey and unexpectedly found that K. lactis 14) strain M-16 synthesized a considerable amount of SG . Fig. 1 Thin-layer Chromatograms of Sterol Lipids This strain is a wild microorganism accumulating SG even Extracted from the Cells of K. lactis M-16. under the usual culture conditions. In the present experi- Sterol lipids were separated into SG, AS and FSs ments, the chemical composition of sterol lipids was ana- containing DMS, MMS and 4-desmethylsterol by lyzed to assess the characteristics of strain M16 in SG accumulation. two experiments. Solvent systems: (a) chloroform: methanol:acetic acid:water (20:3:5:2.3:0.7, v/v); (b) n-hexane:diethyl ether:acetic acid (80:30:1). Detection: (a) orcinol-sulfuric acid reagent; (b) 2 EXPERIMENTAL H2SO4:ethanol:water (25:50:25). 2.1 Organism and culture K. lactis strain M-16 was isolated from domestic raw milk and deposited in the NITE Patent Microorganisms Depositary (NPMD), Chiba, Japan, as NITE P-228. Other Total lipids were subjected to a silicic acid column (Sep- strains classified as K. lactis (NBRC 0433, NBRC 0648, pak cartridge) and eluted by methanol to obtain the frac- NBRC 1090, NBRC 1267, NBRC 1903) were obtained from tion containing SG and glucosylceramide. After hydrolysis 16) the NITE Biological Research Center (NBRC), Chiba, by 10% Ba(OH)2-dioxane (1:1) , sterol was extracted from Japan. Yeast cells were grown in a YPD medium composed this fraction twice by hexane and once by diethylether and of 1.0% yeast extract, 2.0% polypeptone, and 2.0% glucose further purified by a silicic acid column. AS isolated from with shaking or in the same medium solidified by agar. preparative TLC was hydrolyzed by 1M KOH in methanol15) to release the component sterol. DMS, MMS and DeMS 2.2 Sterol analysis were collected from TLC and combined. FSs and compo- The cells reached about one-half of A600 in maximal nent sterols prepared from SG and AS were analyzed with growth; 10 for strain M-16 and 30 for strain NBRC 1267 GC-MS (QP2010, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) equipped were transferred under stress conditions and successively with a ULBON HR-1 capillary column (50 m×0.25 mm, i.d. cultured for 6 h. After centrifugation, the collected cells 0.25 mm, Shinwa Chemical Industries, Kyoto, Japan) and an were lyophilized and used for the extraction of total lipids15) EI detector according to a method described elsewhere17). to analyze the sterol lipids by TLC. For each sample, two A typical chromatogram of these sterols and their biosyn- TLC plates were developed with chloroform:methanol: thetic pathway in the yeast cells are shown in Figs. 2 and acetic acid:water (20:3:5:2.3:0.7, v/v) and n-hexane:diethyl 3, respectively. ether:acetic acid (80:30:1) and detected by orcinol-sulfuric acid reagent and H2SO4:ethanol:water (25:50:25), respec- 2.3 Molecular biological techniques tively. TLC chromatograms resulted in the separation of A polymerase chain reaction was conducted using Z- cellular sterols into SG, acyl sterol (AS) and free sterols Taq-DNA polymerase as recommended by the supplier (FSs) containing 4,4-dimethylsterol (DMS), 4-methylsterol (Takara Bio Inc., Kyoto, Japan). The primers used were (MMS) and 4-desmethylsterol (DeMS) (Fig. 1) to determine SGT-1F (5’-CAGATGCAAAACGTTTCC-3’) and SGT-11R their contents by comparing their densities to those of (5’-TGGACGACGTTCCTATTT-3’) for the SGT gene. The authentic standards14) or to prepare samples for further fragments amplified from the genomic DNA of yeast cells analysis. were sequenced and assigned the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank 92 J. Oleo Sci. 58, (2) 91-96 (2009) Yeast Steryl Glucosides Accession Numbers AB426891 to AB426892. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Effects of stress conditions on the growth and sterol compositions The relationship between the cellular SG and environ- mental changes9) suggested that strain M-16 may be more resistant to stress conditions than the NBRC strains hard- ly synthesizing SG. Then, serially diluted suspensions of yeast cells were spotted on agar plates and incubated for 2 days to compare their growth responses to external stress- es (Fig. 4). Under the standard conditions at 25℃, vital Fig. 2 GC-MS Spectrum of Sterols Included in AS Isolated growth of all the strains was observed with suspensions from K. lactis Strain NBRC 1267. diluted up to 103 and more or less inhibited at 35℃ or in the Each peak of component sterol prepared by the presence of 4.0% NaCl. Strain NBRC 1267 grew exception- hydrolysis of AS was identified as follows: (a) ally well even at 35℃. Strains NBRC 0433, NBRC 1090 and zymosterol; (b) ergosterol; (c) dihydroergosterol; (d) NBRC 1903 were less sensitive to 4.0% NaCl than the other 4-methylzymosterol; (e) 5-dehydroepisterol; (f) strains. Individual strains differed in resistance to each fecosterol; (g) episterol; (h) ergosta-7-ene-3b-ol; (i) stress condition, and strain M-16 did not show the best growth. These observations mean that SG is unlikely to 4-methylfecosterol; (j) lanosterol; (k) 4,4- protect the cells from stress conditions in strain M-16.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Inhibition of MRN Activity by a Telomere Protein Motif
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24047-2 OPEN Inhibition of MRN activity by a telomere protein motif Freddy Khayat1,6, Elda Cannavo2,6, Majedh Alshmery1, William R. Foster1, Charly Chahwan 1,4, Martino Maddalena1,5, Christopher Smith 1, Antony W. Oliver 1, Adam T. Watson1, Antony M. Carr 1, ✉ Petr Cejka2,3 & Alessandro Bianchi 1 The MRN complex (MRX in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, made of Mre11, Rad50 and Nbs1/Xrs2) 1234567890():,; initiates double-stranded DNA break repair and activates the Tel1/ATM kinase in the DNA damage response. Telomeres counter both outcomes at chromosome ends, partly by keeping MRN-ATM in check. We show that MRX is disabled by telomeric protein Rif2 through an N- terminal motif (MIN, MRN/X-inhibitory motif). MIN executes suppression of Tel1, DNA end- resection and non-homologous end joining by binding the Rad50 N-terminal region. Our data suggest that MIN promotes a transition within MRX that is not conductive for endonuclease activity, DNA-end tethering or Tel1 kinase activation, highlighting an Achilles’ heel in MRN, which we propose is also exploited by the RIF2 paralog ORC4 (Origin Recognition Complex 4) in Kluyveromyces lactis and the Schizosaccharomyces pombe telomeric factor Taz1, which is evolutionarily unrelated to Orc4/Rif2. This raises the possibility that analogous mechanisms might be deployed in other eukaryotes as well. 1 Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. 2 Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universitàdella Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland. 3 Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • Signatures of Optimal Codon Usage Predict Metabolic Ecology in Budding Yeasts
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.214635; this version posted July 24, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Signatures of optimal codon usage predict metabolic ecology in budding yeasts 2 Abigail Leavitt LaBella 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA 4 ORCID: 0000-0003-0068-6703 5 [email protected] 6 7 Dana A. Opulente 8 Laboratory of Genetics, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy 9 Institute, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, J.F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, 10 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA 11 12 Jacob Steenwyk 13 Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA 14 ORCID: 0000-0002-8436-595X 15 [email protected] 16 17 Chris Todd Hittinger 18 Laboratory of Genetics, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy 19 Institute, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, J.F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, 20 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA 21 ORCID: 0000-0001-5088-7461 22 [email protected] 23 24 Antonis Rokas 25 Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA 26 ORCID: 0000-0002-7248-6551 27 [email protected] 28 Running head: Codon usage as a lens into the metabolic ecology of budding yeasts 29 Keywords: Codon usage bias; Budding yeasts; Secondary metabolism; Reverse Ecology bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.214635; this version posted July 24, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • EFFICIENT CULTIVATION of Kluyveromyces Lactis in HIGH CELL DENSITY CULTURE in FED-BATCH CULTIVATION SYSTEM
    EFFICIENT CULTIVATION OF Kluyveromyces lactis IN HIGH CELL DENSITY CULTURE IN FED-BATCH CULTIVATION SYSTEM MOHD SHAFIQ B MOHD SUEB A dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Master of Engineering (Bioprocess) Faculty of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia JUN 2012 PERPUSTAKAN UNIVERSITi MALAYSIA PAHANG 0. Perolef-jan No. Panggilan 4 .' 2uu- o'z ABSTRACT Kluyveromyces lactis is beneficial and well-known yeast due to its status of GRAS that has made the yeast as a vital microorganism for the subject of studies and also the applications of industry such as a possible source of single-cell protein with expected probiotic properties, oligonuci eotide-derived flavour enhancers and lactic acid. In addition, High Cell Density Cultivation (HCDC) of K. lactis has been scientifically and biotechnologically important trend in improving microbial mass and product formation substantially. More importantly, fed-batch strategy has been identified as another effective mean to increase the yield by preventing substrate limitation or inhibition through maintaining medium substrate concentration at a low level during cultivation. In this study, there were two system cultivations have been employed which was batch cultivation and fed-batch cultivation. Further studies have been done under batch cultivation on the aeration effect and dissolved 02, DO. The results showed that 1.0 v/v/inin aeration rate gave relatively high cell dry weight, CDW, 18.6 gIL. On the contrary, the results from DO stat value of 60% showed substantial increment with CDW of 28.7 gIL. As for the fed-batch study, constant feeding rate strategy has been applied with two different feeding substrates i.e complete media and mono-lactate.
    [Show full text]
  • To Obtain a Determination of Whether an Organism Is a New Organism
    APPLICATION FORM Section 26 Determination To obtain a determination of whether an organism is a new organism Send to Environmental Protection Authority preferably by email ([email protected]) or alternatively by post (Private Bag 63002, Wellington 6140) Payment must accompany final application; see our fees and charges schedule for details. Application Number APP202920 Date 30 June 2016 www.epa.govt.nz 2 Application Form To obtain a determination of whether an organism is a new organism 1. Applicant details 1.1. Applicant Company Name: (if applicable) Natural Solutions NZ Ltd Contact Name: Michael Kelly Job Title: Director Physical Address: 40 St Benedicts Street, Newton, Auckland 1010 Postal Address (provide only if not the same as the physical): Phone (office and/or mobile): +64-9-3681909 and +64-27-4141030 Fax: +64-28-2555-2601 Email: [email protected] 1.2. New Zealand agent or consultant (if applicable) Company Name: Contact Name: Job Title: Physical Address: Postal Address (provide only if not the same as the physical): Phone (office and/or mobile): Fax: Email: December 2013 EPA0327 3 Application Form To obtain a determination of whether an organism is a new organism 2. Information about the organisms 2.1. Name of organisms Identify the organisms as fully as possible Organism name: Acetobacter aceti Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Alphaproteobacteria Order: Rhodospirillales Family: Acetobacteraceae Genus: Acetobacter Species: Acetobacter aceti (Pasteur 1864) Beijerinck 1898 Synonyms: Mycoderma aceti Pasteur 1864, 125 Acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti (Pasteur 1864) De Ley and Frateur 1974. Cells ellipsoidal to rod shaped, straight or slightly curved, 0.6–0.9 x 1.0–4.0 lm, occurring singly, in pairs, or in chains.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Level Classification of the Fungi and a Tool for Evolutionary Ecological Analyses
    Fungal Diversity (2018) 90:135–159 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses 1,2,3 4 1,2 3,5 Leho Tedersoo • Santiago Sa´nchez-Ramı´rez • Urmas Ko˜ ljalg • Mohammad Bahram • 6 6,7 8 5 1 Markus Do¨ ring • Dmitry Schigel • Tom May • Martin Ryberg • Kessy Abarenkov Received: 22 February 2018 / Accepted: 1 May 2018 / Published online: 16 May 2018 Ó The Author(s) 2018 Abstract High-throughput sequencing studies generate vast amounts of taxonomic data. Evolutionary ecological hypotheses of the recovered taxa and Species Hypotheses are difficult to test due to problems with alignments and the lack of a phylogenetic backbone. We propose an updated phylum- and class-level fungal classification accounting for monophyly and divergence time so that the main taxonomic ranks are more informative. Based on phylogenies and divergence time estimates, we adopt phylum rank to Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Glomeromycota, Entomoph- thoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota and Olpidiomycota. We accept nine subkingdoms to accommodate these 18 phyla. We consider the kingdom Nucleariae (phyla Nuclearida and Fonticulida) as a sister group to the Fungi. We also introduce a perl script and a newick-formatted classification backbone for assigning Species Hypotheses into a hierarchical taxonomic framework, using this or any other classification system. We provide an example
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Control of Spoilage Fungi in Dairy Products: an Update
    microorganisms Review Diversity and Control of Spoilage Fungi in Dairy Products: An Update Lucille Garnier 1,2 ID , Florence Valence 2 and Jérôme Mounier 1,* 1 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM EA3882), Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France; [email protected] 2 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf (STLO), AgroCampus Ouest, INRA, 35000 Rennes, France; fl[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-(0)2-90-91-51-00; Fax: +33-(0)2-90-91-51-01 Received: 10 July 2017; Accepted: 25 July 2017; Published: 28 July 2017 Abstract: Fungi are common contaminants of dairy products, which provide a favorable niche for their growth. They are responsible for visible or non-visible defects, such as off-odor and -flavor, and lead to significant food waste and losses as well as important economic losses. Control of fungal spoilage is a major concern for industrials and scientists that are looking for efficient solutions to prevent and/or limit fungal spoilage in dairy products. Several traditional methods also called traditional hurdle technologies are implemented and combined to prevent and control such contaminations. Prevention methods include good manufacturing and hygiene practices, air filtration, and decontamination systems, while control methods include inactivation treatments, temperature control, and modified atmosphere packaging. However, despite technology advances in existing preservation methods, fungal spoilage is still an issue for dairy manufacturers and in recent years, new (bio) preservation technologies are being developed such as the use of bioprotective cultures. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the diversity of spoilage fungi in dairy products and the traditional and (potentially) new hurdle technologies to control their occurrence in dairy foods.
    [Show full text]
  • D-Fructose Assimilation and Fermentation by Yeasts
    microorganisms Article D-Fructose Assimilation and Fermentation by Yeasts Belonging to Saccharomycetes: Rediscovery of Universal Phenotypes and Elucidation of Fructophilic Behaviors in Ambrosiozyma platypodis and Cyberlindnera americana Rikiya Endoh *, Maiko Horiyama and Moriya Ohkuma Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (RIKEN BRC-JCM), 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan; [email protected] (M.H.); [email protected] (M.O.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of ascomycetous yeasts to as- similate/ferment D-fructose. This ability of the vast majority of yeasts has long been neglected since the standardization of the methodology around 1950, wherein fructose was excluded from the standard set of physiological properties for characterizing yeast species, despite the ubiquitous presence of fructose in the natural environment. In this study, we examined 388 strains of yeast, mainly belonging to the Saccharomycetes (Saccharomycotina, Ascomycota), to determine whether they can assimilate/ferment D-fructose. Conventional methods, using liquid medium containing Citation: Endoh, R.; Horiyama, M.; yeast nitrogen base +0.5% (w/v) of D-fructose solution for assimilation and yeast extract-peptone Ohkuma, M. D-Fructose Assimilation +2% (w/v) fructose solution with an inverted Durham tube for fermentation, were used. All strains and Fermentation by Yeasts examined (n = 388, 100%) assimilated D-fructose, whereas 302 (77.8%) of them fermented D-fructose. Belonging to Saccharomycetes: D D Rediscovery of Universal Phenotypes In addition, almost all strains capable of fermenting -glucose could also ferment -fructose. These and Elucidation of Fructophilic results strongly suggest that the ability to assimilate/ferment D-fructose is a universal phenotype Behaviors in Ambrosiozyma platypodis among yeasts in the Saccharomycetes.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title A fungal phylogeny based on 82 complete genomes using the composition vector method Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xt677h2 Journal BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9(1) ISSN 1471-2148 Authors Wang, Hao Xu, Zhao Gao, Lei et al. Publication Date 2009-08-10 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-195 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access A fungal phylogeny based on 82 complete genomes using the composition vector method Hao Wang1, Zhao Xu1, Lei Gao2 and Bailin Hao*1,3,4 Address: 1T-life Research Center, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China, 2Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA(92521), USA, 3Institute of Theoretical Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100190, PR China and 4Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM(87501), USA Email: Hao Wang - [email protected]; Zhao Xu - [email protected]; Lei Gao - [email protected]; Bailin Hao* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 10 August 2009 Received: 30 September 2008 Accepted: 10 August 2009 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:195 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-195 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/195 © 2009 Wang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservation of Polyol Transporter Proteins and Their Involvement in Lichenized Ascomycota
    Fungal Biology 123 (2019) 318e329 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio The conservation of polyol transporter proteins and their involvement in lichenized Ascomycota Kanami Yoshino a, Kohei Yamamoto b, Kojiro Hara c, Masatoshi Sonoda a, * Yoshikazu Yamamoto c, Kazunori Sakamoto a, a Division of Environmental Horticulture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-0092, Japan b Tochigi Prefectural Museum, 2-2 Mutsumi-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0865, Japan c Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-nishi, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan article info abstract Article history: In lichen symbiosis, polyol transfer from green algae is important for acquiring the fungal carbon source. Received 4 June 2018 However, the existence of polyol transporter genes and their correlation with lichenization remain un- Received in revised form clear. Here, we report candidate polyol transporter genes selected from the genome of the lichen- 30 December 2018 forming fungus (LFF) Ramalina conduplicans. A phylogenetic analysis using characterized polyol and Accepted 21 January 2019 monosaccharide transporter proteins and hypothetical polyol transporter proteins of R. conduplicans and Available online 31 January 2019 various ascomycetous fungi suggested that the characterized yeast’ polyol transporters form multiple Corresponding Editor: Martin Grube clades with the polyol transporter-like proteins selected from the diverse ascomycetous taxa. Thus, polyol transporter genes are widely conserved among Ascomycota, regardless of lichen-forming status. In Keywords: addition, the phylogenetic clusters suggested that LFFs belonging to Lecanoromycetes have duplicated Gene duplication proteins in each cluster. Consequently, the number of sequences similar to characterized yeast’ polyol Genome transporters were evaluated using the genomes of 472 species or strains of Ascomycota.
    [Show full text]
  • THE EFFECT of Kluyveromyces Lactis STARTER CONCENTRATION and FERMENTATION TIME to the PHYSICOCHEMICAL and FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES of EGG WHITE POWDER
    Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak, October 2019, 117-125 Vol. 14 No. 2 ISSN : 1978 – 0303 DOI : 10.21776/ub.jitek.2019.014.02.6 THE EFFECT OF Kluyveromyces lactis STARTER CONCENTRATION AND FERMENTATION TIME TO THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF EGG WHITE POWDER Andry Pratama*, Wendry Setiadi Putranto, Kusmajadi Suradi, Robiatul Adawiyah, Risanawati, Chintia Ninda Departement of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Accepted 16 April 2019; Revised 10 September 2019 Published 17 October 2019 ABSTRACT The process of making egg white powder would determine the qualities of the product. One way to maintain the qualities of the egg white powder could be done through egg white fermentation prior to drying. This research aims to understand the effect of Kluyveromyces lactis fermentation on egg white at different starter concentrations and fermentation time to the physicochemical and functional properties of the egg white powder. The research is conducted in a completely randomized design experiment with nested treatment. The K. lactis starter concentrations were divided into 3 groups (P1 = 0.2%; P2 = 0.4%; and P3 = 0.6%), and the fermentation times were divided into two groups (W1 = 12 h; and W2 = 24 h), with all treatments were repeated four times and nested on the starter concentration. The results showed that concentration K. lactis starter concentration and fermentation time gave no significant effect to the physicochemical and functional (pH, yield, solubility, water, ash, and carbohydrate content, and colours (L*, a*, b*)) properties, but increase the protein content of the egg white powder.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Editing in Kluyveromyces and Ogataea Yeasts Using a Broad-Host-Range Cas9/Grna Co-Expression Plasmid Hannes Juergens1,Javiera.Varela2, Arthur R
    FEMS Yeast Research, 18, 2018, foy012 doi: 10.1093/femsyr/foy012 Advance Access Publication Date: 9 February 2018 Research Article Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/femsyr/article-abstract/18/3/foy012/4847887 by Universidade Federal de S�o Carlos user on 15 May 2019 RESEARCH ARTICLE Genome editing in Kluyveromyces and Ogataea yeasts using a broad-host-range Cas9/gRNA co-expression plasmid Hannes Juergens1,JavierA.Varela2, Arthur R. Gorter de Vries1,†, Thomas Perli1, Veronica J.M. Gast1, Nikola Y. Gyurchev1, Arun S. Rajkumar2, Robert Mans1,JackT.Pronk1,JohnP.Morrissey2 and Jean-Marc G. Daran1,∗,‡ 1Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands and 2School of Microbiology/Centre for Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology/Environmental Research Institute/APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland ∗Corresponding author. Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft. E-mail: [email protected] One sentence summary: A novel broad-host-range CRISPR-Cas9 tool to explore genome editing in non-conventional yeasts. Editor: Jens Nielsen †Arthur R. Gorter de Vries, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0841-6583 ‡Jean-Marc G. Daran, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3136-8193 ABSTRACT While CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing has transformed yeast research, current plasmids and cassettes for Cas9 and guide-RNA expression are species specific. CRISPR tools that function in multiple yeast species could contribute tothe intensifying research on non-conventional yeasts. A plasmid carrying a pangenomic origin of replication and two constitutive expression cassettes for Cas9 and ribozyme-flanked gRNAs was constructed.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Kluyveromyces Marxianus</I>
    189 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 62, No. 2, 1999, Pages 189±193 Copyright Q, International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians A Differential Medium for the Isolation of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Kluyveromyces lactis from Dairy Products MARIA-JOSEÂ VALDERRAMA,* M. ISABEL DE SILOÂ NIZ, PILAR GONZALO, AND JOSEÂ M. PEINADO Departamento de MicrobiologõÂa, Facultad de BiologõÂa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain MS 98-18: Received 26 January 1998/Accepted 10 August 1998 ABSTRACT Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article-pdf/62/2/189/1665745/0362-028x-62_2_189.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 A selective and differential solid medium, called Kluyveromyces Differential Medium (KDM), is described for the isolation of Kluyveromyces marxianus and K. lactis from dairy products. Its discriminative potential is based on the detection of the enzyme b-galactosidase, in the absence of lactose. Of the more than 95 strains tested, including yeasts, bacteria, and ®lamentous fungus, only the strains of K. marxianus and K. lactis produced blue colonies on the medium due to the presence of X-Gal/ IPTG. The bacterial strains were not able to grow in KDM. On this basis, the medium was very satisfactory when testing naturally or experimentally contaminated dairy food products. When quality assessment tests were performed, optimal values of productivity (growth and color) and selectivity were obtained for K. marxianus and K. lactis. At present, microbial quality control in food industries MATERIALS AND METHODS is mainly focused on detecting pathogenic bacteria, while only total numbers of yeasts, together with ®lamentous fun- Strains. A total of 87 yeast strains have been used in this work (Table 1).
    [Show full text]