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Investigating Blackness Castle Has Patrolled This Corner of the Forth Since Blackness Castle the 15Th Century

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Investigating Blackness Castle Has Patrolled This Corner of the Forth Since Blackness Castle the 15Th Century Known from its shape as ‘the ship that never sailed’, INVESTIGATING Blackness Castle has patrolled this corner of the Forth since BLACKNESS CASTLE the 15th century. Information for Teachers investigating historic sites blackness castle 2 Known from its shape as ‘the and Scotland. The more vulnerable ship that never sailed’, Blackness landward walls were raised and Timeline Castle has patrolled this corner of strengthened to an incredible 5.5 c1440s Blackness Castle the Forth since the 15th century. metres thick and the tops of the walls built by Sir George Famous for its range of prisons, the reinforced to allow cannons to be Crichton on site of earlier mounted on top of them. When Mary castle castle is an evocative and exciting place for a field trip. Queen of Scots was born in 1542, it was 1453 Castle annexed by planned for some time that she might James II Historical background be kept safe here during the ‘Wars of 1536 Major rebuilding and strengthening of Unlike many castles in Scotland, the Rough Wooing’. Although the infant castle; central tower Blackness was for most of its life the Mary never did come here, following her converted into secure property of the Crown. It has served abdication in 1567 and the subsequent prison the state in various different military civil war in Scotland, the garrison at 1543 Cardinal Beaton capacities – fortress, prison, garrison Blackness remained loyal to Mary, held for a month and munitions depot. However, it was causing chaos to shipping in the Forth. 1650 Castle besieged first built round about 1440 as a private and taken by Cromwell’s In 1650 Cromwell’s men caused residence for Sir George Crichton, a troops considerable damage to the castle member of one of Scotland’s most 1693 Spur tower raised following a siege during which the powerful political families. It was and given upper gun castle was bombarded from both land probably built on the site of a previous battery; North Tower and sea. Built up again in 1660, the fort; the port at Blackness had for reduced in height castle’s role diminished in the 18th and centuries served the royal burgh of 1707 Castle becomes 19th centuries. It was used as a transit garrison rather than Linlithgow. camp for some of the 45,000 prisoners state prison; adapted for barrack use Sir George did not have time to enjoy taken during the wars with France, Spain his castle for long, as in 1453 it was and America between 1759 and 1815. 1759-1815 Castle used as annexed by James II and has stayed in transit camp for French From 1870 Blackness became the Crown hands ever since. It was used prisoners of war central ammunition depot for Scotland mainly as a state prison, solid enough 1870 Castle becomes and was further remodelled by the army. new central ammunition to cast even the most optimistic of Occupied again during the first world depot; altered prisoners into despair. accordingly war, afterwards it took on its new role as In the mid-16th century the castle was ancient monument. 1918 Castle abandoned as military depot massively strengthened in a climate of 1926-35 Victorian worsening relations between England additions removed Central tower, looking south HISTORIC SCOTLAND education blackness castle 3 Supporting learning and teaching A visit to Blackness Castle is particularly appropriate for Before the visit Working on site teachers working on class study • It is helpful if pupils have some of When exploring the castle, in addition topics such as: the architectural terminology of to our suggestions for discussion, • Mary Queen of Scots castles as this makes discussion pupils should be encouraged to look on site easier. Words particularly critically at what they see and to make • The Middle Ages relevant to Blackness might include: and test theories based on physical • Castles gunhole, crenellations, drawbridge, evidence. Some general starting points pit prison, curtain wall, latrine, could include: Indirectly, through its role as a caponier, cannon, dovecot. Other • What materials were used to build state prison, it could support useful words are: ammunition, the castle? Why were these materials Citizenship work on Human garrison, siege, prisoner of war, chosen? Are there any materials Rights. barracks. Pupils could produce an which might have rotted away or illustrated class dictionary to explain The Curriculum for Excellence been stolen since then? aspires to motivate and challenge these and other terms. • Do you think this room has always pupils through a wide range of • Help pupils gain a clearer grasp of looked like this? Can you see varied learning experiences. Site the time scale by making a time anywhere it has been altered? Why visits have a particular role to play line with them, counting back the might it have been changed? in joining up learning outcomes centuries and then marking on key across the curriculum. A visit, and events in the history of the castle. • What evidence is there for everyday use of the supporting materials, This could be added to after the life? will help to: visit. Pupils can record evidence by taking • develop successful learners by • Discuss the organisation of life in a notes, sketching, taking photographs, challenging pupils to consider castle. Pupils could investigate the recording impressions into a tape how life has changed for people. roles of the key castle ‘managers’: recorder. It will help them to think steward in charge of household; On the Historic Scotland website: critically about evidence and constable or keeper in charge www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/ arrive at their own conclusions. of castle security; marshal in education_unit teachers can find charge of travel arrangements and • develop confident individuals. additional resources to help with work communications; chaplain in charge Pupils wilI learn about aspects of on site. These include compiling an of written communication and their community’s past, develop Evidence Record and a My Impressions spiritual matters. Further details an understanding of social Record. changes, establish some of their of this can be found in the Historic own values and communicate Scotland publication Investigating Suggestions for follow-up work their views on different Medieval Castles in Scotland. Following the visit pupils can pool their historical and social issues. • There is plenty of good evidence findings in groups to create a fuller • develop responsible citizens. on site relating to defending and record of the castle. This could form It will help to increase pupils’ attacking castles. Discuss with pupils the basis for a range of presentation social and historical knowledge the range of ways that castles could activites, for example: and understanding and be attacked and defended. • A guide book or leaflet for future encourage greater respect for • Some children find it hard to grasp visitors their own historic and built that a castle was ever anything environment. other than a ruin. Discuss how wind • A slide show with commentary • develop effective contributors and weather can affect the look • Imaginative writing based on by broadening pupils’ of a building as well as the many the lives of the people who lived knowledge and understanding deliberate changes that people or worked at the castle – even a through investigative, creative choose to make to buildings as their prisoner use evolves. and critical thinking. • A series of drama sketches showing snapshots of life in the castle through the ages. HISTORIC SCOTLAND education blackness castle 4 Plan of Blackness Castle On the trail of Blackness Castle Our suggested tour route guides you and your pupils around the 8 site at Blackness. After 9 the introduction, it 7 6 doesn’t really matter in 5 4 which order you visit the 3 locations, so you may prefer to split your class into groups and start at 2 different points. After checking in with the steward, we suggest 1 you visit these locations, marked on the plan to the right: 1. Introduction: Outside the Castle 2. West Entrance and Spur 3. South Tower – ground floor 4. South Tower – the Hall 5. The Courtyard 6. The Central Tower 7. North Tower: the Prisons 8. Drawbridge and Jetty 9. Walkway and top of North Tower Background information is given in the pack for each location. It is written in simple language so that it can be read aloud to pupils if desired. Also included are suggested questions for discussion. Allow about an hour for the tour. HISTORIC SCOTLAND education blackness castle 5 Tour notes: On the trail of Blackness Did you know... Castle The name Blackness Location 1: Outside the Castle comes from an old Norse Go and stand facing the castle by an information panel to the right of the castle by a word ‘nes’ meaning a cottage. sticking out bit of land. It was built on a stretch of Background information for teachers. This can be read to pupils. black rock that sticks out • Blackness Castle has been here for over 550 years! It is also known as ‘the ship into the River Forth. that never sailed’ – can you guess why? (shape of it, sticking out into the Forth, surrounded by water on three sides). But although it never sailed, this castle has had at least five different uses: • First of all it was built as a house for an important lord. • Next it was used as a fortress. • Later it became a prison. • Then it became a place for the army to stay. • Finally it was used as a place where weapons and ammunition were kept. • It is unusual because it was in use from about 1440 right up to just after the first world war finished in 1918 – over 450 years.
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