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US 2011 0207819A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0207819 A1 BO (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 25, 2011 (54) FATEMULSION FOR ARTIFICIALLY Publication Classification FEEDING SERIOUSLY LL INTENSIVE CARE PATIENTS (51) Int. Cl. A6II 3L/23 (2006.01) A6II 3L/23 (2006.01) (75)75) InventorI tOr: Michaelichael Boll, MelsungenMel (DE)DE A6IP 43/00 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: B. BRAUN MELSUNGEN AG, A23D 7700 (2006.01) Melsungen (DE) A23D 9/00 (2006.01) (21) Appl. No.: 13/126,245 (52) U.S. Cl. ......................................... 514/547: 426/602 (22) PCT Filed: Nov. 9, 2009 (57) ABSTRACT (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2009/064839 The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical preparation for the prophylaxis and treatment of critical illness polyneur S371 (c)(1) opathy (CIP) and critical illness myopathy (CIM). The inven (2), (4) Date: Apr. 27, 2011 tion further relates to an isotonic fat emulsion comprising at s 9 least one triglyceride that comprises at least one fatty acid (30) Foreign Application Priority Data group having an odd number of carbon atoms, wherein the fatty acid group comprises a carbon chain having 5 to 15 Nov. 18, 2008 (DE) ......................... 102008.057867.3 carbon atoms. US 2011/0207819 A1 Aug. 25, 2011 FATEMULSION FOR ARTIFICIALLY in the intravenous administration of immunoglobulins (M. FEEDING SERIOUSLY LL INTENSIVE CARE Alb, S. Hirner, T. Luecke, Anästhesiol. Intensivmed. Not PATIENTS fallmed. Schmerzther. 2007, 4, 250-258). 0003. Another background of the present invention is in the field of artificial feeding of intensive care patients by fat 0001. The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical emulsions for intravenous application or by lipid-containing formulation for the prophylaxis and treatment of critical ill dietary products. ness polyneuropathy (CIP) and critical illness myopathy 0004 Fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition serve for Sup (CIM). Further, the invention relates to an isotonic fat emul plying fats in an intravenously acceptable dosage form if sion comprising at least one triglyceride including at least one normal oral feeding is not possible or medically contraindi fatty acid residue with an odd number of carbon atoms, cated. Fat emulsions common in the prior art are prepared wherein said fatty acid residue includes a carbon chain with from vegetable oils, such as safflower oil or soybean oil; in from 5 to 15 carbonatoms. In addition, the invention relates to Some cases, they additionally contain triglycerides of the use of the isotonic fat emulsion as a dietary product, and medium-chain fatty acids (so-called medium-chain triglycer the invention further relates to the use of the pharmaceutical ides (MCT)) and/or oils of marine origin (fish oils, mostly formulation/isotonic fat emulsion within the scope of from cold-water fish). parenteral nutrition or as a component of a dietary product, 0005 Thus, DE-0S-3721 137 describes lipid emulsions especially the use of a fat emulsion for artificially feeding for parenteral nutrition comprising eicosapentaenic acid trig septic intensive care patients. lyceride and/or docosahexaenic acid triglyceride, or fish oils 0002. Due to the progress in intensive care medicine of containing Such triglycerides, as well as Vegetable oils con recent years and decades, which has been due to among others taining omega-6 fatty acids, and MCT. novel treatment concepts, classification systems and well 0006 EP 0120 169 B1 discloses synthetic triglycerides aimed interventions, the survival times of extremely ill inten which may bear a polyunsaturated fatty acid (preferably sive care patients could be prolonged significantly. However, eicosapentaenic acid) at the central carbonatom of the glyc consequently, clinical pictures that were previously rare or erol molecule. The glycerides prepared according to this defi unknown have been observed in this group of patients. Thus, nition may be used for nutrition, as a food Supplement or intensive care patients have a particularly high risk of devel medicament for therapeutic nutrition. oping a sepsis, which may entail serious complications in the 0007 U.S. Pat. No. 4,526,902 describes mixtures com further course thereof. Among these, critical illness polyneur prising 25-75% by weight of eicosapentaenic acid and an opathy (CIP) and critical illness myopathy (CIM) were deter omega-6 fatty acid that are used as a component of pharma mined in Systematic studies on neurological and muscular ceuticals or fat-containing foods, such as butter or the like. problems in intensive care patients. Both cases involve 0008 U.S. Pat. No. 6,740,679 describes n-heptanoic acid acquired muscle weakness, namely CIP, which is primarily as an energy source for patients suffering from disorders of axonal, and CIM, which is primarily muscular. A clinical the degradation of long-chain fatty acids. delimitation of CIP from CIM is extremely difficult, since 0009 US 2008/0132571 A1 discloses formulations and generalized paralysis, myasthenia and respirator weaning methods for the treatment of catabolic effects in patients, problems are the most important and common symptoms in wherein odd-numbered fatty acids and their glycerides are both cases, and in addition, both diseases can occur together applied for enhancing the intracellular ratio of AMP to ATP (O. Friedrich, E. Hund, Anaesthesist 2006, 55, 1271-1280). and for enhancing the activity of AMP-activated protein For the prevalence of CIP/CIM, a value of 70-80% is cur kinase (AMPK). rently stated for patients with severe sepsis and multiple organ 0010. Effective treatment methods for CIP and CIM are failure. Although there is probably not a higher lethality due hardly known. In addition, effective nutritive methods for to CIP/CIM alone, the occurrence of CIP/CIM prolongs the treating sepsis and the secondary complications of intensive intensive care therapy, delays the rehabilitation and thereby care therapy, such as CIP and/or CIM, are hardly known to leads to an enormous increase of the treatment and macro date. economic costs. In addition, muscular weakness and rapid 0011 Thus, there is a need for substances and formula exhaustion of patients who are suffering from severe ARDS, tions for artificial feeding and the accompanying nutritive for example, is considered the most important cause of lim treatment of intensive care patients, and there is an urgent ited quality of life even after 12 months from the end of the need for formulations and methods for the prophylaxis and intensive care medical treatment (M. S. Herridge, A. M. Che therapy of CIP and/or CIM. ung, C. M. Tansey, N. Engl. Med. 2003, 348, 683-693). The 0012 Before this background, the object of the present exact causes of CIP/CIM are currently still unclear and under invention is to provide a pharmaceutical formulation for the research in intensive care medicine. Inflammation mediators, accompanying nutritive treatment of critically ill, for catabolism, insulin resistance, the application of corticoster example, septic, intensive care patients and for the prophy oids, increased glucagon sensitivity, energy Supply disorder, laxis and therapy of secondary complications of intensive the application of muscle relaxants, oxidative stress as well as care therapy, such as CIP and/or CIM. general microcirculatory and/or inflammation reactions 0013 Surprisingly, it has been found that the frequency of among others are discussed as risk factors. For this reason, the occurrence of the mentioned complications can be specific therapies for CIA/CIM are still unknown. From the reduced, or the severity of the disease alleviated, or its course literature, it can be seen that many authors consider the shortened, by Supplying a fat emulsion containing triglycer aggressive therapy of SIRS and sepsis ("early-goal directed ides with fatty acid residues having an odd number of carbon therapy') as the most important component of a CIP/CIM atOmS. therapy. Further, an intensified insulin therapy could decrease 0014 Thus, the present invention relates to a pharmaceu the incidence by 44%, and another therapeutic option is seen tical formulation for the prophylaxis or treatment of CIP US 2011/0207819 A1 Aug. 25, 2011 and/or CIM comprising a fat emulsion containing at least one origin ("fish oil’) as a source of omega-3 fatty acids in intra triglyceride (A) of formula (I): venous fat emulsions (EP-A-0298.293), wherein highly puri fied fish oil concentrates are preferred, which are obtained from cold-water fish, Such as Salmons, herrings, Sardines or (I) mackerels. Their content of omega-3 fatty acids is preferably 40% or more. 0022. Further preferred is triglyceride (A) in which at least one fatty acid residue is selected from the group consisting of medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., caprylic acid C8:0, capric acid C10:0, lauric acid C12:0), long-chain saturated fatty wherein at least one of radicals R', R or R is independently acids (e.g., myristic acid C14:0, palmitic acid C16:0, Stearic an alkanoyl radical having an odd number of from 5 to 15 acid C18:0), monounsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic acid carbon atoms. C16:1, oleic acid C18:1), polyunsaturated fatty acids of 0015 The triglyceride (A) of the fat emulsion to be used omega-3 and omega-6 type, for example, eicosapentaenic according to the invention consists of glycerol esterified with acid (EPA, C20:5 omega-3), docosahexaenic acid (DHA, fatty acids at least one of which has an odd number of carbon C22:6 omega-3), linolic acid (LA, C 18:2 omega-6) or atoms with from
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  • Fatty Acids As Essential Adjuvants to Treat Various Ailments and Their Role in Drug Delivery: a Review

    Fatty Acids As Essential Adjuvants to Treat Various Ailments and Their Role in Drug Delivery: a Review

    Nutrition 65 (2019) 138À157 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Nutrition journal homepage: www.nutritionjrnl.com Review article Fatty acids as essential adjuvants to treat various ailments and their role in drug delivery: A review Aakash Katdare B. Pharm, MS. Pharm, Shreya Thakkar B. Pharm, M. Pharm, Shivshankar Dhepale B. Pharm, MS. Pharm, Dignesh Khunt B. Pharm, M. Pharm, Manju Misra B. Pharm, M. Pharm, Ph.D. * Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Since the discovery of fatty acids, a niche has been carved for their vital role as adjuvants in drug delivery and Received 23 May 2018 as treatment for various diseases. The literature has repeatedly described the essential role of various fatty Received in revised form 1 February 2019 acids in treating a wide range of diseases and disorders, from central nervous system diseases to wound heal- Accepted 20 March 2019 ing. The use of fatty acids has expanded to many horizons and in recent decades they have gained impor- tance as drug delivery adjuvants in addition to their auxiliary benefits in treating various diseases. Although Keywords: fatty acids aid in solving both formulation-based and therapeutic challenges to our knowledge, they have Polyunsaturated FA never been viewed as dual agents in modern scientific literature. The aim of this review was to provide this FA Lipids perspective and combine the very discreet literature about fatty acids, which includes their role as therapeu- Oils tic adjuvants and drug delivery agents. It gives insights on the use of fatty acids in treating the diseases of the Penetration enhancers eye, skin, central nervous system, viral diseases, and so on.