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Brasiliana Volume 387 Vamireh Chacon Nasceu No Recife Em 1934

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Brasiliana Volume 387 Vamireh Chacon Nasceu No Recife Em 1934 VAMIREH CHACON ' brasiliana volume 387 Vamireh Chacon nasceu no Recife em 1934. Bacharel pela tradicional Faculdade de Direito do Recife, onde se doutorou com a tese Introdução ao Problema da Sociologia do Direito. Bacharel e licenciado pela Faculdade de Filosofia da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. Estudos de pós-graduação cm Sociologia da Cultura com os últimos representantes da Sociologia Clássica Alemã (Alfred von Martin, Leopold von Wicsc e Hans Frcyer) nas universidades de Munique e Colônia, e de Sociologia do Desenvolvimento na Universidade de Chicago. Livre-docente e ex-professor catedrático da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, atualmente professor titular do Departamento de Ciência Politica da Universidade de Brasilia. Professor visitante e conferencista em universidades dos Estados Unidos, França, Portugal e Alemanha. Autor dos seguintes livros: Galileus Modernos (Elogio da Heterodoxia), História das Idéias Socialista no Brasil, Abreu e Lima (General de Bolívar), História dos Partidos Brasileiros, Economia e Sociedade no Brasil, O Humanismo Brasileiro, Max Weber. (A Crise da Ciência e a Crise da Politica), Da Escola do Recife ao Código Civil, A Luz do Norte e O Poço do Passado, entre outros. Tradutor de Ralf Dahrendorf, Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkhcimer, Jorgen Habcrmas, Ernst Bloch, Helmut Schelsky e Hanns-Albcrt Steger do alemão, de Raymond Aron do francês e de Steve Lukcs e John Rawls do inglês ao português. ct_.,,T, (l).,,T,r..,1,(i)nonl~ 1>'\.,T,.!,llgu1n 1>1\/íl " l>ócu.l., }{}{ 1 Produzido na Editora Massanoana da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco e Impresso na Avaliar Gráfica em abril de 1993, ano em que se registram os 440 anos da morte de Duarte Coelho Pereira, primeiro donatário da Capitania de Pernambuco; 370 anos do nascimento na Bahia do poeta Gregório de Matos; 300 anos de Instalação dOs serviços de Correios no Recife; bicentenário de nascimento do Marquês de Olinda (Pedro de Araújo Lima), do nascimento de Francisco Munlz Tavares, autor da História da Revolução de Pernambuco em 1817. e do falecimento de Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto; 180 anos do nascimento de José Thomaz Nabuco de Araújo; 170 anos da outorga da Primeira Constituição do Brasil, da elevação da Vila de Santo Antônio do Recife, à categoria de Cidade, da abertura da Assembléia Constituinte de 1823 e do nascimento em Caxias (Maranhão) de Antônio Gonçalves Dias; 160 anos de criação da Comarca do Recife; 150 anos de falecimento do Padre Diogo Antônio Feijó e do nascimento de Pedro Américo; 130 anos do nascimento de Delmlro Gouvêa; 70 anos da Rádio Clube de Pernambuco; cinqüentenárlo da morte de Ulisses Pernambucano. COMPANHIA EDITORA NACIONAL FUNDAÇÃO JOAQUIM NABUCO EDITORA MASSANGANA Ministério da Educação e do Desporto . ,,. ', : .~ . .. ....1 .i.i /) ... ~~ ... - - - , , 1 ,, .... ,i ,·' -, ' l l GILBERTO FREYRE (1900-1987) GILBERTO FREYRE UMA BIOGRAFIA INTELECTIJAL BRASILIANA Volume 387 Direção de AMÉRICO JACOBINA LACOMBE SÉRIE DOCUMENTOS, 40 Fundação Joaquim Nabuco Não encontrando este livro nas livrarias, favor dirigir-se à EDITORA MASSANGANA - Rua Dois Irmãos, nQ 15 - Apipucos - Recife - PE - Brasil - CEP 52071-440 - Fones: (081) 441 .5900, ramais 241 e 242 e (081) 441.5458 - Telefax (081) 441.5600 Foi feito o depósito legal Chacon, Vamireh Gilberto Freyre; uma biografia intelectual / Vamireh Chacon. - Reci- fe: FUNDAJ, Ed. Massangana; São Paulo: Ed. Nacional, 1993 312 p. il. (Documentos; FUNDAJ, n. 40: Brasiliana; Nacional: n. 387) Inclui bibliografia ISBN 85-7019-245-2 1. FREYRE, GILBERTO, 1900-19~7 1. Título li. l·undação .loa4uim Nahuco TJT. Série CDU 081 ::061.3 VAMIREH -CHACON GILBERTO FREYRE UMA BIOGRAFIA INTELECTUAL Recife/ Sio Paulo Fuodaçlo Joaquim Nabuco - Editora Massanga1 Companhia Editora Nacional 1993 ISBN 85-7019-245-2 ©, 1993 1Vamireh Chacon Reservados todos os direitos desta edição Reprodução proibida mesmo parcialmente, sem autorização da Editora Massangana da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco e da Editora Nacional Fundação Joaquim Nabuco - Editora Massangana Rua Dois Irmãos n2 15 -Apipucos - Recife - PE - Brasil CEP 52071-440 Companhia Editora Nacional - Rua dos Gusmões, 639- OI 212 São Paulo - SP Impresso no Brasil Printed in Brazil Direção Executiva da Editora Massangana Leonardo Dantas Silva - Diretor-Geral Sflvio Roberto Bentzen Pessoa - Diretor de Editoração Eva/do Donato - Diretor de Comercialização Arte-final da Capa: Vanilda Pordeus Revisão: José Romero, Conceiçio Luna e Rosa Martins Capa: Gilberto Freyre (1900-1987), visto pela objetiva de Marcelino(Re­ cife). Aos amigos e companheiros de Gilberto Freyre na Nova Escola do Recife SUMÁRIO EXPLICAÇÃO, SE É QUE É PRECISO 09 O JOVEM GILBERTO FREYRE 15 O Recife Oceânico 17 Ancestrais e Pais 27 Os Preceptores do Menino de Sobrado e o Colégio Americano 37 Batista em Baylor 49 A Vocação de Escritor 65 Cosmopolita em Columbia 85 A Repulsa ao Racismo 117 Anfsio Teixeira e Monteiro Lobato: Companheiros de Descoberta 129 A Volta pela Europa 151 Difícil Retomo e Readaptação ao Brasil 169 O Regionalismo 181 Magistério, Jomalisino, A ventura do Exílio 199 A Gênese de Casa-Grande & Senzala em Dacar, Lisboa, Stanford, Nova Orleans e Charleston 211 O CLÁSSICO TROPICAL 229 Significados de Casa-Grande & Senzala 231 A Recepção Crítica Francesa 245 Primeira Semana Afro-Brasileira e Nova Travessia Política 255 A Nova Escola do Recife 275 Entardecer em Apipucos 281 , Explicação,, se e que e preciso. 11 Esta é uma biografia intelectual de Gilberto Freyre, não bio­ grafia íntima ou política. Psicologia e ideologia aqui só entram em função da posição de Gilberto Freyre na História das Idéias do Brasil. Daí o crescendo até seus anos de formação em universida­ des dos Estados Unidos, decrescendo· em pianíssimo rumo a outra vibração maior no final, quase como numa sonata em palavras. Ajudadas por recordações pessoais minhas desde muito cedo, quando, "ainda menino", lembra-o o próprio Gilberto em testemu­ nho comemorativo dos meus cinqüenta anos, eu freqüentava "a ca­ sa dos Freyres de Apipucos, como se fosse uma escola" e ele, Fre­ yre, "um instrutor de aprendires que concordasse em orientar, por pw-o prazer intelectual". A mim e a uns poucos outros. Amizade.herda4e,\minha mãe Dulce Chacon, jornalista e pro­ fessora, chegou a ouvir pioneiras aulas de Gilberto Freyre em So­ ciologia na Escola Normal de Pernambuco, fins da d6cada de 1920, não tendo sido sua aluna porque saía na época em que ele ingres­ sava. Contemporânea de Clarice Lispector, de procedência israelita ucraniana, há pouco no Recüe e antes dela prosseguir ao Rio de Janeiro, ela, sim, discípula de Gilberto, colega de minha mãe, mas em turmas diferentes. Pelo solar de Apipucos desfilava intelectualmente o mundo de então: Manuel Bandeira, José Lins do Rego, Luís Jardim, Clari­ val do Prado Valadares, Manuel Diégues Júnior, Jorge de Lima, para só mencionar os que partiam do Recüe, os que ficaram são tantos que seria demasiado enumcrt-los. E os estrangeiros: Aldo~ Hux.ley, John Dos Passos, Robert Lowell, Vitorino Nemésio, Jean­ Paul Sartre e Simone de Beauvoir, Lucien Febvre e Fernand Brau­ del, dentre muitos. Com eles falei, menos ou mais longamente, na­ quelas tertúlias de fim de tarde, o vale do Capibaribe ainda verde diante de nós, antes das invasões imobiliárias, olhado pelas janelas 12 e grande porta da sala de frente, em meio a mobilas antigas de ja­ carandá e quadros de pintores modenústas. Também presentes na biblioteca, local predileto de trabalho de Gilbeno. Vicente do Rego Monteiro e Cícero Dias vez por outra apareciam de Paris, fiéis ao Brasil e às suas lentes de Apipucos. Também Anísio Teixeira lá nunca deixava de ir, ao passar pelo Recife. Era uma Montanha Mágica aquela, não faltando o toque do próprio Thomas Mann, que, com Gilbeno Freyre se correspondera por intermédio de Carlos Lustig de Prean, secretário tcheco do es­ critor alemão, propondo-se a vir para o Brasil, o que lhe foi negado pelo Estado Novo parafascista, apesar das tentativas de intercessão gilbertiana. Também ele era acusado de "judeu" e "comunista". Na realidade casado com judia, simpatizante das esquerdas o seu innão Heinrich, Thomas hwnanista liberal conservador, cuja saga, Os Buddenbrook, decadência hanseática de Lübeck, só podia atrair mais que a atenção, a admiração de Gilberto no Recife em tantos pontos análogo, tanto quanto Thomas Hardy na Inglaterra rural, de longe ecoando dramas idênticos aos dos sobrados e casas-grandes nordestinos. Hardy e Mann repassados por Gilberto entre as gran­ des influências recebidas por José Lins do Rego, ouvi ambos re­ cordarem isto, mais de uma vez, não só li. Por aí se vê que am­ biente era aquele, o de Apipucos. Numerosas as recordações, impossível rememorar todas. Certas delas muito pessoais, o grande homem visto de perto. Quem vier depois, escreverá biografias menores ou maiores, ninguém da­ quele círculo desvendando todo seu encanto. Parecido s6 o de Carl Schmitt entre as colinas do Westerwald perto do Reno; o de Stefan George mais literário da Bingen renana à Minúsio suíça. Destes conheci de perto o schmittiano. Todos algo iniciáticos, círculos concêntricos em tomo dos mestres, os aprendizes passando por su­ cessivos graus de confiança informais, rigorosos do ponto de vista pessoal. Daí esta biografia, mesmo intelectual, declarar, às vezes sem precisar de citações, wn pouco do muito que ouvi pessoalmente de Gilbeno Freyre ao longo de quatro décadas. Procurando equilíbrio entre o culto quase de adoração dos amigos - Gilberto sabia exer­ cer fascínio de feiticeiro, como observou Gilberto de Mello Ku­ jawski - e o denegrimento por adversários pessoais, até ideológi- 13 cos, controvérsias· nunca· de' 'todo evitáveis~ Difícil equilibrismo neste fio de: navalha~imagem do' medieval Guilherme Occam tão do agrado gilbertiàno: "É inútil fazer com mais o que se wàe fazer com menos", pois "os entes não dévetn 'ser multiplicados sem ne­ cessidade .. .-·i .E vamos parar, se não já estaremos falando demais, exatamente o ,que ·devemos evitar ... Basta dizer que há muito de catarse autü-'analítica nestas núnhas anlilises de Gilberto Freyre, do seu senhorialismo, do seu intelectualismo, do seu cosmopolitismo, do seu telurismo.
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